Difficulty is a thermostat, not a floor
Every cycle somebody argues that price cannot stay below the cost of mining for long, because miners would simply stop. It sounds like an arbitrage. It is not one.
Here is what actually happens when price drops under the marginal miner's all-in cost. The marginal miner switches off. Hashrate falls. Then, at the next adjustment, the network lowers difficulty, and everyone still running earns more per unit of hashpower than they did a fortnight earlier. The network's cost of production adapts to whatever revenue exists.
That is what the difficulty adjustment is: a thermostat holding the block interval near ten minutes. It is not a mechanism for defending a price. It has no opinion about price at all.
Which means cost of production is an output of price, not an input to it. The “average cost per coin” that gets quoted is mostly a fact about how much hardware got plugged in during the last bull market, and it declines when difficulty declines. Citing it as a floor gets the causality backwards.
There is no floor. The mechanism people point to as support is actually the mechanism that lets the chain keep producing blocks at any price. Bitcoin at half of today's price is not a broken network. It is a cheaper network to secure.
The real transmission channel is forced selling, and it is slow. A hashrate flush means marginal operators are liquidating inventory and shutting down. After difficulty resets lower, the survivors' margins improve and that selling pressure eases. That is second-order, it takes weeks, and it is nothing like a price floor.
So what I actually watch is the sign of the last few adjustments — a run of negative ones means capacity is genuinely being flushed rather than shuffled — and whether hashrate recovers before or after difficulty reprices. Recovery before the reset usually means the drop was situational: weather, a grid curtailment, one region's policy. Recovery only after the reset means it was economic.
The supply of new coins per block does not respond to any of this. It is fixed by the schedule no matter how many machines are running or what power costs. The only question the market answers is who gets them.