#evolutionary dynamics

Urban complexity. The case of Bolzano, South Tyrol, Italy.

Introduction

Bolzano, capital of South Tyrol in northern Italy, has around 106,000 inhabitants. During the gradual decline of the Romans’ influence in the 7th century, Bavarian immigration took place and so the German populations have been present in this region since that time. Until the 1st World War, South Tyrol was part of the Austrian-Hungaric Empire, with around 29,000 German inhabitants…

Chapter 5 is dedicated to the best game in town, the Prisoner’s Dilemma.  The cooperation of reproducing entities is essential for evolutionary progress.  Genes cooperate to form a genome.  Cells cooperate to produce multicellular organisms.  Individuals cooperate to form groups and societies.  The emergence of human culture is a cooperative enterprise.  The very problem of how to obtain cooperation by natural selection is described by the Prisoner’s Dilemma.  In the absence of any other assumption, natural selection favors defectors over cooperators.  Cooperation has a chance, however, if there are repeated interactions between the same two individuals.  We will encounter the strategy Tit-for-tat, which is defeated first by Generous Tit-for-tat and then by Win-stay, lose-shift.

Can Cities Change Earth’s Evolution?

by Adam Frank

When Charles Darwin first taught us how to think about evolution, he also was teaching us to think about time. By allowing natural selection to work over millions of years, what might seem like a divine miracle (the creation of a new kind of animal) became something much more grounded (though equally wondrous).

But what if evolutionary change could operate much faster? What if…

Can Cities Change Earth’s Evolution?

by Adam Frank

When Charles Darwin first taught us how to think about evolution, he also was teaching us to think about time. By allowing natural selection to work over millions of years, what might seem like a divine miracle (the creation of a new kind of animal) became something much more grounded (though equally wondrous).

But what if evolutionary change could operate much faster? What if…

New Plan of Attack in Cancer Fight: Two-Drug Combination, Under Certain Circumstances, Can Eliminate Disease

http://earthchangesmedia.com/new-plan-of-attack-in-cancer-fight-two-drug-combination-under-certain-circumstances-can-eliminate-disease

New research conducted by Harvard scientists is laying out a road map to one of the holy grails of modern medicine: a cure for cancer.

As described in a paper recently published in eLife, Martin Nowak, a professor of mathematics and of biology and director of the…

New Plan of Attack in Cancer Fight: Two-Drug Combination, Under Certain Circumstances, Can Eliminate Disease

http://earthchangesmedia.com/new-plan-of-attack-in-cancer-fight-two-drug-combination-under-certain-circumstances-can-eliminate-disease

New research conducted by Harvard scientists is laying out a road map to one of the holy grails of modern medicine: a cure for cancer.

As described in a paper recently published in eLife, Martin Nowak, a professor of mathematics and of biology and director of the…

New Plan of Attack in Cancer Fight: Two-Drug Combination, Under Certain Circumstances, Can Eliminate Disease

http://earthchangesmedia.com/new-plan-of-attack-in-cancer-fight-two-drug-combination-under-certain-circumstances-can-eliminate-disease

New research conducted by Harvard scientists is laying out a road map to one of the holy grails of modern medicine: a cure for cancer.

As described in a paper recently published in eLife, Martin Nowak, a professor of mathematics and of biology and director of the…