New research shows that the application of three of the most common herbicides used on GM herbicide-tolerant crops (glyphosate, glufosinate, and dicamba) increases antibiotic-resistant genes in the microbiomes of the soil.

Similar to plants, the soil bacteria are becoming resistant to weedkillers. Additionally, bugs that are most resistant to pesticides were found to have a genetic mutation that made them resistant to antibiotics.

Dr. Jack Heinemann, Professor of Molecular Biology and Genetics at the University of Canterbury has published two papers that suggest herbicides are “accelerants when it comes to the evolution of antibiotic resistance”. His research is supported by recent findings from the University of York and Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University in China.

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When plants are sprayed, though, plenty of weed-killer gets into the soil – where there is an array of bacteria vital for healthy soil ecology. This is where a funny thing happens. Soil bacteria, like plants, are becoming resistant to weed-killer – and the bugs that are most resistant were found to carry a genetic mutation that also makes them resistant to antibiotics

Weedkillers are accelerating the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria

Pesticides and herbicides get absorbed by the crops they’re sprayed on but most of the chemicals are left on the outer most part of the produce. Organic is better than conventional but organic certification does allow some pesticide and herbicide usage. Produce usually looks clean at the store but there’s plenty of pesticide residue on them.

The apples you buy in grocery stores are already washed, usually in a bleach solution, and rinsed before they’re sold, says study author Lili He, Ph.D., assistant professor of food science at University of Massachusetts, Amherst. The purpose of this, however, is to remove dirt and kill any harmful microbes that may be on the fruit. “It’s not intended to wash away pesticides,” He says.

Consumer Reports

Many people are buying designed to wash produce, or scrubbing foods in running water, or using bleach, but according to new research, these options don’t do much good. But baking soda does.

Surface pesticide residues were most effectively removed by sodium bicarbonate (baking soda, NaHCO3) solution…”

Effectiveness of Commercial and Homemade Washing Agents in Removing Pesticide Residues on and in Apples

The study used thiabendazole and phosmet as the pesticides. Apples were exposed to the pesticides for 24 hours, “applied at a concentration of 125 ng/cm2.”

Related: Foods Most Likely to Contain Glyphosate

The authors say that a baking soda washing solution can completely remove thiabendazole and phosmet surface residues of apples in about 15 minutes. That’s a lot of washing! The study authors are not clear if the produce needs to be scrubbed or just left to soak or what, but we suspect just letting them soak in a solution of water and baking soda for fifteen minutes should work. We’re attempted contact with a couple of the authors and are awaiting clarification on this. We’ll update if we hear back.

Their results showed that 20% of the thiabendazole and 4.4% of the phosmet penetrated into the apples following the exposure. So it’s not practically possible to remove all of the chemicals from the produce.

 In practical application, washing apples with NaHCO3 solution can reduce pesticides mostly from the surface. Peeling is more effective to remove the penetrated pesticides; however, bioactive compounds in the peels will become lost too.

It should also be noted that different fruits and vegetables will absorb chemicals at different rates and some will have better results from baking soda washing than others.

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Stop Eating Like That and Start Eating Like This – Your Guide to Homeostasis Through Diet

Whether you are driving through the suburbs among manicured lawns and tidy flowerbeds, or through the well kept peach orchards or vineyards of Central California, there is one thing you don’t see much of these days.  Weeds.

Weeds are one of nature’s attempts to bring back a semblance of balance back into our open space.  Try as we might to bring the tidiness of our homes out to the outdoors, the weeds don’t seem to cooperate, until we make a trip down to home depot and use Round-Up to beat them into submission.

What does this have to do with honeybees and other pollinators?  After all, weed killer is an herbicide and bees are insects.  When bees see an orchard with a clean, weed-free floor, from their point of view, it may as well be a Sahara sand dune.  But when they buzz past a vineyard or backyard with wild undergrowth, they see a smorgasbord, a buffet, a salad bar.

One of the biggest problems that bees face, one of the main reasons for their decline is lack of clean forage.  Bees get protein, vitamins and minerals from plant pollen.  They get carbohydrates from the sweet plant nectar that they use to make honey.  What happens if you don’t eat a balanced diet of clean, chemical-free food?  You get sick.  Bees are no different.

I’m not saying that we should let everything go and revert to wildness.  We can be strategic about this.  By purposely planting bee friendly ground cover, such as clover, hairy vetch or thyme we can suppress the ugly weeds while adding a carpet that is pleasing to the eye and even the nose.