#germplasm

Eleven tomato germplasm (Cherry tomato, Rio Grande, Gala, Kalam, Red Star, Roma VF, Taj, Peshawar Local, Bambino, Roma and Roma King) of edible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were investigated at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2017. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate and select tomato germplasm, which could be grown for raw material production and future breeding, taking into account their nutrition composition. The statistically analyzed data indicated that tomato germplasm were highly significant (P ≥ 0.01) in physical and chemical contributing parameters. Physical and chemical data of different tomato fruits at harvesting stage indicated that maximum fruit weight (81.3g) and highest Ascorbic acid content (14.64 mg 100 g-1) was found in tomato cv. Gala. Maximum fruit firmness (2.07) was observed in variety Roma. Maximum percent juice content (91.8 %) were taken by tomato germplasmKalam. Maximum Total Soluble Solid (TSS) (4.8) was measured in tomato germplasm Bambino, whereas maximum (0.37%) acidity was measured in cv. Rio Grande. Maximum (4.63) fruit pH was recorded in germplasm Roma King, which statistically at par with fruit pH (4.56) observed in tomato variety Bambino. It was established that according to above results the tomato cv. Gala and Rio Grande performed best in physical and chemical contributing parameters for quality attributes. These tomatoes cultivars can be grown for raw material production and may be used in future breeding.

The experiment “Morphological and yield performance of tomato germplasm under agro climatic condition of Peshawar” was carried out at The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2017. The primary objective of this research to evaluate different tomato germplasm for their yield and adaptability in Peshawar. For morphological characterization, the tomato germplasm were three times replicated in Randomized Complete Block Design. Ten tomato germplasm were selected that included Rio Grande, Gala, Kalam, Red Star, Roma VF, Taj, Peshawar Local, Bambino, Roma and Cherry tomato. The statistically analyzed data indicated that tomato germplasm were highly significant (P ≥ 0.01) in growth and yield contributing parameters. Morphological data indicated that maximum plant height (105.3 cm) was recorded in germplasm Kalam. Maximum number of primary branches plant-1 (8), fruit yield plant-1 (1.67 kg) and total yield (43.2 tons ha-1) were observed in variety Roma VF. Maximum days to first flower were observed in variety Bambino (37). Maximum number of fruits plant-1 (36.3) were shown by germplasm Cherry tomato. Maximum fruit length (7.37 cm) was found out in cv. Roma, whereas maximum fruit width (4.83 cm) and 100 seed weight (0.372 g) were recorded in cv. Rio Grande. Based on these results the tomato germplasm performed best in yield and growth contributing parameters should be further evaluated for their potential use in breeding programs. Furthermore, Roma VF and Rio Grande were given best performance in yield and almost morphological characteristics and should be the choice for cultivation in Peshawar.

The present research work was conducted at the Germplasm Center, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University (PSTU), during 2018/2019. The experiment was laid out following a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 15 germplasm (treatments) and 4 replications (blocks). The experimental germplasms were Mo-1 to Mo-15. There was found a significant variation among the germplasm in relation to leaf, flower and pod. Better results were obtained from germplasm Mo-2, 14 and 15 in respect of number of leaves, number of leaflets per leaf, leaf length, leaf width, pod length, pod width, seed width, fleshy material weight, yield/tree. Except Mo-1 and Mo-11, all the germplasm had three flowering peaks. Among 15 germplasm 10 of the germplasm produced white colored flower, 3 produced cream-colored flower and 2 produced cream-colored flowers with red streaks. Highest number of leaves (8.25) was recorded in germplasm Mo-2. Longest leaf length was found in Mo-15 (49.75cm) and width was in Mo-14 (21.87cm). Highest number of leaflets per leaf (434.8) was recorded in Mo-15. Maximum pod length (59.83cm) and width (1.8cm) was found in Mo-2. Longest seed length was found in Mo-6 (1.46cm) and width in Mo-15 (0.8cm). The highest number of seeds per pod (24.00) was found in both Mo-8 and Mo-5. The maximum 10-seed weight was found in Mo-9 (4.35 g). Highest fleshy material weight was found in Mo-2 (66.5 g). The maximum total fruit per plant (335.8) and yield (23.51kg) was found in germplasm Mo-2.

Dearth of well-articulated information on genetic parameter estimates and diversity of upland rice limits the genetic improvement of rice. This study assessed the genetic parameter estimates and genetic diversity among 40 rice accessions using 26 agro-morphological traits. The trial was conducted in 2020 at the Njala University experimental site using 5 × 8 triple lattice design. The agro-morphological traits were analyzed using various multivariate and genetic parameter estimate techniques. Classification based on qualitative and quantitative traits grouped the germplasm into ten and five distinct clusters, respectively. Genotypes Buttercup-ABC, Buttercup-RARC, Jewulay, NERICA L4, Ndomawai, Sewulie and Painipainie produced earliest days to heading (81.8–97.2 days) and maturity (111.2 – 120.7 days). Genotypes Jasmine (3.036 t.ha-1), Rok 34 (3.238 t.ha-1) and Parmoi (2.663 t.ha-1) exhibited the highest grain yields. Principal component analysis (PCA) of qualitative traits exhibited four principal components (PCs) with eigenvalues > 1.0 and cumulative variation of 68.04%, whilst the PCA of quantitative traits had five PCs accounting for 81.73% of the total genetic variation. The findings indicate the presence of enough variability that could be exploited for the genetic improvement of rice varieties and the studied traits can be used for selection. Leaf blade length and width, culm diameter at basal internode, culm length, days to 50% heading, flag leaf girth, panicle number per plant, grain yield, and 100 grain weight had high heritability and genetic advance indicating the presence of additive gene action. Findings are relevant for conservation, management, short term recommendation for release and genetic improvement of rice.