Exec Format Error: Why It Happens and How to Resolve It
An "exec format error" is a runtime issue that occurs when your system attempts to execute a file that's not compatible with its current architecture or lacks the proper execution metadata. It's most often seen when trying to run a binary built for a different platform—like running an x86_64 binary on an ARM device.
This error can also be triggered by scripts that don’t start with a valid shebang (e.g., #!/bin/bash or #!/usr/bin/env python3). Without it, the OS doesn't know which interpreter to use and fails to execute the script.
To fix it, start by checking the file with file filename to determine its type and target architecture. Then compare it with your system's architecture using uname -m. For scripts, make sure the shebang is correct and the file has execute permissions (chmod +x). If the binary is for a different architecture, you'll need to compile it for your current system or run it using a compatible container or emulator like QEMU.
