#gc-ms

Annona muricata L. is conventionally used to treat various ailments. This plant shows varied medicinally valuable effects like anti-cancer, anti-hermitic, anti-spasmodic,anti-convulsant,anti-pyretic, sedative, hypotensive, digestive, anti-diabetes, anti-microbial,anti- inflammatory, anti- dysenteric, andanti- rheumatic effects. The phytochemical qualitative analysis of Annona muricata leaves exhibits the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, quinines, phenols, terpenoids, coumarins, anthraquinones, steroids, phlobatannins and anthracyanine.The GC-MS analysis report shows the 22 compounds in the leaf ethanolic and hexane extract of Annona muricata by comparing retention time and interpretation of their mass spectra.

Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J.F. belongs to family Asteraceae. The presence of phytochemical compounds in the leaves of S. trilobata was evaluated using the standard procedure in methanol, acetone, ethanol and water extracts. Methanolic leaf extract of S. trilobata were analyzed for the presence of different volatile compounds by Gas chromatography-Mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) technique. There are about 14 different phytochemical constituents were identified through GC-MS analysis. The methanolic extract from S. trilobata leaves with the concentrations of 50, 75, and 100 µM were assessed for their effects against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Vibrio cholera and Escherichia coli. Both gram positive and negative bacteria produced their zone of inhibition at moderate level against S. trilobata methanolic leaf extracts.

Ants are one of the diverse groups of insects and are less explored reservoirs of many bioactive natural products, including proteins and peptides. This study was conducted to characterize the compounds of the worker ant, Leptogenys diminuta (Smith, 1857). Hence, this study will demonstrate the importance of ants as a potential source of bioactive compounds found in nature. Thirty samples of L. diminuta were extracted using hexane solution and the compounds were detected using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS), and the mass spectra of compounds were identified using the NIST08 Standard Reference Database. The analysis identified seven bioactive compounds from L. diminuta with pharmacological and industrial applications, including the first reports of the presence of 2,4-ditert-butylphenol in Ponerine worker ant’s hexane extract. Thus, more studies are needed to explore other essential natural products with various applications found in ants.

To address the rising challenge of resistance to traditional antibiotics and to bolster microbial management in the dominions of food safety and antibiotic effectiveness, recent explorations have been conducted into the bioactive phytochemicals, utilizing eco-friendly methodologies. This study focuses on the potential utility of Rhazya stricta and Azadirachta indica, indigenous plant species of Saudi Arabia, in combatting foodborne bacteria across the pharmaceutical and food sectors. The dried leaf powders of both plants underwent methanol extraction, evaporation via a rotary evaporator, and subsequent dissolving in a 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution. The bioactive constituents were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), revealing a higher presence of bioactive compounds (32 compounds) in A. indica compared to R. stricta (15 compounds). R. stricta’s methanolic extract demonstrated superior efficacy against the tested bacterial strains (Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli) compared to A. indica. These findings were compared against six antibiotics: cefoxitin (FOX), cephalothin (KF), cotrimoxazole (TS), gentamicin (GM), augmentin (AUG), and ampicillin (AP). Furthermore, both plant extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on microbial lipase, amylase, and protease enzymes. In conclusion, further investigations at the molecular and biochemical levels are warranted in future studies to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying the antibacterial efficacy of these naturally occurring plant species.