#dyslipidaemia

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) have just published the new international recommendations for managing dyslipidaemias. They were presented at the Annual Cardiology Congress held in Madrid from August 29th to September 1st, 2025. These guidelines stem from a collaborative effort by international experts, led by Professor François Mach, Head…

Obesity in adults is a substantial risk factor for metabolic syndrome. Even in normoglycaemic, non-hypertensive people, central fat distribution affects the lipid profile and causes atherogenic dyslipidemia.

As a result, the current study's goal is to investigate lipid profile changes in non-obese hypertension participants. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia are three major risk factors for a lipid profile that is out of whack. Obesity is defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat caused by a persistent or periodic positive energy balance in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure [1]. Overweight indicators can help in the diagnosis and treatment of obesity in both children and adults.

Materials and Methods: This study focused on newly diagnosed cases of essential hypertension who visited the M.G.M. Medical College, Kisanganj, medical outdoor. To rule out any systemic or other disorders that could alter blood lipid levels directly or indirectly, a thorough clinical examination, including laboratory testing, was performed.

The link between dyslipidemia, obesity, and hypertension is well documented, and all three have been identified as key risk factors for the development of CAD, which is a main cause of physician visits and death.

Conclusion: We conducted this study to determine the influence of obesity on lipid profile profile in hypertension patients exclusively, not the general population, and we discovered some distinct but contradictory consequences. These include that in obesity with hypertension, total and LDL cholesterol, as well as HDL cholesterol, are reduced, but the value of VLDL cholesterol and triglycerides, on the other hand, is grossly and dramatically elevated. These findings have two major clinical implications: obese hypertensives are more likely to develop metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and steps should be taken to prevent these conditions. In addition to statins, obese hypertensives should be treated with fibrates, fat restriction, and physical activity.

Diabetic dyslipidaemia is the bane of most complications seen in diabetes mellitus. The aim of our study is to determine the levels of apolipoprotein B-100 among diabetic adults and non-diabetic control; and its relationship with the traditional lipid profile parameters.

A total of 58 subjects including 30 diabetic patients and 28 non-diabetic controls selected from diabetic clinic and immunization centres respectively. Subjects were randomly selected, examined clinically and have their anthropometric parameters measured. Lipid profile was assayed using standard enzymatic spectrophotometric methods while serum apolipoprotein B-100 was measured using sandwich immunoassay technique. Data were expressed in means and standard deviations. Differences in means between the two groups were assessed using Student T-test and relationships tested using Pearson’s correlation study. Mean ages of diabetic and non-diabetic groups were 57.7±7.4 and 49.3± 17.9 years respectively (p>0.05). Statistical differences exist in the age, weight, BMI, and blood pressure between the two study groups. Serum apolipoprotein B-100 in the diabetic and non-diabetic controls were 84.9±58.8 and 67.6±44.3 mg/dl respectively (p<0.05). A weak positive correlation exists between serum apolipoprotein B-100 and haemoglobin A1c (r=0.420; p=0.021) while a strong positive correlation exists between apolipoprotein B-100 and LDL-cholesterol (r=0.702, p=0.001); apolipoprotein B-100 and non-HDL-cholesterol (r=0.690; p=0.001) and apolipoprotein B-100 and total cholesterol (r=0.688; p=0.001).  Elevated apolipoprotein B-100 is a biochemical feature in poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. There is a positive relationship between apolipoprotein B-100 and total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and nonHDL-cholesterol. We advise the adoption of apolipoprotein B-100 as a routine test in the evaluation of diabetic dyslipidaemia among the diabetic patients.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Tomisin Matthew Adaja Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Medical Sciences, Laje Campus, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Dr. Matilda Adesuwa O. Ojo Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, University of Medical Sciences, Laje Campus, Ondo City, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Dr. Clarisee Noel Ayina Ayina University of Douala, Department of Biology of Animal Organisms, Douala, Cameroon.

The addition of orlistat may further improve LDL phenotype in overweight/obese patients.

Amplify’d from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2010 Nov;8(6):820-30.

Effect of non-statin lipid lowering and anti-obesity drugs on LDL subfractions in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia.

Florentin M, Tselepis AD, Elisaf MS, Rizos CV, Mikhailidis DP, Liberopoulos EN.

Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention clinics), Royal Free campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK.

Abstract

Small, dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL) particles are considered an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Obese patients with mixed dyslipidaemia frequently have elevated sdLDL cholesterol (sdLDL-C) levels. Therefore, agents that favourably modulate the LDL phenotype may be of clinical value in these patients. We review the efficacy of anti-obesity and lipid lowering drugs other than statins on LDL subfractions in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia primarily focusing on those who are overweight/obese. The literature search was based on PubMed listings up to 26 November 2009. In most studies ezetimibe decreases the large and medium LDL subclasses and, to a lesser extent, the sdLDL particles, while it does not substantially influence LDL size. Fibrates and niacin reduce sdLDL particles and shift LDL size towards large, buoyant LDL particles. More studies are needed to elucidate the effects of fish oils and resins on LDL phenotype. Orlistat and rimonabant have been associated with reductions in sdLDL-C levels along with an increase in LDL particle size. We did not find any literature describing the effect of sibutramine on sdLDL profile. Treatment with fibrates and niacin seems to be beneficial in patients with mixed dyslipidaemia. The addition of orlistat may further improve LDL phenotype in overweight/obese patients.

Read more at www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov