#directory synchronization

Directory Synchronisation http://wp.me/p3pMwW-fs

Directory Synchronisation Brief Overview of Directory Synchronisation (DirSync)

The Windows Azure Active(AD) Directory Synchronisation Tool is an application that synchronises the on premises Active Directory with Microsoft Online Services. This allows services like Office 365 to provision the user structure for migration to the cloud.

It is good practice to install this tool on only one…

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Rsnapshot is a simple and powerful backup tool used for local or remote file and directory synchronization over rsync with differential backup support. Why not just use rsync? With rsync you would have to write your own scripts, usually using with complex logic to handle file rotation, errors, resource consumption etc, while rsnapshot has already been written for you- it`s a well-known, stable, easy-maintenance utility that's already included in many Linux distributions by default.

In this article, I`ll show you how to make a remote backup of your files with rsnapshot and a remote sudo user. In the examples below my computer will have a full name "webserver.domain.com" and the backup will be stored on the remote machine "backupserver.domain.com". Both of them have CentOs 6 running, with SSH setup on non-standard port 30656. There is a special user "snapshot" created only for backup purposes, with write permission on the backup folder of backupserver.domain.com.

We have several sites hosted on webserver.domain.com, so we need to backup the folders located under /var/www/home with some user files, and /etc folder with system configuration files. Altogether, they are using approximately 20 Gb of disk space, and I`d like to creat a backup copy every 2 months, 4 weeks, 7 days, and 12 hours. In usual cases of full-size file backups, we would need to allocate 20*25=500 Gb. However with the differential backup, I would only need 40 Gb of free disk space on the remote server for files that don't need to be modified, or 60 - 80 Gb for more dynamic and frequently modified content.

First, we need to authorize our backup server on the web server with ssh keys. On both server shells, I`ll run a command to create the backup user:

adduser snapshot

Enable "sudo" for snapshot:

nano /etc/sudoers

Add this line:

snapshot ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/rsync

Now, log in to backup.domain.com with a root or sudoer account, and change the user:

su snapshot

Then, still on backup.domain.com, create the keys for the user (leave the passphrase empty):

ssh-keygen -t rsa

Send a copy of the public key from the backup to the web server:

ssh-copy-id '-p 30656 [email protected]'

In the commands above you must replace "snapshot" with your backup user name, and the webserver.domain.com with fqdn or IP-address of your server. If you have a SSH daemon running on the standard port, just remove single-quotes, and the "-p 30656" option.

Check the connection:

ssh -p 30656 [email protected]

If you successfully login without a password, run

uname --nodename webserver.domain.com

That`s it! We can now install and setup rsnapshot, let`s go back to the local shell:

exit

On backupserver.domain.com shell, run:

yum install rsnapshot

Create a backup storage directory:

mkdir /var/rsnapshot chown snapshot:snapshot /var/rsnapshot

Now, edit your rsnapshot config file. In this file, you must use tabs to separate the options, and use regular spaces between the option and its value. For example, in "ssh_args -p 30656", use tab before the "-p" and space after "-p".

nano /etc/rsnapshot.conf

Move the pid file to a directory writable by our user (or you can change permissions on /var/run for the rsnapshot user):

lockfile /home/snapshot/rsnapshot.pid

Change a path to the backup folder, with the necessary slash at the end of a path:

snapshot_root /var/rsnapshot/

Uncomment the paths to system utilities (usually it`s already done by system maintainers):

cmd_rm /bin/rm cmd_rsync /usr/bin/rsync cmd_ssh /usr/bin/ssh

If you're not sure, you can check the paths with the "whereis" command.

Define the numbers of backup snapshots:

retain hourly 12 retain daily 7 retain weekly 4 retain monthly 2

Uncomment and edit the next line to define the non-standard SSH port and identity file:

ssh_args -p 30656 -i /home/snapshot/.ssh/id_rsa

Define the main feature to use sudo:

rsync_short_args -a rsync_long_args --delete --numeric-ids --relative --delete-excluded --rsync-"sudo rsync"

Under the BACKUP POINTS / SCRIPTS section add the lines of our webserver backups (remember to use tabs, not spaces):

backup [email protected]:/var/www/ webserver.domain.com backup [email protected]:/home/ webserver.domain.com backup [email protected]:/etc/ webserver.domain.com

Check out our configuration:

rsnapshot configtest Syntax OK

Now let`s run the first backup:

rsnapshot hourly

Check for content and size in the backup folder /var/rsnapshot:

du -hc /var/rsnapshot

The files should be in place and it`s almost ready. Every "snapshot" is just a folder, so you can restore files by copying them with scp.

The last step is to add a crontabs for rsnapshot:

crontab -e @hourly root /usr/bin/rsnapshot hourly @daily root /usr/bin/rsnapshot daily @weekly root /usr/bin/rsnapshot weekly @monthly root /usr/bin/rsnapshot monthly

Should be everything! Now you know how to set up a secure, convenient, and lightweight backup system.

Rsnapshot also has advanced options and settings, like bandwidth-limit, lvm-snapshot usage, and many othersthat you can find within the configuration file comments. Be sure to check those out! Thanks for reading. Follow @serversuit and like us to stay updates with more articles.

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New Post has been published on http://o365info.com/directory-synchronization-links-resources/

Directory synchronization - Links and Resources

The following post includes many useful links to: articles, videos and tools that relate to the Directory synchronization server\service in an Office 365 environment.

The Directory synchronization was crated for enabling a synchronization of the on-Premises Active Directory to the Windows Azure Active Directory.

Directory synchronization in Office 365 environment

For medium and large organizations, the task of managing two separated users directory can consider as complicated and non-efficient. The Directory synchronization enables us to mimic a “one directory environment” by replicating the on-Premises Active Directory objects such as users, group contact, etc. to the cloud. The outcome is that the user and group management is implemented via the on-Premises Active Directory and, all of the updates are replicated to the cloud (Windows Azure Active Directory). The installation of the Directory synchronization server (Windows Azure Active Directory Sync tool ) is quite simple, but it’s very important that we understand how this “thing” work and what the logic of the Directory synchronization is.

In a scenario in which we did not implement the required preparations such as: adding the organization public domain name to the on-Premises Active Directory and, set the required UPN (User Principal Name) for the on-Premises Active Directory users, the results could be a wrong synchronization process and the process of “fixing the problem” could be quite complicated and no so simple.

My point is that like each of the reset of the Office 365 service and component, we will need to allocate the required resources for learning about the Directory synchronization server\service, plan headed for the Directory synchronization installation, implement the pre requirements, learn of to monitor the synchronization process, deal with a troubleshooting scenarios of synchronization problems and so on.

To be able to save your precious time, I have collected many relevant sources of information that relate to Directory synchronization.

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Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Plan

Hybrid Migration | Get familiar with Directory synchronization

Articles Links table Migration to Office 365 | General information Planning Directory Synchronization Prepare for directory synchronization The Directory Sync tool can now be installed on a Domain Controller! Directory synchronization roadmap

Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Pre deployment tasks

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy | Pre deployment tasks Add User Principal Name Suffixes User names of users in your organizational account such as Office 365, Windows Azure, or Windows Intune don’t match the on-premises UPNs

Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy  | Download  and install Manage Windows Azure AD using Windows PowerShell Install or upgrade the Directory Sync tool Download and Install DirSync – Microsoft Download Center Installing and configuring Active Directory Synchronization

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy | Soft Match How to use SMTP matching to match on-premises user accounts to Office 365 user accounts for directory synchronization Soft Match with new domain

Video Links Table Ignite Webcast – Understanding DirSync Info In our latest Ignite Webcast, we will give you an overview of what dirsync is, what the requirements are, and the different options that are available for dirsync. We’ll also cover coexistence and some key deployment considerations. We are excited to have our host and Office 365 Architect, Daniel Kenyon-Smith, back for this session. Office 365 Identity Management options Info Office 365 offers a whole range of different identity management options that allow you to use Office 365 as YOU wish. In this session you will learn everything there is to know about User Accounts, Provisioning, Single Sign On and experience how Windows Azure AD can become your next best friend! Office 365 Identity Management Info As you move to the cloud with Microsoft Office 365, your directory moves there as well. Your organization’s directory lists all the people who you can collaborate with using Office 365 and it enables users to log in and authenticate themselves. This session introduces you to Office 365 Identity Management with a focus on how user accounts are synchronized with other repositories. It is aimed at those who work with Office 365 and need to understand the scope of Identity Management and the capabilities available to an Office 365 IT Administrator

Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Management

Articles Links table Best Practices for Deploying and Managing the Windows Azure Active Directory Sync Tool Get directory synchronization working Directory synchronization roadmap List of attributes that are synced by the Windows Azure Active Directory Sync tool FAQ – Directory Synchronization tool Office 365 DirSync Content Map Windows Azure AD Community Information Center

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy | Post deployment tasks How to force directory synchronization with Azure Dirsync? Prepare to provision users through directory synchronization to Office 365 Synchronizing your directory with Office 365 is easy

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Management | Filtering Configure filtering for directory synchronization User soft-delete and Dirsync filtering enabled Installing and Configure DirSync with OU level filtering for Office365

Articles Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Management | Password Synchronization DirSync/Windows Azure AD Password Sync Frequently Asked Questions Implement Password Synchronization New Azure Active Directory Sync tool with Password Sync is now available

Video Links Table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy | Video Links Configuring DirSync with Password Sync Info DirSync can synchronize a customers on-premises Active Directory to Windows Azure Active Directory where it can be used by Office 365. This video will show how to configure the synchronization and how to enable users to log into Office 365 using the same username and password as they use to log onto the corporate Active Directory. Office 365 Administration for Small Business: (03) Office 365 Single Sign-On, DirSync and ADFS Info What is DirSync and ADFS? Watch this section to understand what these elements are and how to create them. [00:49] – Lync Online Overview [20:27] – System Requirements [22:20] – DNS & Network Settings [24:42] – Lync Online Configurations [32:50] – Setup Domain Federation, Public IM, Dial In Conerencing Configuring DirSync and Single Sign On with ADFS – Part 1 Info In this 300 level session, you will learn the various options for managing identities, authorization, and authentication with Office 365 and Windows Azure Active Directory. We’ll review the considerations involved in understanding a customer environment and the implications for choosing what authentication method to use. We will demonstrate how to assess and prepare the on-premises Active Directory for synchronization with Windows Azure Active Directory, and will show how to configure Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) and the Directory Synchronization (DirSync) appliance. Finally, we will discuss directory synchronization best practices and how to troubleshoot common synchronization problems, equipping you to see an Office 365 directory synchronization project through to completion. Configuring DirSync and Single Sign On with ADFS – Part 2 Info In this 300 level session, you will learn the various options for managing identities, authorization, and authentication with Office 365 and Windows Azure Active Directory. We’ll review the considerations involved in understanding a customer environment and the implications for choosing what authentication method to use. We will demonstrate how to assess and prepare the on-premises Active Directory for synchronization with Windows Azure Active Directory, and will show how to configure Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) and the Directory Synchronization (DirSync) appliance. Finally, we will discuss directory synchronization best practices and how to troubleshoot common synchronization problems, equipping you to see an Office 365 directory synchronization project through to completion.

Video Links Table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Deploy | Virtual Academy | Video Links 01 | Install and Configure Active Directory Synchronization Info In this module you will learn how to install and configure Active Directory Synchronization. This is a self paced interactive learning experience. When module is completed make sure you return to this page to continue with the next module. 02 | Prepare for Active Directory Federation Services Info This module provides and insight on how to prepare your environment for Active Directory Federation Services. This is a self paced interactive learning experience. When module is completed make sure you return to this page to continue with the next module. 03 | Install and Configure Active Directory Federation Services Info In this module you will see how to installing and configuring Active Directory Federation Services. This is a self paced interactive learning experience. When module is completed make sure you return to this page to continue with the next module. 04 | Verifying Federated Domains Info This module covers adding and verifying Federated Domains. This is a self paced interactive learning experience.

Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Troubleshooting

Articles Links table Office 365 Service Accounts–How do I stop DIRSYNC from breaking every 90 days How to troubleshoot Windows Azure Active Directory Sync Tool installation and Configuration Wizard error messages in Office 365 Troubleshoot directory synchronization You can’t sync the SystemMailbox or DiscoveryMailboxSearch accounts by using the Windows Azure Active Directory Sync tool Filter support in the Microsoft Online Services Directory Synchronization Tool Troubleshoot directory synchronization Get directory synchronization working How to use SMTP matching to match on-premises user accounts to Office 365 user accounts for directory synchronization Changes aren’t synced to Windows Azure AD after you change the UPN of an on-premises user account to use a different SSO-enabled domain suffix Help…DirSync error – unable to change UPN on target account How to troubleshoot deleted user accounts in Office 365 Windows Azure Active Directory Sync Tool stops syncing or returns messages that sync hasn’t run in more than a day You can’t manage or remove objects that were synced from the on-premises Active Directory Domain Services to Windows Azure On-Premises Active directory

Tools Links table IdFix DirSync Error Remediation Tool InfoIdFix is used to perform discovery and remediation of identity objects and their attributes in an on-premises Active Directory environment in preparation for migration to Office 365. IdFix is intended for the Active Directory administrators responsible for DirSync with the Office 365 service ADModify.NET InfoADModify.NET is a tool primarily utilized by Exchange and Active Directory administrators to facilitate bulk user attribute modifications.

PowerShell Scripts Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) | Troubleshooting | PowerShell Scripts Microsoft Office 365: DirSync – Count Total Synchronized Objects Info ‘DirSync – Count Total Synchronized Objects’ shows total counts of users, groups, contacts, and grand total objects by extracting the FIM SourceAD Connector Space data to an XML file named SourceAD.xml.When an object makes its way past the Office 365 DirSync filters, they become DirSync “Busted Users” Report Info This script generates a CSV list of users who are failing to export to Azure AD. It requires the FimSyncPowerShellModule and must be executed by an account in the FIMSyncAdmins group on the DirSync server.Below is a sample of the output:More information can be found here: DirSync Report Info This script gathers DirSync information from various locations and reports to the screen. Known Issues (Nov 5 2013):1) All commands, including SQL queries run as the local user. This may cause issues on locked-down SQL deployments.2) For remote SQL installations, the SQL PowerS Fix Empty DisplayName Attribute for On-premises Mail-Enabled Groups Info This script verifies displayName property for mail-enabled groups. This script allows you to export mail-enabled groups that have empty display name or questionable characters. After you correct the displayName of these groups, you can use this script to import them to the AD. Office 365 – Search Users with ProxyAddresses Matching a String Info There may come a time when you are required to query for all users in your Office 365 tenant whose proxyAddresses attribute matches a specific string, such as a domain suffix. This script sample will help get you started with this type of query. Sync Primary Email Address and UPN PowerShell Info A PowerShell script that I’m using in most of my Office 365 projects where I often need to change UPN to includ a public routable domain. The easiest way of doing this is to copy the primary email address to the UserPrincipalName attribute.

PowerShell Scripts Links table Directory synchronization (DirSync) |  PowerShell Scripts Change user UPN Info Change the user UPN (User Principal Name) Change UPN Info This script can be used for changing the UPN for bulk users based on a CSV File. I used this while migrating users mailboxes from On-Premise to Office365 where its mandatory to have UPN and Email to be the same. Change On Premise Active Directory UserPrincipalName (UPN) Info Under some scenarios IT administrators may need to wholesale change the UPN suffix for all or a large group of users within an Active Directory. This script can be used to replace one provided string in the UPN suffix if found with another provided string How Can I Assign a New UPN to All My Users? Info Hey, CH. The UPN (or User Principal Name) provides an alternate way of logging on to a domain. Typically you log onto a domain by pressing Ctrl-Alt-Delete, typing in your user name, domain name, and password, and then pressing ENTER. With a UPN, you don’t enter separate user and names, instead you enter a user name similar to this: