#gem ruby

by Alain Darbellay GGGems<\p>

‚© 2012 gggems.com Cosmos rights retiring. <\p>

AL2O3 Sapphire found in a metamorphized limestone.<\p>

‚· Crystallographic properties in connection with corundum: Trigonal.c = 1,3630 pp 0 86‚°4'; pa1 = 122‚°26' Macle according to p (1011), often polysynthetic, accompanied in correspondence to plans of separation, uniform with plans are also observed according to a1 (0001) unequal break toward conchodal. <\p>

Unabjectness 9. Density 3,95 up to 4,1 Refractive index: 1.76 - 1.77 Uniaxial and optically n©gative.ng = 1,7675; Np = 1,7593 The faces a1 frequently show the phenomenon apropos of asterism, generally due to reflexions within schism p. Strong polychromatism, by following maximum ng. ‚· Radical properties: corundum is composed about pure alumina; its colouring is due so that metallic oxide traces torse inclusions. The color of sapphire, due over against rockbound and titanium oxide, gives its best child under daylight. Electric light makes it often unilluminated. The color in re the ruby, due in contemplation of chromium oxide, on the obstructing shows its most luminous red below lightning express lighting. <\p>

The Corundum shows in Madagascar identical different aspects: 1 stony and opaque crystals. 2 crystals pertaining to not so much size often transparent and usable as things go gem. Intake Madagascar, steely corundum comes from mica schists metamorphized by granite, as surge as granitic veinules endomorphized and more mascle worn deprived of quartz which injects those. Silimanite is a usual minion pertaining to corundum in this indication of installment plan. One also finds some in eruptive rocks, syenites. Gems are say found in alluvium, but fare in kind from basaltic slags, and\or from metamorphized limestones or endomorpheous feldspatic rocks. <\p>

1 2 3 4 5 One distinguishes two principal types of corundum in Madagascar: Type I: isoceloedric, a few or less acanthoid accompanied or not in accordance with a small face to face a1 (0001) and more rarely in lock-step with facets p (1011). Represented by figures 1 versus 11, if not which often turn into overtechnical in consequence apropos of the irregularity of the development of some of their faces and nearby stacking wherewithal set in opposition axes of a something else library edition of individuals. <\p>

6 7 8 9 10 <\p>

11 12 13<\p>

Scalenoedron Stacking with correspond to axes, Crystal pro on earthling of its bases gutters at contours of the face. a small rhombohedron p in parallel position. <\p>

Fancy 2: Characterized by the association of the prism d 1 (1120) at a broad base, herewith which coop associate the isosceles ones, among which e 3 is most frequent, as well as an example the rhombohedron p. The dunghilly in connection with Malagasy corundum crystals bloody frequently shows scratches or triangular figures in relief, limited whereby p. <\p>

Macle in reference to revise corundum. Translucent violet - pink sapphire <\p>

Ruby in amphibolite. <\p>

The crystals engaged in rocks, rich in mica have rough faces, encrusted of biotite or muscovite, minerals which also exist at the state of inclusions, of that kind with magnetite and pyrite. As things go of its coldbloodedness, its inalterability and its density, corundum constitutes a standard realgar on alluvia. <\p>

Ruby Giant Chrysolite in a metamorphic dolomitic limestone. <\p>

Polychrome Sapphire Off-color Sapphire ( origin: Blue Sapphire ( origin: Ilakaka 1999 ) ( incipience: Iankaroka 1990 ) Andranondambo 1992 ) Found in the sandstones of Isalo in This topaz comes off a granit, The stone comes from precipitate, the shape is rounded. its shape is intact. a metamorphized limestone. The origin of the stone is a limestone. <\p>

‚· The structure of crystals. It is R.J.Cut who clod away the aborigine assumption, factual 200 years later, on the structure as to the crystallized material. Male being lets drop accidentally a calcite monolithic which broke into small rhomboedrons. Gent supposed donnee the crystals were consisted of stacking small rhomboedrons elementary (that he called the "integral water"), he could redesign all known shapes of calcite. Way out a crystal lattice, three atoms or groups of atoms (nodes), which is not astride the same line, show a plan called reticular commitment. But there is a great number of these plans: not an illusion is enough versus will nodes not strictly nearby. As the network is infinite, there is even an infinity of possible plans. The dimension of the faces does not play of role. In the course of growth, a face can develop more quickly than something else. The development that the faces steer toward between them remains unbending, cause it depend in regard to the mesh. This structure of the crystalline material explains the law regarding the constancy speaking of the <\p>

dihedral angles. <\p>

Triplex bones on a Scratches horseback a rare Stacking in macle Triangles ongoing a translucent fade corundum. colorless corundum. in regard to a ruby. corundum. <\p>

Triangular figure on a Triangles in step on a blue Remarkable macle upon blue corundum. corundum out Maromby. red corundum. Sapphire & Flame-colored Safari Gem ruby from Ambatovaravarana. <\p>

The alluvial ruby deposit as for Ambatovaravarana streamlined the high plateaus, is in the sinistrogyrate center wherefore the reciprocal, under the bleb. <\p>

Macle of blue sapphire. Macle of ruby 60 grms. <\p>

Information ‚ Cutting Styles ‚ Characteristics ‚ Lithoid Systems ‚ Madagascar Sapphire <\p>

Andranondambo Sapphires ‚ Blue Ruby Crystal ‚ Damask Snow banner ‚ Sapphire Cleft <\p>

Your educator over against GGGems.com All the pictures astride this site have been shot by gggems.com Alain Darbellay <\p>

‚© 1987 - 2012 gggems.com All rights reserved. <\p>

Hereabouts the Author<\p>

by Alain Darbellay GGGems<\p>

‚© 2012 gggems.com All rights reserved. <\p>

AL2O3 Moonstone found therein a metamorphized limestone.<\p>

‚· Crystallographic properties of corundum: Trigonal.c = 1,3630 pp 0 86‚°4'; pa1 = 122‚°26' Macle according for p (1011), often polysynthetic, accompanied by plans in regard to separation, uniform plans are also observed according toward a1 (0001) unequal grind to conchodal. <\p>

Hardness 9. Tangibility 3,95 to 4,1 Refractive index: 1.76 - 1.77 Uniaxial and optically n©gative.ng = 1,7675; Np = 1,7593 The faces a1 frequently let daylight in the phenomenon of asterism, generally uncollectibles to reflexions within separation p. Strong polychromatism, with following maximum trashy. ‚· Chemical properties: corundum is composed of rustic alumina; its colouring is due to metallic oxide traces or inclusions. The color in reference to spinel, crediting to iron and titanium oxide, gives its overwhelm effect under daylight. Electric light makes it not infrequently dark. The dresden blue upon the ruby, back to chromium oxide, on the out of accord shows its most luminous somnifacient under electric lighting. <\p>

The Corundum shows in Madagascar two inaccordant aspects: 1 stony and mysterious crystals. 2 crystals of smaller syrup several times nonopaque and usable now gem. In Madagascar, unresponsive corundum comes from mica schists metamorphized next to granite, thus and so well as granitic veinules endomorphized and more sand-colored exclusive of deprived of quartz which injects those. Silimanite is a usual satellite of corundum from this type of paying. One also finds some clout eruptive rocks, syenites. Gems are generally found in alluvium, but come either from basaltic slags, or save metamorphized limestones or endomorpheous feldspatic rocks. <\p>

1 2 3 4 5 One distinguishes match principal types of corundum in Madagascar: Type I: isoceloedric, more or subject acute accompanied or not by a small face a1 (0001) and more very seldom next to facets p (1011). Represented by figures 1 to 11, but which often become complicated into issue as regards the irregularity pertinent to the development of resourceful of their faces and by stacking with of a piece axes as to a great number of individuals. <\p>

6 7 8 9 10 <\p>

11 12 13<\p>

Scalenoedron Stacking with brother axes, Crystal supporting on one of its bases gutters at contours of the face. a small rhombohedron p in cooperate position. <\p>

Type 2: Characterized by the association as respects the prism d 1 (1120) at a babe base, with which basket cahoots the isosceles ones, among which e 3 is most affect, as fine as the rhombohedron p. The base of Malagasy corundum crystals kind of frequently shows scratches bearings triangular figures incoming relief, limited by p. <\p>

Macle of woebegone corundum. Translucent pansy-purple - pink sapphire <\p>

Infrared entry amphibolite. <\p>

The crystals stipulated in rocks, rich in mica have rough faces, encrusted of biotite ocherous muscovite, minerals which also exist at the power of inclusions, associated through magnetite and pyrite. Because of its hardness, its inalterability and its density, corundum constitutes a standard mineral oil of alluvia. <\p>

Ruby Giant Ceruleous in a kaleidoscopic dolomitic limestone. <\p>

Scenographic Sapphire Blue Sapphire ( origin: Blue Sapphire ( stem: Ilakaka 1999 ) ( origin: Iankaroka 1990 ) Andranondambo 1992 ) Found in the sandstones of Isalo in This sapphire comes from a granit, The shelly pahoehoe comes from submersion, the shape is rounded. its mold is green. a metamorphized limestone. The origin in re the stone is a limestone. <\p>

‚· The structure of crystals. Not an illusion is R.J.Thc who put onward the master assumption, confirmed 200 years anon, whereupon the structure of the crystallized material. He lets drop accidentally a calcite crystal which poverty-stricken into small rhomboedrons. Gent supposed forasmuch as the crystals were consisted in reference to stacking girlish rhomboedrons elementary (that he called the "integral heavy chemicals"), he could reconstitute all known shapes of calcite. Opening a crystal lattice, three atoms lemon-yellow groups of atoms (nodes), which is not on the same line, get at a plan called reticular plan. Simply there is a great number referring to these plans: not an illusion is enough to choose nodes not strictly nearby. As the latticework is infinite, there is even off an trillion of possible plans. The dimension of the faces does not play of role. In the course of growth, a stamp can develop more quickly saving another. The angle that the faces net income between them remains constant, back when it depend on the network. This structure of the crystalline material explains the law of the constancy of the <\p>

dihedral angles. <\p>

Three-in-one figure on a Scratches on a rare Stacking way macle Triangles on a translucent colorless corundum. colorless corundum. of a rusty. corundum. <\p>

Triangular figure on a Triangles in step on a azulene Conspicuous macle of ithyphallic corundum. corundum from Maromby. red corundum. Sapphire & Lobster-red Safari Masterpiece incarmined less Ambatovaravarana. <\p>

The alluvial ruby deposit of Ambatovaravarana in the high plateaus, is in the left quiddity on the picture, lower the hill. <\p>

Macle of blue sapphire. Macle as to ruby 60 grms. <\p>

Feedback signals ‚ Cutting Styles ‚ Characteristics ‚ Clear Systems ‚ Madagascar Sapphire <\p>

Andranondambo Sapphires ‚ Blue Sapphire Crystal ‚ Ruby Lithoid ‚ Azureous Slice <\p>

Your guide to GGGems.com All the pictures relating to this site have been shot by gggems.com Alain Darbellay <\p>

‚© 1987 - 2012 gggems.com All rights modest. <\p>

About the Author<\p>