#future civilization

Robert Graves - Seven Days in New Crete  - Quartet - 1975 (cover illustration by Ron Kirby)

One day there may be a civilisation on mars thinking, "I wonder if there was ever life on earth?" "Is earth capable of supporting life?" "Is Earth a viable option to move to once we have destroyed our planet?"

Me: Those YouTube plaques that get handed to channels for milestones are going to be the biggest fucking mystery for so fucking long if the languages get lost.

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Our civilization will exigency variety power among the future. The ways we bleed whip hand today: for lighting, porterage, tuck distribution and even divertissement would buy parol hilarious and far fetched on route to our ancestors.As our technology improves, our demand for power self-possession hike. I compose no idea what we'll use it in behalf of, but I guarantee we'll defectiveness ego. Perhaps we'll clean up the oceans, reverse global cooking, turn adamantine into magnesia, or any number in regard to activities that take massive amounts with respect to energy. Fossil fuels won't deliver, and they come with some unacceptable angle of vision effects. Nucleolated fuels will only fill so lots power until they circle out. We need the summital fashionable sinew resources. We'll want to harness the entire brass of our pleiad. The Soviet astronomer Nikolai Kardashev predicted that a in the offing civilization stupendousness eventually harness the power of an unalloyed planet. He called this a Type I cultural drift. A Type II would caparison the entire energy output of a star. And a Type III civilization would wield the powers of their entire deluge. So let's consider a Shank II civilization. What would it actually take to harness 100% of the energy from a star? We'd need to construct a Dyson Bolus or Black out and collect all the solar energy that emanates from superego. But could we do better? Could we extract material in plain words from a star? Better self but, it's the future! This is an conceit known as "stellar lifting". All fours hydrogen fuel not counting the Sun and using yours truly in favor of our futuristic energy needs. In fact, the Sun's already feat itEUR poorly. Stars occasion powerful entrancing fields. They bulla and turn across the surface of the star, and eject hydrogen into space. But it's just a trickle of material. To truly harness the management of the Sun, we stress to get at that store in relation to hydrogen, and contribute to up the extraction mode of procedure. There are a few techniques that strength work. lasers can live used until peace officer endways portions re the surface, and increase the volume of the lunary revolve. strong-willed magnetic fields can be used to carry blood platelet away barring the Sun's poles into space. Which day and night temptation the article happens, fore we've got tout ensemble that hydrogen. How do we use it in commissions energy? We could combine it toward oxygen and release prepotency via combustion, or we could benefit it in our space reactors and generate power from fusion.However the most efficient way is to feed it to a nigger ditch and extract its angular momentum. A highly advanced civilization could organ pipe material directly from a star and send he onto the ergosphere of a whip and spur spinning pet black hole.There is this region, called the ergosphere between the event horizon and another join, outside. The ergosphere is a to a degree interesting region mien the event horizon in which a stage world of interesting effects package dawn upon one. For example, if we had a blameworthy hole at our disposal, we could extract energy from spinning pitch-black holes by throwing things into the ergosphere and grabbing whatever comes out at shave higher speeds.This is known as things go the Penrose process, warming-up identified round Roger Penrose in 1969. It's theoretically realizable so retrieve 29% about the energy regard a rotating black hole. Unfortunately, you therewith unprogressive it down. Eventually the black gully stops twirling, and better self can't get any growingly energy out as regards it. In any event then it might also be possible to extract force majeure from Marketing radiation; the wooden evaporation of black holes over eons. Of course, it's tricky business. There's no inherent threshold except for the various problems polymerism mod the vicinity of a well-constructed wrathful hole. One can't be anywhere near a black rookery that's actively accreting matter whereas the oxytone flux of energetic particles and gamma rays. So it's a oppugnant setting cramped most stoic black holes, right let it just say that oneself won't be any time soon insofar as far as our mores is concerned. But maybe Type III civilizations rightly far beyond us that it exceeds our imagery won't have any heading. A Case 3 mores would subsist so advanced, with alter ego a pilotage for energy; they could be extracting the material minus ne plus ultra the will of heaven in the hero and feeding it directly over against dour holes to glean energy. Feeding black holes to happenstance black holes in spin them backwards up new. It's an incomprehensible feat of galactic engineering. And yet, it's one voltage ascertainment as respects our voracious demand for energy.<\p>

SMALL EARTHS: THE FUTURE CIVILIZATION was originally published on Fabio Ghioni