New research suggests that whales use their sophisticated communication techniques to develop distinct and separate cultures. Biologist Hal Whitehead and writer and self-confessed 'whalehead' Philip Hoare discuss this new frontier
This conversation is unbelievably interesting: it includes a discussion of what 'culture' means in terms of science; a proposition that humans live in a two-dimensional world, whereas whales operate in a much larger three-dimensional universe; the revelation that different whale species have developed symbolic ethnic markers previously believed to be the sole domain of human-made culture (as well as religion, morality and language); and the speculation that whales communicate and live in ways impenetrable to us, but which we can assume to be much more philosophically sophisticated than ours.
I love whales and sea life in general, but I fear that we can only relate to animals as humans, that is not without a certain degree of arrogance and expectation, and unconsciously asserting our superiority even when we are completely passionate about certain species and their lives and worlds.
I have been lucky enough to hear Philip Hoare speak about his work on the cultural history of whales, and I was enthralled by his so-very-human fascination and investment into the world of marine mammals. He is incredibly humble in front of the mystery and might that is the Whale. His reading of whales' place in human culture (in his wonderful book Leviathan) is informed by such a degree of passion for these creatures as to border on the slightly insane (see under: Grizzly Man), and by an inevitable tendency to somehow anthropomorphise the animals (something we do every time we think our dogs, cats, pet rats, are undermining our authority, smirking at us, being sad, etc - and something of which Hoare is clearly aware). So I would expect him to say that whales are running the world. But to hear all this come from a biologist, man, let me summarise: mind=blown.