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Intermingling of the ether diffusive flux vortices of individual nucleons in: a) the triplet state deuteron (s = 1), b) the singlet state deuteron (s = 0), and c) the singlet state helium-4 nucleus (s = 0); N: neutron and P: proton. The Cosmic Ether: Introduction to Subquantum Kinetics by Paul A. LaViolette, Space, Propulsion & Energy Sciences International Forum - 2012

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The Gravitational Waves Reflection Analysis (Revised)

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Analysis (Revised) or Paper 1st hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planet motion e

Paper 1st hypothesis

The gravitational waves are produced by the planet motion energy and Not by the gravitational field- Moreover- the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field -Shortly- the planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy is stored in the space as moving waves – these are the gravitational waves- also the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system and the wave reflection causes to square the wave velocity

Paper 2nd hypothesis

The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays– Because

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsnHYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"&HYPERLINK "https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83"ei=83

This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I claim the sun rays are produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion process- also –No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states.

Paper 3rd hypothesis

The planets Motions use different rates of time – the rate of time depends on the velocities rate – example- Mercury velocity = 1.6 the Earth velocity because of that (One Second Of Mercury Clock = 1.6 Seconds Of The Earth Clock)

Paper 4th hypothesis

Neptune motion caused to create relativistic effects in the solar system because

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

the new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light-

and the gravitational waves move by speed of light but Neptune caused to decrease the wave speed by 1% and by that the speed be equal 99% of speed of light (=297000 km/s) which caused to created relativistic effects in the solar system- also- Neptune caused to create two wave reflections in the outer planets which one reflection only was enough- means- if Neptune is removed from the solar system the wave reflections in the outer planets will be one reflection only and not two reflections

Paper Main Argument

The Physicist Vision Contradicts The Nature System

I study the solar system Geometry since long years- and- I have found the physicist and astronomer can't understand the solar system designer vision– in fact their vision contradict the designer vision- let's prove that in following

The Physicist Vision

The physicist supposes that there's (a unit of building)- by that- the physicist sees the mass (for example) as wall and this wall is consisted of bricks (small similar units) and for that the physicist searched for this (unit) because it's the (unit) by which the wall is building (the mass is building)– this is the physicist thinking direction- he believed there's a small unit by which the great building is built

For that the physicist searched and found the particle and then the particle is divided into Molecules then the Molecule is divided into atoms and the atom is divided into nucleus and electron moves around and the nucleus is divided into proton and Neutron- and the proton is divided into quarks …etc

The physicist searches for the building unit- the unit by which the building is built – or the unit by which the mass is built – for that the physicist divides (any thing) to see its contents till reach to the unit which can be used as the building unit.

The Designer Vision

The designer aims to create integration- as the marriage – male and female- the relationship will cause to give birth for a child

INTEGRATION this is the word inside the designer Mind

No building unit- the marriage answers- because in marriage both (male and female) are required and no one of them better than the other – both work together and give equal effects on the same one process and give together one result- I explain the idea by the marriage because it's easy to understand- I want to put the word (Integration) as the basic concept in the designer mind.

And

I want to explain how the physicist causes fatal error for the research method

While the physicist divides the elements one after one (from matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) this division from out into inner till reach to very small unit which he considered the building unit – that causes to destroy the geometrical design of the integration process

Let's return to the marriage- the marriage requires two players (male and female)- they have different bodies and the process give birth for children- Suppose we remove one player what would happen? (where can we find a woman pregnant by herself?)

I want to say- the division from (matter to particle to molecule to atom to proton to quarks …etc) destroys the general geometrical design which uses the integration process- let's give other examples

Example No. (1)

Einstein told us (He can't find slightest meaning for the word SPACE) by that he can't define (what's the space) and also he found the space has no mechanical features because no definition causes these features – this is the physicist vision - Let's see the designer vision

Planet moves and its motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and where's the energy? the planet can't store its motion energy inside its body because this energy would raise the planet temperature and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- so- where's the planet motion energy? logically we suppose that- the energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- the planet moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space (as the fish swims in the sea and its motion creates waves in the sea water) similar to that the planet motion produces energy and this energy creates waves in the space- by that we can define the space and conclude the space nature and features- simply we conclude the space has mechanical features because the energy is stored in the space as moving waves- the gravitational waves prove the space has motion- why we can solve the question which Einstein couldn't solve? Because he supposed the planet is independent from the space- the integration concept is not known by him

Notice

The waves are produced by the planet motion energy are the gravitational waves, the paper first hypothesis proves these waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field also the hypothesis proves the Sun doesn't produce a gravitational field.

More examples are provided after the hypotheses explanations

PAPER FIRST HYPOTHESIS

Paper first hypothesis

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the gravitational field (Moreover the sun is not producing a gravitational field) and

The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system (from Pluto and Neptune to Saturn) and (From Uranus to Jupiter) and (from Venus to Mars) –

The gravitational waves reflection causes changes in the planets data- and these changes are repeated with each reflection- means- these changes are found by rules because it's repeated with each reflection clearly- that shows the planets use similar behaviors to create their data which proves one reason causes to create all this data

Also- the wave energy reflection causes to square the wave velocity – the velocity square is the most important feature of the energy reflection because it enables the waves to move by speed of light- that explains how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light in the solar system- the motion by speed of light is produced only by the wave energy reflection (and without the reflection this motion can't be done)

Paper 1st hypothesis (The objective of the hypothesis)

I prove that the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and these waves are reflected in the solar system three time and the reflection of the wave energy causes to square the wave velocity (the velocity squaring is the important feature I prove in the paper because the light beam is reflected but its speed is NOT squared and that means the wave velocity squaring is feature of the space) and it's very important to prove the wave velocity is squared by the reflection because this process enables the waves to move by speed of light and that explains how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light – as this new article states

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- here I explain how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light (please note the article still believes the gravitational waves are produced by the gravitational field – I refuse this idea – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies but the article states that the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam and I accept this idea and I explain and prove how the gravitational waves can move by speed of light)

Paper 1st hypothesis Proof (The Proving Method)

I compare between the planets data in the three reflections of the wave- I put the planets data in comparison to each other for each reflection to prove the planets use similar behaviors to define their data and this similar behavior proves one force (or one reason) is found behind- and this one reason is the wave energy reflection which causes to create all this data –

The wave energy reflection effect on the solar system design (A Summary)

The reflections cause defined changes in the planets data – and

The most important change is (the wave velocity square) – and this velocity squaring is very important because it enable the gravitational waves to move by speed of light – the motion by speed of light is very effective on the solar system design because it defines the planets distribution between the sun and Pluto– this fact is explained in point no. (**)

Paper 1st hypothesis Explanation and Proof Discussion

The explanation is discussed in two parts

1ST PART

I- Preface

II- The Comparison

III- The explanation of the wave energy reflection effect on the solar system design

2nd PART

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Detailed Discussion

(Paper 1st hypothesis Explanation) 1ST PART

I- Preface

(1)

Planet Motion Energy Analysis

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity

(2)

These Waves Are The Gravitational Waves (My Hypothesis)

Mans- the waves are produced by the planets motions energies- these waves are the gravitational waves- it's my paper 1st hypothesis- the gravitational waves are not produced by the gravitational field (moreover the sun doesn't produce a gravitational field) instead the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies

AND

The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit)

AND

In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit-

Note- The moon and the Earth revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity is considered equal the Earth velocity relative to (the sun) –

The 1st Conclusion

The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space

Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves -

Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why?

The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

(3)

The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field

The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following

(i)

The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time-

(ii)

No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity–Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner structure and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-

Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions.

(iii)

The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-

(iv)

The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it

Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation)

d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example (1) Venus orbital distance (108.2)^2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3)

d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance

d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance

50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

Example (2) Saturn orbital distance (1433)^2= 4 x 778.6 x 655

d= 1433 million km = Saturn Orbital Distance

d0= 778.6 million km = Jupiter Orbital Distance

655million km=The Distance Between Saturn And Jupiter Saturn Depends On Jupiter

Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition.

Notice

Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation)

Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth-

(v)

Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the paper abstract- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Conclusion

The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

(4)

The Wave Reflection Trajectory

Let's remember what we know till now

(a)

Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy creates waves in the space and each wave moves by its planet velocity- these waves move toward Pluto (perpendicular on the revolution direction) and in Pluto orbit these waves are unified into one unified wave moves by velocity = the planets velocities total = 205.8 km/s

Means- while the planets revolve around the sun in their orbits by their velocities- there's one unified wave revolves around the sun moving by 205.8 km/s and this unified wave revolves around The Sun In Pluto Orbit-this unified wave is The Gravitational Wave

Now- this unified wave is reflected from Pluto to Venus orbit- Means- the unified wave is reflected and sent from Pluto to Neptune to the next planets till reach Venus

The unified wave is reflected three times in the solar system

(from Pluto and Neptune to Saturn) and

(from Uranus and Jupiter) and

(from Venus to Mars)

With each reflection of the wave defined changes are done for the planets data

But let's refer to the general design behind these three reflections in following

(b)

We remember this new article

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam-

My hypothesis tells (the reflection of energy causes to square the wave velocity)

Let's put the ideas beside one another to see the general design

The gravitational waves can move by speed of light AND can produce a light beam – How?? if the motion is done by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) how can this motion produce a light beam? Because the light beam is produced from the value (C^2 = squared speed of light) – here we see the energy reflection effect- the wave moves by speed of light and when this wave is reflected its velocity is squared and produced the value (C^2 = squared speed of light) from which the light beam is created-

Means

The machine needs one reflection to change the speed from (speed of light C=30000 km/s to the value C^2 =squared speed of light) and by that the light beam is created

Now – let's ask -

How can the wave moves by speed of light?

We remember- the one unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves in Pluto orbit with velocity 205.8 km/s – how can this gravitational wave moves by speed of light?

By another reflection of energy – let's see that in following

300000 km/s = (205.8 km/s)^2 x 7.1

This equation tells

The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities

(205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s

Means the gravitational wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s

BUT

If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1

Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1

BUT

The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect

The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light)

That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

Here we see clearly that

The machine needs one energy reflection only to accelerate the wave velocity from 205.8 km/s to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

And

The machine needs one more reflection only to change the wave speed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to (C^2 =squared speed of light) by which the light beam is created

Shortly -the machine needs only two reflections of energy to produce the light beam from the gravitational waves motions

Now – let's ask– Why Are There Three Reflections Of Energy In The Solar System? If The Machine Needs Just Two Reflections Why The Machine Uses Three Reflections?

Because of Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion- Neptune caused to repeat the energy reflection and by that the solar system uses 2 reflections in the outer planets and one reflection in the inner planets- this result is done by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion – as explained in details in the third hypothesis.

(c)

Please note- the two reflections in the outer planets are done to produce a result of one reflection only and for that the two reflections are complementary one another as we will discuss- shortly- we can say there's one unified reflection of the wave in the outer planets and one single reflection of the wave in the inner planets because the two reflections in the outer planets are complementary each other and produce a result of one reflection only – spite of that- the planets data prove clearly there are three reflections in the solar system- means- while the wave reflections are three they do effect of two reflections only – as we will discuss in details in following

(5)

The Wave Acceleration Process

Now we know the unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s and this wave is accelerated to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) by one reflection and then this wave moves by speed of light is accelerated one more time to produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) by another reflection

But where's this happened? In which planets orbits this is happened?

Shortly

The wave moves by 205.8 km/s in the orbits of Planets (Pluto – Neptune and Uranus) and

The wave velocity is accelerated to move by speed of light in Saturn orbit

Means- Starting from Saturn orbit the unified wave moves by speed of light – the wave speed is speed of light in all orbits from Saturn to Venus

And

Venus reflected the wave to Mars and that causes to accelerate the wave velocity from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to (C^2= squared speed of light)- in the moon orbit between Venus and Mars

(6)

Planet Definition

(A)

The physics book defines the planet as (Planet is solid body created independently from the space and the other planets)–if so- how can the gravitational waves reflection have effects on the planets data??

My definition for the planet is

Planet is a geometrical point carried on the moving energy (or Planet is a geometrical point found on a light beam) – let's explain this definition in following

The matter and space both are created from the same one energy- means

The planets matters and their distances both are created from the same one energy- the matter and space move depending on the motion of this energy from which they are created-means- the matter isn't moving by the mass gravity – Newton is wrong- the matter moves by the motion of the energy from which the matter is created-

Based on this idea

The space is similar to the sea of water- and the matter is similar to a whirlpool (vortex) is found on the sea page- the matter creates for itself a geometrical frame (a distinguished form from the space) and moves by a different velocity from the space motion- as the whirlpool (vortex) on the sea page- it's created by the sea water but it has a distinguish form from the sea waves and it moves by a different velocity from the sea waves- this explanation shows how the moving energy can effect on the matter creation data- for example- we have a whirlpool (vortex) its diameter is 2 meters how is this whirlpool created? and why does its diameter equal = 2 meters? The diameter is created as a result for the water motion velocity, pressure, amount and motion angle and many other features of (the moving water)- the moving water creates this whirlpool with diameter 2 meters and as long as the water motion is not changed this diameter will not be changed also-

Let's give another example

The energy motion is similar to the blood motion in a creature body- suppose- we examine now a liver of human - the blood motion causes this liver to work perfectly but if the blood motion is changed that would cause changes for the liver cells and job – suppose the blood have some poison the liver will be dead- suppose the pressure is raised- I want to say- the liver is a piece of body (matter) but it depends on the blood motion and this blood motion defines this liver dimensions and data-

Shortly–the matter is similar to a muscle in a creature- the muscle may be so strong as a rock but it depends on the blood motion (similar to that the matter is found depending on the motion of energy from which this matter is created)

That explains how the gravitational waves reflection have effects on the planets data- still the planet is a solid body and the wave is a wave- the wave can be reflected but the solid body can NOT be reflected spite of that the planets data is reflected one another because the reflected waves have effects on the moving energy by which this planet (solid body) is created-

(B)

We should see the depth of this new definition-

The definition tells us

The matter (planet) is created by energy and the matter moves with this energy- means- this energy is the mother of this matter- this energy created the matter and caused this matter motion-BUT- this definition tells- the matter motion is defined before the matter creation- means- Planet motion is defined before this planet creation- How can that be possible? Because –

The energy is found alone in motion (the sea water was in motion) and the energy created the matter and this matter dimensions and data is defined based on the energy motion features (as discussed before- the whirlpool "vortex" is created with diameter 2 meters and this diameter is defined by the water motion features "velocity- pressure- angle- amount …etc") by that the matter dimensions are defined by the mother energy motion features - AND after the matter creation, the matter moves with the mother energy- by that- the created matter moves the same motion based on which this matter dimensions and data is defined- that explains how the planet motion is defined before the planet creation-

This fact is proved by my planet diameter equation because it proves strongly that the planet diameter is created based on its velocity- means- the equation proves – for example – Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s and Neptune velocity is defined before Neptune diameter- let's remember this equation

My Planet Diameter Equation (v1/v2)= (s/r)= I

v = Planet Velocity

r = Planet Diameter

s= Planet Rotation Periods Number In Its Orbital Period

I= Planet Orbital Inclination (example, 1.8 degrees be produced as a rate 1.8)

v2, s, r and I are belonged to one planet and v1 is belonged to another planet

The planet (v1) is defined by test the minimum error

Earth Equation uses Neptune velocity

Mars Equation uses Pluto velocity

Jupiter Equation uses the Earth moon velocity

Saturn Equation uses Mars velocity

Uranus Equation uses Neptune velocity (As Earth)

Neptune Equation uses Saturn velocity

Pluto Equation uses the Earth moon velocity (As Jupiter)

Example

Neptune Equation (89143 /49528) = 9.7/ 5.4 =1.8

89143 = Neptune rotation periods number in Neptune orbital period

49528 km = Neptune diameter

9.7 km/s = Saturn velocity

5.4 km/s = Neptune velocity

59800 days = Neptune orbital period (and Neptune rotation period =16.1 hours)

1.8 degrees = Neptune Orbital Inclination

The Equation Concept (A Summary)

Planet diameter should be a function in its orbital distance –otherwise- this planet would be broken by its motion- BUT- the designer can't create a function has only 2 variables (Planet diameter and its orbital distance)- because– If this planet changes its orbital distance its diameter would be broken also because the diameter is a direct function in the orbital distance without any other variables -As A Result

The designer created the planet diameter as a function in this planet rotation period and the planet rotation period is created as a function in this planet velocity and the planet velocity is created as a function in this planet orbital distance- by that- the function Planet diameter and its orbital distance is created but also it contains many variables (rotation period, orbital period and velocity)- by that- if a Planet changes its orbital distance- this planet orbital period, and velocity and rotation period would be changed but its diameter will be saved-

(C)

The previous explanation helps us to see how the planet is created- also we remember Kepler rule (Planet Orbit Defines Its Velocity)

The orbit is created at first and the orbit defines the motion velocity and the planet diameter is created based on this velocity –means- the space is created before the matter creation- Shortly- The planet orbit is created (from the mother energy) before this planet creation and the planet is created later (by this energy motion features) and the planet data is defined based on this motion features and the planet moves after Creation with this mother energy motion- and– in case any planet after creation changes its orbit the planet motion data be changed but its creation data is saved- we should note that the space must be created based on a geometrical design-means- the solar system space (all orbits) is designed based on one geometrical design before any planet creation

(D)

The planet is a geometrical point on the mother energy and moves with it –Or

The planet is a geometrical point on the same light beam and moves with it

That tells

The solar planets are geometrical points found on the same one light beam and move with this light beam motion

By that- the planets are similar to carriages in one train –and the light beam (the mother energy) is the engine of this train- the light moves and causes all planets motions (as the sea water moves and causes all ships motions)

Here we conclude that the planets motions are similar to the chess board motions because it depends on geometrical rules in all details- that's why the analysis is so useful because it can show the geometrical design found by the planets motions integration.

(E)

The planet definition answers the question

If The Gravitational Waves Are Reflected Why This Reflection Have Effects On The Planets Data?

Because the waves reflection causes to define the energy motion direction and by that the planets data is changed and effected by the moving energy through these planets-

The effects on the planets data is very useful because it proves the reflection is a fact as we discussed later

(7)

The Energy Distribution In The Solar System

Now we know

The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s in the orbits of Pluto, Neptune and Uranus and

The unified wave motion is accelerated to move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) in all planets orbits Starting from Saturn to Venus

And Venus reflected the wave to Mars and by that the speed of light is squared to produce (C^2= squared speed of light) by which the light beam is created

Can The Wave Different Speeds Have Effect On The Solar System Design? YES

The three planets (Pluto, Neptune and Uranus) have great areas because the wave velocity is 205.8 km/s means massive amounts of energy is stored in these orbits as waves move by 205.8 km/s-

But

Starting from Saturn orbit the wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) that doesn't need great areas because the energy is found in waves move by speed of light that explains why the planets orbits be small orbits (from Saturn to Venus) and even the inner planets have very small orbits because the energy is not stored in the inner planets orbits but the energy is used directly to produce the sun rays- that shows the planets distribution between the Sun and Pluto is related to the wave velocity changes

(8)

Planet Motion Definition

Let's ask

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- now we ask- if the gravitational waves move by speed of light- why is it necessary the gravitational waves move by speed of light relative to the sun point of Space? Or let's ask this question by another method

Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s relative to what? relative to the sun

All Motions In The Solar System Are Done Relative To The Sun – let's explain why

Let's remember how the sun point is created

We understand the space is similar to the sea of water and it's in continuous motion and NO stationary point can be found in it- the sun point of space should be a stationary point- for that the sun point of space creation needed specific procedure

The planets were found before the sun creation and the planets revolve around a point in space (any point in space) the revolution creates two velocities on both sides of the revolution- the two velocities are equal in value opposite in direction- the total be Zero- means- the revolution motion creates a stationary point in the revolution center-

By that the sun point of space is created as a stationary point- and the sun point is the only stationary point in the solar system- for that all motions are done relative to the sun point of space- but let's ask

What does mean Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s? it means – the sun point of space is a stationary point and its velocity is 1 km/s (Zero approximately)- and that means- the space around the sun has waves move by velocity 1 km/s while Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s and that means the space around Pluto has waves move by 4.7 km/s and by Pluto motion the waves around the sun moves by 4.7 km/s because of Pluto motion effect

Shortly- the sun is the stationary point in the solar system and all motions are done relative to the sun because it's the minimum velocity in the solar system.

II- The Comparison

The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system three times

(From Neptune to Saturn) This Is The First Reflection

(From Uranus to Jupiter) This Is The Second Reflection

(From Venus to Mars) This Is The Third Reflection

Here we compare among the data of these planets- the comparison provides 7 groups of data in each group we compare the planets data because I want to prove that the planets use similar behaviors to produce their data – means- this all data is created based on geometrical rules which proves that there's one reason caused to create all this data and this reason is the gravitational waves reflection- In the comparison I start by Venus reflection (the 3rd one) then Uranus reflection (the 2nd one) and Neptune reflection (1st one) because Venus is very simple data and can be understood easily-

The Data Changes

The gravitational waves reflection causes basic changes in the planets data let's refer to these changes in following

What's used as (A) before the reflection will be used as (1/A) after the reflection.

What's used as (a distance) before the reflection will be used as (a period of time) after the reflection

The velocities be squared –the rate (v1/v2) before reflection will be (v1/v2)^2 after the reflection.

The energy direction is changed by the reflection

The players of the rates of time are reflected also –

Notice – the gravitational waves reflection needs three planets –as we have discussed- the 1st reflection (from Neptune to Saturn) and between them Uranus – also the 2nd reflection (from Uranus to Jupiter) and between them Saturn– and also the 3rd reflection (from Venus to Mars) and between them The Earth– that shows three planets are used in each reflection- the middle planet is effected also by the wave reflection as we will see in the data discussion – shortly – No reflection can be done by two neighbors planets -

These changes are done with each reflection for the gravitational waves- the planets data proves this fact as we will see in the comparison of the data and the detailed analysis for the wave reflection.

Group Data No (I)

(1)

The gravitational waves are reflected from Venus to Mars – For that

Venus orbital circumference 680 mkm is Changed Into Mars orbital period 687 days

And

687 days x 2π = 4331 days (Jupiter orbital period)

687 days x 4π = 10747 days (Saturn orbital period) x 0.8

687 days x 6π x 2 = 25920 years (The Precession Cycle)

(2)

The gravitational waves are reflected from Uranus to Jupiter– For That

Jupiter orbital circumference 4900mkm is Changed Into The period4900 days

And

4900 days x 2π = 30589 days (Uranus orbital period)

4900 days x 4π = 59800 days (Neptune orbital period) (error 3%)

4900 days x 6π = 90560 days (Pluto orbital period) (error 2%)

(3)

The gravitational waves are reflected from Neptune to Saturn–

BUT

The distance 1433 mkm is still a distance And

(1410 mkm = Pluto Neptune Distance)

1433 mkm = Mars orbital circumference

1433 mkm x 2π = 9010 mkm (Saturn Orbital Circumference)

1433 mkm x 4π = 18048 mkm (Uranus Orbital Circumference)

1433 days x 8π = 37100 days (Pluto orbital Circumference) (error 2.5%)

Discussion

(1)

The data shows the following

The Gravitational Wave Reflection From Venus To Mars Defines Mars, Jupiter And Saturn Orbital Periods

(Saturn orbital period is effected by the rate 0.8 we should discuss later)

The Gravitational Wave Reflection From Uranus To Jupiter Defines Uranus, Neptune And Pluto Orbital Periods

The Gravitational Wave Reflection From Neptune To Saturn Defines Saturn, Uranus, Neptune And Pluto Orbital Circumference

This data proved my planet definition (the planets are geometrical points carried by the same one energy- or- the planets are geometrical points found on the same one light beam- and the planets move with this light beam motion- and the planets are created depending on each other and No planet is independent from the others in its creation and motion) – means- the planets are similar to whirlpools (vortex) found on the sea water page- we can imagine many whirlpools (vortex) are found on the same one sea and they are near to each other- this picture is very similar to the planets nature- that explains how the reflection of energy for one time can define the orbital periods for three planets (or 4 planets) together-

Here we imagine there are 4 whirlpools (vortex) on the sea page near to each other and then one strong wave of water passed through these 4 whirlpools (vortex), and this water wave motion causes effects on the 4 whirlpools-

This information is so important because one motion only (one wave reflection) can cause to define three or four planets data that proves strongly the planets Can NOT be independent neither in Creation Nor in motion- the planets are created and moving depends on each other because all of them are created from the same one energy and they move with this same energy motion-

NOTICE Let's imagine we have 4 whirlpools (vortex) on the sea page near to each other and one strong water wave passes through these 4 whirlpools (vortex) - now – suppose we put some red color on this strong water wave- what would happen? The water color will be red and the red water will pass through these 4 whirlpools (vortex)

We pay attention here because one reflection of energy can define the orbital periods of three planets – Means – all of them must be dependent on this reflected energy.

That tells the planets are NOT independent but they are dependent on the mother energy from which they are created and that caused they to be dependent on each other –

Now let's analyze each reflection individually

(1) The Third Reflection (The Wave Is Reflected From Venus To Mars)

224.7 days (Venus orbital period) is changed into 227.9 mkm (Mars orbital distance)

AND-

680 mkm (Venus Orbital Circumference) is changed into 687 days (Mars orbital period)- (max error 1.5%) –

As the rule tells (what's used as distance before the reflection be used as a period of time after the reflection and vice versa)

The orbital periods definition

687 days x 2π = 4331 days (Jupiter orbital period)

687 days x 4π = 10747 days (Saturn orbital period) x 0.8

687 days x 6π x 2 = 25920 years (The Precession Cycle)

We don't discuss the precession cycle here

(Saturn orbital period is effected by the rate 0.8 we should discuss later)

The data shows, the planets orbital periods are defined by the rates (2π, 4π, 6π)

It's not clear yet why the design uses these rates to define the planets orbital periods but this is the rule we will see it in the other two reflections of energy.

The important notice here tells that- the gravitational wave reflection for one time defines 3 planets orbital periods – this fact is proved strongly by the data and it disproves the wrong idea tells (Planet is created independently from the other planets)

(2) The Second Reflection (The Wave Is Reflected From Uranus To Jupiter)

Here we have a clear problem – let's see the data

Jupiter orbital circumference 4900 mkm is Changed Into The period 4900 days

And

4900 days x 2π = 30589 days (Uranus orbital period)

4900 days x 4π = 59800 days (Neptune orbital period) (error 3%)

4900 days x 6π = 90560 days (Pluto orbital period) (error 2%)

We see clearly, the data distribution is typical to the previous data of the third reflection- let's compare them

Venus orbital circumference 680 mkm is Changed Into Mars orbital period 687 days

Jupiter orbital circumference 4900mkm is Changed Into The period 4900 days

687 days x 2π = 4331 days (Jupiter orbital period)

4900 days x 2π = 30589 days (Uranus orbital period)

687 days x 4π = 10747 days (Saturn orbital period) x 0.8

4900 days x 4π = 59800 days (Neptune orbital period) (error 3%)

4900 days x 6π = 90560 days (Pluto orbital period) (error 2%)

The comparison shows clearly the data is almost typical- by that- we have to suppose- the gravitational wave is reflected from Jupiter to Uranus- It is NOT Fact–because

The gravitational wave is reflected from Uranus to Jupiter (and then to Venus) – we see clearly the problem where the data distribution is reversed the wave reflection direction-

Notice - please note clearly that – we deal with one gravitational wave only- there are NOT three gravitational wave and each wave is reflected in one reflection- it's NOT Fact – the fact is that- it's one gravitational wave reflected three times in the solar system- the comparison next data proves this fact and gives no area for any doubt-

It's one gravitational wave sent from Pluto to Neptune and reflected to Saturn then this same wave is sent from Saturn to Uranus and Uranus reflected the same wave to Jupiter and Jupiter sent the same wave to Venus and Venus reflected the same wave to Mars- One Gravitational Wave moves through all these planets

The Conclusion

The planets data is distributed in the reversed direction for the reflected energy- the energy is reflected from Uranus to Jupiter but the data is distributed from Jupiter to Uranus- there's a geometrical reason for this behavior we should discover later.

(3) The First Reflection (The Wave Is Reflected From Neptune To Saturn)

We still have another problem- let's remember this problem reason

The gravitational wave first reflection is done from Pluto to Neptune, supposing Neptune would send the energy to Uranus but Neptune didn't send the energy instead Neptune kept the energy inside its orbit and prevent it to move toward Uranus – also Uranus itself couldn't release the imprisoned energy from Neptune orbit – and that necessitated Saturn itself to create interaction with Neptune to release the imprisoned energy for that the energy is moved toward Saturn immediately by that this reflection of the wave is considered the first reflection because the energy is released from Neptune to Saturn directly – Shortly- the wave energy is sent from Pluto to Neptune and the energy is reflected from Neptune to Saturn and this is the first reflection of the energy (the gravitational wave first reflection)

Let's see the data - The distance 1433 mkm (Saturn orbital distance) is still a distance And (1410 mkm = Pluto Neptune Distance)

1433 mkm = Mars orbital circumference

1433 mkm x 2π = 9010 mkm (Saturn Orbital Circumference)

1433 mkm x 4π = 18048 mkm (Uranus Orbital Circumference)

1433 days x 8π = 37100 days (Pluto orbital Circumference) (error 2.5%)

The data follows the rule (2π, 4π, 8π) perfectly as the other two reflections but the data shows 2 problems which are

1st problem

The data distribution is in the reversed direction of the energy motion direction- because the reflection is done from Neptune to Saturn but the data shows the orbital circumferences of (Saturn, Neptune, Uranus and Pluto) are defined by this reflection which supposes the energy is reflected from Saturn to Neptune and that's NOT Fact

This behavior is typical the behavior of the second reflection from Uranus to Jupiter-

Means- this behavior is repeated in the two reflections of energy which tells that the behavior depends on a geometrical reason.

2nd problem

The distance is not changed into a period of time as the other reflections but stayed as a distance! How and why?? let's see deeply this data

If the energy is reflected from Saturn to Neptune, Saturn orbital circumference 9010 mkm should be changed into a period of time to be 9010 days and then

9010 days x 2π = 2 x 28244 days (28244 mkm = Neptune orbital circumference)

9010 days x 4π = 113223 days

9010 days x 6π = 169840 days

We see the data gives NO real values- means- this is not the direction of the data creation- Instead – the distance 1433 mkm or the circumference 9010 mkm is still distance and then

1433 mkm x 2π = 9010 mkm (Saturn Orbital Circumference)

1433 mkm x 4π = 18048 mkm (Uranus Orbital Circumference)

1433 days x 8π = 37100 days (Pluto orbital Circumference) (error 2.5%)

And

1433 mkm = Mars orbital circumference

We understand that, the data provides a distance (1433 mkm) and not a period of time then we have to ask again why this distance is not changed into a period of time?

We understand that the outer planets have 2 reflections (first reflection from Neptune to Saturn) and (the second reflection from Uranus to Jupiter)- also we understand that the solar system needs one reflection only in the outer planets and one reflection only in the inner planets and also we know the outer planets have two reflections because of Neptune negative effect on the solar system- means if Neptune is removed from the solar system the outer planets would have one reflection only – for that- the designer caused the two reflections in the outer planets to be complementary one another – the reflection from Uranus to Jupiter defines the planets orbital periods and the reflection from Neptune to Saturn defines these same planets orbital circumferences

The designer caused to make the two reflections complementary one another and by that the two reflections can be unified into one reflection and based on that the machine will work by one unified reflection in the outer planets and one single reflection in the inner planets- but how the energy motion produces the distances in place of the periods of time? this question is hard to answer because we don't see deeply how the reflection of energy can define each planet orbital period (or orbital circumference) by using the rates (2π, 4π, 6π) we just discovered the rule but more geometrical analysis is required to see how this rule works

NOTICE

In the third reflection (from Venus to Mars) – let's remember the data

Venus orbital circumference 680 mkm is Changed Into Mars orbital period 687 days

687 days x 2π = 4331 days (Jupiter orbital period)

687 days x 4π = 10747 days (Saturn orbital period) x 0.8

687 days x 6π x 2 = 25920 years (The Precession Cycle)

We have asked- why Saturn orbital period is effected by the rate (0.8)?

Let's try to answer – let's see the data 10747 /9800 = 9800/9010 where

10747 days = Saturn orbital period and 9010 mkm = Saturn orbital circumference

9800 mkm = 2 x 4900 mkm (Jupiter Orbital Circumference)

We know 4900 mkm and 4900 days is the player in the second reflection from Uranus to Jupiter- means- Saturn has effect also in the second reflection for that the second reflection has effect on Saturn data and caused its orbital period to be produced under the effect of the rate (0.8) which is the reflection rate as we will see in the next data

Group Data No (II)

(1)

3.024 mkm (Venus motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2.4 mkm

2.57 mkm (Venus motion distance per solar day) = 1.0725 x 2.4 mkm

2.57 mkm x 0.8 = 2.082 mkm (Mars motion distance per solar day)

(2)

1.1318 mkm (Jupiter motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2 x 1.0725 x 0.421 mkm

(3)

0.838 mkm (Saturn motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2 x 1.0725 x 0.3129 mkm

Discussion

We discuss the data no. (2) and (3) at first

DATA NO. (2)

1.1318 mkm (Jupiter motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2 x 1.0725 x 0.421 mkm

(0.421 mkm = Uranus motion distance in its rotation period)

DATA NO. (3)

0.838 mkm (Saturn motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2 x 1.0725 x 0.3129 mkm

(0.3129 mkm = Neptune motion distance in its rotation period)

MORE DATA

0.5875 mkm (Uranus motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 0.46688 mkm

(0.466884 mkm = Jupiter motion distance in its rotation period) And

0.46688 mkm (Neptune motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 0.3736 mkm

(0.3736 mkm = Saturn motion distance in its rotation period) And

0.46688 mkm (Pluto motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 0.3248 mkm

(i)

The rate (0.8) is created by the waves reflection and the planets velocities are defined based on each other by this rate as discussed in the planet velocity definition- here the data shows the rate (0.8) defines each planet motion distance based on the other planet motion distance (in the same one reflection) –

let's explain that in more details

(1st reflection From Neptune to Saturn) for that

Saturn motion distance per solar day (0.838 million km) by the rate (0.8) defines Neptune motion distance in its rotation period 0.3129 million km

Also

Neptune motion distance per solar day (0.46688 million km) by the rate (0.8) defines Saturn motion distance in its rotation period 0.3736 million km

AND

(2nd reflection From Uranus to Jupiter) for that

Jupiter motion distance per solar day (1.1318 million km) by the rate (0.8) defines Uranus motion distance in its rotation period 0.421 million km

Also

Uranus motion distance per solar day (0.5875 million km) by the rate (0.8) defines Jupiter motion distance in its rotation period 0.46688 million km

AND

In the 3rd reflection we will see Mars motion distance per solar day is defined by Venus motion distance per solar day- follows the same rule

Notice

We note the data No. (2) and (3) show the data is distributed in the reversed direction for the energy motion because the energy is reflected from Neptune to Saturn and from Uranus to Jupiter- But data is distributed in the reversed direction-

In the third reflection we will see the data moves in the same direction with the energy distribution

Also

In Venus data we will see that it uses the square value (0.8)^2 and we will explain why the rate is used in square value

(ii)

Why is the rate (1.0725) found in the data? because the gravitational wave moves by speed of light (300000 km/s) in Saturn orbit and in all planets orbits till Venus orbit-

Shortly

the wave velocity was 205.8 km/s through Pluto, Neptune and Uranus orbits BUT

The wave velocity is accelerated in Saturn orbit and its velocity be = speed of light =300000 km/s, for that reason the rate (1.0725) is created because this is (Lorentz length contraction effect rate) and it can be produced only by motion with speed=(99% speed of light =297000 km/s)- shortly- the wave velocity be equal=speed of light = 300000 km/s in Saturn orbit, for that the rate (1.0725) is produced in the orbits of Saturn and Jupiter as the data shows (and also in Venus data we will see it)

(iii)

The previous data shows the planets distances are rated by the rate (0.8) for the planets players in the same wave reflection- but- this picture is not complete yet – because the planets which aren't players in the same reflection shows equal distances also but this distances equality doesn't depend on the rate (0.8) let's give examples

Jupiter motion distance in its rotation period = Neptune motion distance per solar day =0.466884 million km

And

Saturn motion distance in its rotation period 0.3736 mkm x π = Uranus motion distance per solar day 0.5875 mkm x 2

And

The Earth motion distance per solar day = Pluto motion distance in its rotation period = 2.574 million km

This distances equality must be produced also by the waves reflection but the rule is not clear yet- I want to say the effect of the rate (0.8) on the planets distances is part of greater rule explains how this distances equality is produced and the useful result of it –

Please note–I analyze this data in details in 2nd part of this 1st hypothesis explanation-

Now

Let's discuss the data No.(1)

DATA NO. (1)

3.024 mkm (Venus motion distance per solar day) x 0.8 = 2.4 mkm

2.57 mkm (The Earth motion distance per solar day) = 1.0725 x 2.4 mkm

2.57 mkm x 0.8 = 2.082 mkm (Mars motion distance per solar day)

2.57 mkm = The Earth motion distance per solar day= Pluto motion distance in its rotation period

Means

3.024 million km x (0.8)^2 x 1.0725 = 2.082 million km where

3.024 mkm =Venus motion distance per solar day

2.082 mkm =Mars motion distance per solar day

Notice

2.57 mkm = The Earth motion distance per solar day

2.57 mkm = 1.0725 x 2.4 mkm The moon motion distance per solar day

2.59 mkm = Pluto motion distance in its rotation period

The data tells Mars motion distance per solar day depends on Venus motion distance per solar day – here all distances are defined by the solar day-

In the third reflection- the wave is reflected from Venus to Mars- here also Venus motion distance per solar day (3.024 mkm) defines Mars motion distance per solar day (2.082 mkm)- but the definition depends on the squared value (0.8)^2

That shows Venus reflection follows the same rule used by the other reflections – where the sender planet motion distance per solar day defines the receiver planet motion distance

Perfectly the rule is followed BUT Why does Venus use the square value (0.8)^2??

Because of the reflections order – let's explain that

The two reflections in the outer planets are complementary each other and by that they are unified and can be considered as One Unified Reflection in the outer planets

Means- there is one unified reflection in the outer planets and one single reflection in the inner planets and these are two reflections- means – Venus reflection should be considered the second reflection that causes to square the value (0.8)- that explains why Venus uses the squared Value (0.8)^2

Notice

This is a proof for my theory that (one gravitational wave is reflected three times)- means- this wave is reflected before and effected by the rate (0.8) and this same wave is reflected again for that the rate (0.8) be in its squared value (0.8)^2

The Conclusion

The gravitational waves reflection causes the sender planet motion distance to define the receiver planet motion distance as seen in the data- the definition depends on the rate (0.8) – here we see one rule proves the receiver planet motion depends on the sender planet motion-

Group Data No (III)

(1)

5.56 = (568/102) = (59800/10747)

(2)

21.8 = (1898 /86.8) = 30589 /1407.6

(3)

(4.87/0.642) ^2 = (7.6)^2 and (7.6)^2 x 224.7 days = 2π^2 x 687 days

And

π^3 = 31 = (5.56)^2 = 4x 4.75 (but between 7.75 and 7.6 the error 2%)

Discussion

Data No. (1)

5.56 = (568/102) = (59800/10747)

568 x 10^24 kg = Saturn Mass

102 x 10^24 kg = Neptune Mass

59800 days = Neptune orbital period

10747 days = Saturn orbital period

In the first reflection the gravitational wave is reflected from Neptune to Saturn

This behavior shows second rule– for the planets in the same reflection- we see the masses rate defines the orbital periods rate and this behavior is used by the other two reflections- means- the gravitational wave reflection between two planets cause these two planets masses rate to define their orbital periods rate – let's see the rest data

Data No. (2)

21.8 = (1898 /86.8) = 30589 /1407.6 (notice1407.6π =4331 error 2%)

1898 x 10^24 kg = Jupiter Mass

86.8 x 10^24 kg = Uranus Mass

30589 days = Uranus orbital period

4331 days = Jupiter orbital period

In second reflection the gravitational wave is reflected from Uranus to Jupiter

It's the same rule and behavior, the planets masses rates defines their orbital periods

Just Jupiter orbital period 4331 is divided by (π) – no any other change in the rule proves that the rule is a fact and used with the planets of the same reflection

Data No. (3)

(4.87/0.642) ^2 = (7.6)^2 and (7.6)^2 x 224.7 days = 2π^2 x 687 days

4.87 x 10^24 kg = Venus Mass and 0.642 x 10^24 kg= Mars Mass

224.7 days = Venus orbital period and 687 days= Mars orbital period

In the third reflection the gravitational wave is reflected from Venus to Mars

Here also we see the planets use the same rule and the same behavior – the masses rate defines the orbital periods rate-But the rate is squared! Why?

Venus Mass = 7.6 Mars Mass but the data uses the squared rate (7.6)^2 –

We should pay attention for this rate because the other planets used their masses rate but NOT squared value – Why does Venus use the squared value (7.6)^2?

We have solved this question in the distances discussion when Venus used (0.8)^2 and the other planets use (0.8) only- here also is similar to that- let's remember the reason

We agreed that the two wave reflections in the outer planets are complementary one another and by that they are unified together into one unified reflection and by that the outer planets has one unified reflection and the inner planets has one single reflection and these are considered as two reflections and for that Venus reflection is considered the second one in the solar system (and the final one) for that Venus uses the squared Value – where we know the wave reflection causes to square the value

Notice - 5.56 = (568/102) = (59800/10747) = (10/1.8) =9010/1622 where 1.8 deg = Neptune orbital inclination and 10 =4 x 2.5 deg (Saturn orbital inclination) and -9010 mkm= Saturn orbital circumference and 1622 mkm = Neptune Uranus Distance

Notice π^3 = 31 = (5.56)^2 = 4x 4.75 (but between 7.75 and 7.6 the error 2%) – this data is discussed in the next point

The Conclusion The Wave Reflection Causes The Sender And Receiver Planets Masses Rate To Define Their Orbital Periods Rate.

Group Data No (IV)

(1)

12104 km (Venus diameter) /6792 km (Mars diameter) = 3.4 deg /1.9 deg = π^0.5

(2)

142984 km (Jupiter diameter)/51118 km (Uranus diameter) = 2.79 =5.56/2

(3)

378675 km (Saturn Circumference)/49528 km (Neptune diameter) = 7.6

Discussion

Notice

π^3 = 31 = (5.56)^2 = 4x 4.75 (but between 7.75 and 7.6 the error 2%)

This data shows the rates (5.56) and (7.6) are found based on the value (π^3=31) I try to prove that it's one energy (one value π^3=31) and the different rates as (5.56 and 7.6) are found depending on (this one value π^3=31) by geometrical reasons – that proves it's one energy (one wave) is reflected three times in the solar system – the value (π^3 = 31 =) is very important because all rates depend on it

The group data shows the planets diameters rates depend on the value (π^3 =31)- let's examine it in following

Data No. (1)

12104 km (Venus diameter) /6792 km (Mars diameter) = 3.4 deg /1.9 deg = π^0.5

3.4 degrees = Venus Orbital Inclination

1.9 degrees = Mars Orbital Inclination

The data shows the two planets diameters are rated with rate equal their orbital inclination and this rate equal π^0.5

Notice

177.4 degrees (Venus axial tilt) = 1.9 deg (Mars orbital inclination) x 93.4

90+ 3.4 = 93.4 deg

Data No. (2)

142984 km (Jupiter diameter)/51118 km (Uranus diameter) = 2.79 = 5.56

We remember 31 = (5.56)^2

Data No. (3)

378675 km (Saturn Circumference)/49528 km (Neptune diameter) = 7.6

Also we remember 31/4 = 7.75 (and the difference between 7.75 and 7.6 is 2%)

The data shows the diameters rates depend on the value (π^3 = 31 =) as the masses do

Means- the planets masses and diameters are created rated to one another based on this same value (π^3 = 31 =)

I try to prove that – one energy is found behind all this data- the value (π^3 = 31 =) refers to one energy and this energy is effected by different geometrical reasons and that causes this energy (π^3 = 31 =) to show different rates as (5.56) and (7.6)

Shortly – we deal with one energy reflected three times in the solar system and the planets data are defined by the effect of this energy on them

Please note- we can imagine one river of water moves through different cities and each city deals with the river based on its own data- one city has great soil and this uses the river water to plant vegetables and fruits- another city its ground has many holes and caves the river water will cause all these holes to be filled of water and that will create many moors in this city and that will not be useful for it –

We have here the same picture-

One energy moves through the solar system and reflected three times in it and this reflection causes changes for the planets data for that the different rates (5.56 and 7.6) are created from this one energy (π^3 = 31 =) by geometrical reasons have effects on it. (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292

Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013)

Curriculum Vitae https://www.academia.edu/s/b88b0ecb7c

E-mail [email protected], [email protected]

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The Planets Were Moving In Their Orbits Before The Sun Creation (Revised) https://app.box.com/s/dufa274dvpay3fqn6syz6sefjljfwnx9 or https://app.box.com/s/89vxxtv3hc8si245fwxpbw0ts9b126nz or https://www.tumblr.com/itsgerges/762780127698567168/the-planets-were-moving-in-their-orbits-before-the?source=share or https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/239300.html

The Sun Creation The sun is created depending on the planets motions- because- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- In details- Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and from this energy the sun rays is created- means- the sun is not doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays but the planets motions energies total is used to produce the sun rays– that explains why the sun corona temperature is 5 million Kelvin but the sun surface temperature is 5800 Kelvin- because the energy is not produced from the sun body but the energy comes from out of the sun body (from the planets motions energies total)- This theory is discussed based on 5 hypotheses. The First Hypothesis The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 This new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- I suppose -the sun rays is produced based on this method by the gravitational waves motions and not by the sun nuclear fusion- also – I claim No star rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process but all rays are created by the gravitational waves motions energies as the article states. The Second Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The Third Hypothesis The gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the wave reflection causes changes for the waves properties and data- the major change is that- the reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- the gravitational wave moves by velocity (V), if this wave is reflected, it would move by velocity (V^2) after the reflection- The gravitational waves are reflected three times in the solar system- two times in the outer planets and one time only in the inner planets- The Fourth Hypothesis The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time The rate of time use is useful because it enables to accumulate the planets motions energies during a period of time- understandable- Planet motion energy is small energy and the sun rays is massive energy and that necessitates to accumulate the planets motions energies total during a period of time to store motion energy sufficient to be used for the sun rays creation- Shortly- if the planets motions don't use rates of time, no massive motion energy can be provided and for that NO enough energy will be found to produce the sun rays-means- No light beam can be created The rate of time depends on the velocities rate Example (one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock) because Mercury velocity =1.6 the Earth velocity– the hypothesis is explained and proved in details

The Fifth Hypothesis Neptune Motion Causes Negative Effects On The Sun Rays Production Process are (1) Neptune motion caused the gravitational waves to be reflected two times in the outer planets where one reflection is enough for the required process- the wave reflection is repeated by Neptune negative effect on the solar system motion (2) Neptune caused to decrease the gravitational wave speed by one percent- where the gravitational wave moves by speed of light Neptune caused to decrease this speed by 1% creating a speed = (99% of the speed of light=297000 km/s) and by this speed (0.99C) the relativistic effects are created in the solar system

NOTICE The solar system is one machine performs one Job- and this Job is The Sun Rays Production - All planets motions are used as parts to perform this one Job-

The Sun Rays Production Is Done By Two Basic Tasks (1st task) The Provision Of The Sufficient Energy For The Sun Rays Production- and the sufficient energy is prepared by the motions of the five planets (Saturn- Jupiter- Venus- The Earth- The Moon – and Mars) because these five planets motions are used to create the general rate of time based on which The Sun Rays Are Created. (discussed in details in the 3rd hypothesis)

(2nd task) The mechanism by which the light beam is created- and this mechanism is the relative motion- the gravitational waves move relative to the sun point of space- by this relative motion the sun rays are created- means- the required energy is prepared and provided by the aforementioned five planets- and when the sufficient energy be provided this energy is sent to the planets which create the mechanism and the mechanism uses the sufficient energy to produce The Sun Rays The mechanism depends on the motions of 3 planets (Mercury- Venus and the moon) Specially Venus, because Venus reflects the wave toward Mars and defines its trajectory angle to create the relative motion between the wave and the sun point of space- the relative motion is discussed in details in the explanation of the (first and second hypotheses) The Explanation Of The First And Second Hypotheses

Let's remember The 1st Hypothesis This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam – I suppose (The Sun Rays Is Created By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Nuclear Fusion -Also All Stars Rays Are Created By This Method And No Rays Is Created By The Nuclear Fusion Process) And –The 2nd Hypothesis The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- The two hypotheses explain how the sun rays creation depends on the planets motions because The Sun Rays Are Produced By The Gravitational Waves Motions Energies as the article states AND The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- The two hypotheses are discussed together in 4 Points

First Point (The Gravitational Waves Source)

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and not by the gravitational field- moreover- The sun is Not producing any gravitational field- I provide 2 major proves for this hypothesis which are- (1st proof/ Planet Motion Energy Analysis) and (2nd proof /The Sun Gravitational Field Refutation)

1st Proof / Planet Motion Energy Analysis Planet motion produces energy (1/2 mv^2), Let's ask, where's Planet motion energy? the planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as the fish swimming creates waves in the water the planet motion energy creates waves in the space- let's see this picture clearly- the fish swims because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water- we conclude, the water waves move by a velocity equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force- similar to that- Planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions energies create waves in the space where each wave moves by velocity equal its planet velocity – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s why? The 9 planets velocities total=176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity (29.8 km/s) that makes the total to be 205.8 km/s – I add the moon velocity because the energy is stored finally in the moon orbit- Note- the moon velocity is 27.8 km/s BUT the Earth and the moon revolve around the sun together for that the moon velocity should be considered equal the earth velocity relative to (the sun) – The 1st Proof Conclusion The Planet Motion Energy Creates Waves In The Space Means - The Space Must Have Moving Waves Now -the scientists had discovered waves in the space- And- they considered these waves are produced by The Sun Gravitational Field – BUT Why? The planet motion energy analysis proves the waves must be produced by the planets motions energies- Now let's refute the sun gravitational field theory- the refutation gives support for the conclusion that – the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and NOT by the gravitational field because there's NO Gravitational field.

2nd Proof / The Refutation Of The Sun Gravitational Field The Sun Doesn't Produce A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – let's prove that in following (1) The sun rotation period is (25.4 days– at equator) and (34.4 days – at pole) that shows the sun has no massive gravity nor even ordinary gravity equal any planet gravity otherwise the sun would rotate around its axis in one period of time- (2) No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planet and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion- Newton mistake is that he didn't know how the planet is created and by that he didn't realize that planet creation and motion are done together by the same one source- simply- the sun didn't cause to create any planet and for that the sun doesn't cause any planet to move- this analysis shows logical base but left us with puzzles to know (by what rule the planet moves?) and (Why is the sun found in the solar system if it doesn't cause the planets motions?) these questions are answered in the paper abstract and discussions. (3) The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- again Newton is wrong- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves and produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided?- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with the Earth and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon- (4) The planets order contradicts Newton gravitation equation- where- the gravitation equation tells (greater mass necessitates shorter distance)- clearly- Jupiter the greatest mass is not the most near planet to the sun- means- the planets order contradicts the equation- when we asked the physicist told us this problem is done by (the initial conditions)- all these are nonsense clearly- planet orbital distance does NOT depend on the sun mass nor on the planet mass- planet orbital distance depends on the neighbor planet orbital distance – my equation proves this fact- let's see it Planet orbital distance equation (my 1st equation) d^2= 4do (d-do) where d= planet orbital distance and do= its neighbor distance

Example- Venus orbital distance (108.2)2 = 4 x 57.9 x (50.3) d= 108.2 million km = Venus Orbital Distance d0= 57.9 million km = Mercury Orbital Distance 50.3million km=The Distance Between Venus And Mercury Venus Depends On Mercury

All planets orbital distances are defined based on their previous neighbor planets orbital distances- the equation is correct perfectly and all planets orbital distances are defined by it- my paper tests and discusses this equation Shortly- planet mass has no any effect on this planet orbital distance definition. Notice Planet orbital distance definition depends on its neighbor orbital distance this fact is proved by many other different methods my equation is one method only of them, all these methods don't use any planet mass- all planets orbits are defined based on their neighbor orbits- (Please note- Newton gravitation equation is wrong- I don't critic it by many critics to short the discussion- but- the fact is that- the light beam created all planets orbits before any planet creation- the light created each planet orbit depends on its neighbor orbit- I prove this fact in the paper discussion- logically this fact kills the gravitation equation because the orbit is created before the planet creation) Notice -Newton is so far from the truth- let's give one more example- Newton told us planet moves by the sun mass gravity- the fact is that- the Sun itself is created by the planets motions energies- that's why Newton ideas are not interesting for discussion because his ideas are imaginary have no part of truth- (5) Also-Newton told-planet motion depends on its mass- means-planet velocity depends on its mass- this also is imaginary idea- I define planet velocity in the explanation of the 3rd hypothesis- planet velocity is defined by many rules all of them don't use any planet mass- at all Planet mass has no rule in this planet velocity definition.

The 2nd Proof Conclusion The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies And Not By The Sun Gravitational Field- Also-There's No Gravitational Field At All

Second Point (The Gravitational Waves Nature Analysis) Let's ask (1) If The Gravitational Waves Are Produced By The Planets Motions Energies- How Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light While The Planets Move By Low Velocities? Or Generally– regardless the gravitational waves source- how can the gravitational waves move by speed of light? From where the energy is provided to enable the waves to move by the speed of light? (2) Can the gravitational waves be reflected in the solar system? what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties, features and nature? (3) Can the gravitational waves energy be increased? Means can one gravitational wave move by low velocity and this wave motion is accelerated to move by high velocity motion? again from what source the energy is provided and how the acceleration is done? (4) If the gravitational waves are produced by the same gravitational field (The physics book states "the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field") does that mean all gravitational waves move by equal velocities? can some waves move faster than the others? why and how? (5) If the planets data are reflected on each other – can we discover the geometrical reason behind this features? Planet velocity is example where the velocities are defined by the rule (v1v2= constant) this rule tells the velocities are reflected on one another- why the velocities are reflected on each other? what's the geometrical reason behind? suppose the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system, why this cause the planets data to be reflected on each other?

(6) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Because the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light) but the waves moves by speed of light only (C=300000 km/s) how the value (C^2) can be produced by the waves motions? (7) If the gravitational waves produce a light beam, does that mean the waves use electric field to produce this light beam? Is there another method to produce a light beam doesn't use electric field or charges? (8) If the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system can we discover that? can we prove that? and can we know in what planet orbit the reflection is done and if the waves are reflected many times?

The Gravitational Waves Properties, Features and nature Here I compare between the two theories about the gravitational waves source and their effects on the waves properties- 1st Theory (The Physics Book Theory) The physics book states, the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory tells little about the gravitational waves properties and nature because the mass gravity concept is puzzled and not understood for that the waves properties and features are puzzled also- let's test this idea- In The Sun gravitational field theory no one knows how the mass gravity force works and if the gravity needs time to work- or if the gravity creates a geometrical design to practice the effect of one mass on the other- the mechanism is not clear and for that the gravitational waves are not clear- for example – no one knows why the gravitational waves can move by speed of light or what waves move by this speed and in what planet orbit or if the wave motion velocity is accelerated gradually from low velocity to high velocity– we shortly know nothing about these gravitational waves- let's ask more questions- are these waves reflected and what's the result of this reflection on the waves properties and nature- where do these waves go? And what's the useful result of these waves energy? can these waves energy be used at all? are there just moving energy in space without an useful goal or result? And The new article tells the gravitational waves move by speed of light can produce a light beam? How these waves can produce a light beam by their motion? DEEP ANALYSIS I wish the respectful reader notices the major change in vision by this article-because- the physics book states the sun rays is produced by the sun nuclear fusion- here- the source of energy is the sun mass and the used method is the sun nuclear fusion- and the light beam is produced Let's put the new article here again This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/technology/this-is-extraordinary-gravity-can-create-light-all-on-its-own/ar-AA19YL5d?ocid=hpmsn&cvid=620db4352aa943e2b454919a7b724604&ei=83 The article tells, the gravitational waves can move by speed of light and can produce a light beam- the light beam is created by the gravitational waves motions- the article tells- the light beam can be produced by the Motion Energy – The article tells (The High Velocity Motion Can Produce A Light Beam)- here the article removed simply The Sun Nuclear Fusion Machine- the whole machine be useless because the light beam can be produced by (the motion energy)- I wish the respectful reader sees the miracle and wonder behind- There are 2 major changes (1st Change) The source of energy The source of energy is the motion energy– No longer the sun mass be used as the sun rays source of energy- BUT – the motion energy is used as the source of energy – here- the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory is seen clearly – because- the solar system is so rich in motion energy- the moving planets since thousands of years provide massive motion energy stored in the space- and by that- the solar system is very rich system in the motion energy- and we should ask (why do we need an outer source of energy?) why the solar system doesn't use its massive motion energy to produce the light beam? Also if the massive motion energy is not used- where's this massive energy? because it can cause continuous risk for the soalr system stability if no way to use this stored massive energy The sun nuclear fusion theory is completely wrong because it doesn't see the massive motion energy stored in the solar system (2nd Change) the light beam production machine The gravitational waves motions can produce the light beam- this is stated by the article but how? by what method the gravitational waves can produce the light beam? The article doesn't explain how the gravitational waves can produce a light beam? But I put an explanation for this method in my theory discussion

2nd Theory (My Theory) I suppose the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- let's remember my theory because we will use it in the waves properties discussion I asked –where any moving body produce energy by its motion =(1/2 mv^2), where's Planet motion energy? The planet can NOT store its motion energy inside its body because it would raise its temperature and No planet temperature is raised by its motion- logically- the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- Planet motion energy creates waves in the space- the planet motion in the space is similar to a fish swimming in the sea- as fish swimming creates waves in the water planet motion energy creates waves in the space- means planet moves and creates waves in space and these waves move by velocity equal this planet velocity by that- for example- Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in the space and creates waves move by equal velocity (47.4 km/s)- based on this idea- All planets move and their motions create waves move by these planets velocities – AND I suppose these waves are the gravitational waves AND The planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction and for that their motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move perpendicular on the revolution direction (Toward Pluto orbit) AND In Pluto orbit these waves are unified together into one unified wave- this wave moves by a velocity = 205.8 km/s = the planets velocities total

I explained this theory before in more details- now – let's discover the gravitational waves properties and features in details- let's put this analysis in the next point (third point) because we need to analyze the wave reflection process to discover the waves properties and features

Third Point (The Gravitational Waves Reflection)

Let's ask Question No.(1) If the gravitational waves move by velocity 205.8 km/s, how can they move by speed of light? How the velocity 205.8 km/s can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light) and where this acceleration is done? Another question can help greatly this discussion Question No.(2) If The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light (C=300000 Km/S)- How Can These Waves Produce A Light Beam? Let's think how to answer this question- these gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam production needs the value (C^2= squared speed of light)- means- the wave velocity is squared- and how can the wave velocity to be squared? This feature I have discovered in the solar system- the waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocities- means- the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system- the gravitational waves before the reflection moved by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) and the reflection causes the velocity to be squared- by that- after the reflection the gravitational waves speed is squared and changed from the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) to be (C^2= squared speed of light) and the light beam is created from this value (C^2) Means- the waves reflection is the method by which the speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is changed into (C^2)- that means- without the waves reflection NO light beam can be created. Notice– the waves reflection is proved strongly in the solar system because it causes to reflect the planets data- means- huge amount of planets data proves the waves reflection–we may remember one example – planet velocity is defined by the rule (v1v2=constant) this rule proves the planets velocities are reflected on each other The paper provides hundreds of similar data proves the waves reflection AND The waves reflection causes to square the velocity- this feature is repeated in the solar system frequently – because- the waves are reflected three times in the solar system for that the velocity squaring is a feature repeated with each reflection and by that the planets data provides a strong proof for it- Shortly- The waves reflection causes to square the velocities- now- let's use this feature to know how the unified wave its velocity (205.8 km/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- (Please note this unified wave is the gravitational wave)

The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light The unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by 205.8 km/s and it's reflected, the waves reflection causes to square the velocities (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s Means the unified wave after the reflection moves by a velocity 42683 km/s BUT If a particle moves by speed (=0.99 C=297000 km/s), this high velocity motion causes to create relativistic effects specially Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1 Means- the distances should be contracted by the rate 7.1 BUT The waves reflection causes to reflect the geometrical effects and by that the rate (7.1) will cause to increase the length in place of the length contraction- means- the distances will be increased with (7.1) as a result for Lorentz length contraction effect The velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (Speed Of Light) That explains how the gravitational waves move by (205.8 k/s) can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) NOTICE No. (1) Please note the important observation Without 7.1 the velocity will be only 42683 km/s (even after the waves reflection) and NOT the speed of light That tells- the light beam production process depends on the previous light beam production process- means- a motion by (99%) of speed of light should be found before the wave reflection occurrence and without this motion with (0.99 C) the gravitational waves can't move by speed of light because we need a source for Lorentz length contraction effect with rate (7.1) That tells the light production process is done in chain process, the new light beam production depends on the old light beam and if this dependency is removed the gravitational waves can NOT move by the speed of light and No light beam can be created in this case NOTICE No. (2) We need to pay more attention for the importance of the motion by the speed of light- because the technique of the machine depends on the waves reflection- means- the waves can increase its velocity only by the reflection process – now the reflection causes to square the velocities- this is very important news why?? Because - If the waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s), the waves reflection will produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam can be produced Now – suppose the wave velocity is less than speed of light- suppose the wave moves by speed = (90%) of the speed of light= (270000 km/s) - the waves reflection will square this speed that will produce (0.81 C^2) which is NOT (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result No Light Beam Can Be Produced (CONT) Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292 Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013) E-mail [email protected] [email protected] ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1041-7147 Facebook https://www.facebook.com/gergis.tawadrous VK https://vk.com/id696655587 Tumblr https://www.tumblr.com/blog/itsgerges Livejournal https://gerges2022.livejournal.com/profile Pocket https://getpocket.com/@646g8dZ0p3aX5Ad1bsTr4d9THjA5p6a5b2fX99zd54g221E4bs76eBdtf6aJw5d0?src=navbar box https://app.box.com/s/47fwd0gshir636xt0i3wpso8lvvl8vnv Academia https://rudn.academia.edu/GergesTawadrous publications http://vixra.org/author/gerges_francis_tawdrous Slideshare https://www.slideshare.net/Gergesfrancis

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The Gravitational Waves Reflection In The Solar System (Analytical Study)

The Gravitational Waves Reflection In The Solar System (Analytical Study) or Abstract Paper question If The Gravitational Waves Are Refl

Abstract

Paper question

If The Gravitational Waves Are Reflected In The Solar System- How Can We Discover Or Prove That? And What's The Useful Result Of This Reflection?

Paper hypothesis

The Gravitational Waves Are Reflected In The Solar System- And This Reflection Causes To Square The Wave Velocity- Means- The Wave Velocity After The Reflection Be Squared The Wave Velocity Before The Reflection-

The hypothesis explanation

Preface

The Gravitational Waves Source And Motion Trajectory

Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light?

Can A Light Beam Be Created By The Gravitational Waves Motion?

The Sun Rays Production Mechanism

The Sun Rays Production Details

If the gravitational wave moves by a velocity 205.8 km/s how can this wave velocity be accelerated to be equal the speed of light (300000 km/s)?

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Effects On The Motion Data

The Gravitational Waves Reflection Proves (General Proves)

Venus Reflected The Gravitational Wave Toward Mars (The 3rd reflection)

What's The Negative Effect Done By Neptune Motion On The Gravitational Waves?

Can The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time?

The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time (Deep Analysis)

Notice/ The Paper Definitions Are In Page No. (109) –

The Definitions Are

(mass gravity definition)

(The Sun Gravitational Field Theory Refutation)

(the space nature)

(the gravitational waves- the source and motion trajectory)

(planet velocity definition)

(the data distribution in the solar system)

(the star is found depending on its planets motions)

(the sun is created after all planets creation and motion)

(Planet Motion definition)

(Planet Diameter Is Created By A Mathematical Equation)

(Planet Mass definition)

(The Matter Definition)

(Can The Light Move Into The Past?)

(Why Can Not The Matter Move Into The Past?)

(Can A Mystery Be Found In The Solar System Creation?)

Paper Hypothesis Explanation And Discussion

(1st Item) Preface

The Sun Gravitational Field Theory Refutation

The Sun Doesn't Create A Gravitational Field Nor Has Massive Gravity – there are 3 proves for this fact

(1st Proof)

(2nd Proof)

No Planet Moves By The Sun Gravity – Newton is wrong- because- the planet moves by the force caused its creation- means- the planet creation and motion is done by one force only- because- if two forces have effects on the same one planet this planet would be broken- now- suppose the planet is created (by any force) and the sun gravity attracted this planets and forced it to revolve around the sun by the sun mass massive gravity (as Newton imagined) that would force the planet to move against its inner creation and will cause this planet to be broken- this is similar to a human is forced to walk on his hands in place of his legs and when this human refuses to do that (they told him we can force you by our power) for that this human walk on his hands forcedly and later this human is dead by this motion- shortly- the planet is NOT broken by its motion because the planet creation force is the force causes this planet motion- it's one force caused the planet creation and motion-

(3rd Proof)

The mass gravity force can NOT cause any motion- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses- (the Earth and the moon are bond by the mass gravity)- by that they are similar to a lorry and its trailer – if the lorry moves the trailer will move with the lorry- but the mass gravity can NOT cause any motion- why? suppose the moon moves by the Erath gravity force- the moon moves an produces energy (1/2mv^2) and we have to ask from what source this energy will be provided- from the mass itself- means if the Earth causes the moon to move the Earth and the moon masses should be decreased by the motion energy- this is a wrong definition for the mass gravity- the mass gravity creates a bond between two masses (The Earth and the moon) if some outer force causes the Earth to move the moon will move with it and in this case the outer force will provide the motion energy for the Earth and the moon-

(2nd Item) The Gravitational Waves Source And Motion Trajectory

(1)

Planet moves and produces motion energy (1/2mv^2) and this energy can NOT be stored inside the planet body because the planet temperature would be raised by this energy and no planet temperature is raised by its motion- that forces us to suppose that the planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form- means- the planet motion in the space is similar to the fish swimming in the sea- the fish moves because it hits the water by its body and that creates waves in the water and these waves move by the fish motion velocity (because of the reaction force)- similar to that- the planet moves in the space and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity equal the planet velocity- means- Mercury (for example) moves and its motion energy creates waves in the space and these waves move by velocity = Mercury velocity (47.4 km/s) – we understand that these waves are similar to the water waves they move far from their source and can be reflected.

(2)

The planets revolve around the sun in the same direction- for that- the planets motions energies waves move toward Pluto orbit (Perpendicular on the revolution trajectory) and in Pluto orbit the planets motions energies waves are unified into one unified wave which moves by the planets velocities total – means- while the planets revolve around the sun there's one unified wave revolves around the sun and moves by velocity 205.8 km/s (the nine planets velocities total =176 km/s but I add the Earth moon velocity 29.8 km/s because the energy is stored finally in the Earth moon orbit-notice-the moon velocity equals the Earth velocity because they revolve together around the sun- the velocities total is 205.8 km/s )- Shortly – One unified wave revolves around the sun its velocity 205.8 km/s and This wave is found in Pluto orbit

(3)

This unified wave (205.8 km/s) will reflect from Pluto orbit to Venus orbit- the wave reflection details will be discussed later

(4)

This unified wave is the gravitational waves- the scientists have discovered them but they called them (gravitational waves) because the scientists supposed the waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- while the waves are produced by the planets motions energies – as we have seen the logical analysis forces us to accept that the gravitational waves must be produced by the planets motions energies because no place to store the planet motion energy except in the space as moving waves- by that the waves in the space must be produced by the planets motions energies (also I have refuted the sun gravitational field theory)

(3rd Item) Can The Gravitational Waves Move By Speed Of Light?

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

this new article tells the gravitational waves can move by the speed of light and can produce a light beam-

The article tells new information- its tells the light beam can be produced by gravitational waves motion energy when these waves move by speed of light – but the wave move by speed of light how can this wave produce a light beam?

We should notice that the article still believes the gravitational waves are produced by the sun gravitational field- this theory which I have refuted completely- but here we don't interest for the gravitational waves source but we interest for this amazing information tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light (300000 km/s) and can produce a light beam- why is this information so amazing? Because

The sun nuclear fusion theory tells the sun rays is produced by the nuclear fusion process- the article tells there's another method to produce a light beam –

let's compare between the two methods

The sun nuclear fusion theory tells the source of energy is the sun mass which is used by the sun nuclear fusion process to produce the sun rays- means- the source of energy is the sun mass and the light production method is the nuclear fusion process

The article tells some very different thing- it tells the source of energy is the gravitational waves motion energy and the light production method is the gravitational waves motion by speed of light

If the sun rays is created by the gravitational waves motions that will change the whole vision about sun rays production process and may answer many left questions

Before the details discussion- let's ask the direct and simple question-

If the gravitational waves move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) how can these gravitational waves produce a light beam?

Let's answer in the next item

(4thItem) Can A Light Beam Be Created By The Gravitational Waves Motion?

The paper hypothesis tells (The Gravitational Waves Are Reflected In The Solar System- And This Reflection Causes To Square The Wave Velocity- Means- The Wave Velocity After The Reflection Be Squared The Wave Velocity Before The Reflection)

The article tells (the gravitational waves can move by speed of light C=300000 km/s)

If these waves are reflected and the reflection can square the velocities- the speed of light will be squared (C^2) and by this value (C^2 squared speed of light) a light beam can be created- that explains how the gravitational waves moves by speed of light can produce a light beam-

Shortly

If I prove the gravitational waves are reflected in the solar system and this reflection causes to square the velocities that will prove my theory tells (The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays Instead The Sun Rays Is Created By The Planets Motions Energies Total)

The idea is a simple one

The gravitational waves can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) but the light beam can be produced only by the value (C^2)- that tells the gravitational waves velocity must be squared- the velocity is squared only by the reflection of energy – that shows the paper hypothesis importance–because without the squaring of the velocity no light beam can be produced even if the gravitational wave moves by speed of light

I want to say- the wave reflection is the light beam production mechanism spine- because the wave reflection causes to square the wave velocity- means- if the gravitational wave moves by speed of light this speed will be squared by the reflection of the wave and by that the value (C^2 = squared speed of light) will be created by which the light beams can be produced.

The idea can be useful only if the wave reflection can square the wave velocity- the hypothesis proves will disprove the sun nuclear fusion theory completely – let's see in following how the sun rays are produced in details

(5th Item) The Sun Rays Production Mechanism

The idea is more clear now

The gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- and the planets motion energies waves are unified into one unified gravitational wave which moves by (205.8 km/s) =the planets velocities total – the waves unification is done in Pluto orbit and by that the unified velocity be (205.8 km/s) in Pluto orbit

Shortly

While the planets revolve around the sun there's one gravitational wave revolves around the sun and moves by velocity (205.8 km/s) –

The new article tells the gravitational waves can move by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)- and these waves can produce a light beam!

These are all available data – and – what's the requirement?

We have a waves move by velocity (205.8 km/s) and we want this wave to move by speed = (C^2 squared speed of light) – let's try to do that in following

The First Reflection

The unified wave (The Gravitational Wave) moves by (205.8 km/s) is reflected from Pluto orbit to Venus orbit- this reflection of energy squares the velocities and causes this wave to move by speed of light – let's see how

300000 = (205.8)^2 x 7.1

The motion by (0.99C) creates relativistic effects – specifically Lorentz length contraction effect by rate 7.1, Means- if a particle its length 7.1 meter moves by speed (0.99C) this particle length will be contracted and be one meter only- let's analyze the equation

The unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is reflected and that caused to square the velocity (205.8 km/s)^2 = 42683 km/s now the rate (7.1) causes contraction for the lengths but because of the energy reflection the geometrical effects will be reflected also- means the rate (7.1) doesn't cause to contract the length but increase the lengths and by that the velocity 42683 km/s will be 42683 km/s x 7.1 = 300000 km/s (speed of light = C)

Shortly- the wave reflection from Pluto to Venus causes to square the wave velocity and that accelerate the wave velocity to move by speed of light –

Means- the wave reaches Venus moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

The second Reflection (in fact the 3rd reflection)

The unified wave (gravitational wave) reaches to Venus orbit with speed (300000 km/s)- then Venus reflects the unified wave toward Mars- this reflection causes to square the velocity- before the reflection the wave moves by speed of light and after the reflection the speed is squared and the wave shows the value (C^2 squared speed of light) by which the light beam can be created (the sun rays creation)

The idea summary tells

The unified wave is reflected two times in the solar system

In the first time- the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light =C)

In the second time- the unified wave velocity (300000 km/s = speed of light =C) be accelerated to be C^2 (squared speed of light) and the light beam is produced by this value C^2 (squared speed of light)

Now we understand this simple idea- but there are 2 left Major Questions

(1st Question) how the wave velocity (205.8 km/s) can be accelerated to be 300000 km/s (speed of light = C)? by what method the wave is accelerated?

(2nd Question) Are the unified wave reflected two times only in the solar system?

Let's leave the 1st question to discuss later and answer the 2nd question in following,

How many times the unified wave reflected in the solar system?

Three times (by Pluto, by Saturn and by Venus) -while the required is only two times- so why the wave is reflected three times?

Neptune caused negative effect on the energy reflection by Pluto, by that the energy doesn't reach to Venus- that forces Saturn to reflect the wave one more time to do the same job of Pluto reflection

Means- the first reflection by Pluto failed to square the velocity and accelerate the wave motion to move by speed of light- this failure is done by Neptune negative effect on the wave energy- because of that- Saturn does another reflection for the wave energy and by Saturn reflection the wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is squared and the motion is accelerated to be done by speed of light (300000 km/s),

Shortly- in place of one reflection by Pluto, the unified wave is reflected two times by Pluto and by Saturn but these two reflections do only the role of one supposed reflection (from Pluto to Venus)- by this one reflection the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) will be accelerated to be speed of light (300000 km/s) and by that the wave reach to Venus moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

Venus reflects the wave again toward Mars (the 3rd reflection), by this reflection the speed of light is squared and produced (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value (C^2) the light beam is produced (the sun rays is created)

Notice

In Lorentz transformations study- there's a major question asks (Can particle own data and dimensions be changed by the high velocity motion?)

Shortly- Lorentz transformation tells– if a particle moves by high velocity motion- this particle own length will be contracted and its time will be dilated and its mass will be increased- these changes are defined by Lorentz transformations and we know these are real changes in this particle own data - BUT

Some researchers tell No Real Changes are done for the particle own data but they are illusions of measurements (means Lorentz transformations measure illusions)

I refuse this opinion - BECAUSE

The Physics Is The Measurements Science And What's Measured Is The Fact

If no real changes are done how the problem of Michelson and Morelly experiment is solved?- also- we can't understand why the synchronous events in one frame can't be synchronous in another (as Einstein stated) where no real change is found for any data- the distances are Not contracted nor the time is dilated nor the mass is increased why the events can NOT be synchronous in any frame?

If the particle own data are measured correctly while it moves by my motion velocity and these measurements are suffered from illusions because the particle moves by high velocity motion relative to my motion velocity that means (I'm the universe reference point)

We notice- Lorentz length contraction equation can't distinguish between particle length and a distance, both can be contracted by the same one equation- that supports my theory tells (The Matter And The Space Are Created From The Same Energy)– If the space is similar to the sea of water the matter will be similar to a whirlpool (or vortex) on the sea page- both the matter and space are created from the same one energy- that gives chance to change the matter dimensions by its motion

My planet diameter equation proves the planet diameter is created depending on its velocity- means- for example– Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s- this fact is proved by my Equation strongly - that tells the motion has effect on the matter dimensions and data definition which supports the same meaning of Lorentz transformation.

(6th Item) The Sun Rays Creation Details

The sun is NOT doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays- but- the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies- generally- the star rays is created by the gravitational waves which are produced by its planets motions energies – there are 4 facts prove that – let's refer to these facts in following

1st Fact

The Sun Corona Temperature is 5 millions Kelvin but the sun surface is 5800 Kelvin

This fact puzzles the scientists – No puzzle here-

Simply the sun rays is Not produced by the sun nuclear fusion but by the planets motions energies – the energy is Not produced from the sun body but by the planets motions energies – means- The energy out of the sun is greater hundreds times the energy inside the sun because the energy is provided by the planets motions energies-

The Sun Corona Temperature proves that the sun is NOT doing nuclear fusion to produce its rays – instead the planets motions energies total is used as the source of energy to produce the sun rays

2nd Fact

The gravitational waves are created by the planets motions energies- I have proved that- simply Planet motion energy (1/2mv^2) should be stored in the space in moving waves because no other place to store this energy- that tells the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies- this is a doubtless conclusion- the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies-

Here we see clearly the fatal error of the sun nuclear fusion theory because the solar planets revolve around the sun moving continuously and by this motion massive motion energy must be produced and that tells massive motion energy must be stored in the space in moving waves- so we have to ask (when and how this stored energy will be used?) understandable the energy can not be stored in the space forever without using- means- the sun rays is the outlet for the stored motion energy and the using of this stored energy protects the solar system from all risks found by the unused stored energy-

The logical problem here tells, the scientists create a strange source of energy (the sun mass) to produce the sun rays by the nuclear fusion process and no one interests for the planet motion energy nor the stored massive energy in the space-

The mistake is that- the scientists supposed the planet moves and produces NO energy while the motion energy (1/2 mv^2) is elementary concept in the classical mechanics

The planets motions energies create a very great problem for the sun nuclear fusion theory and disproves it because No Source Of Energy Is Required where massive motion energy is stored in the solar system and needs to be used – here the sun rays is the outlet for this massive motion energy and provide the energy in very useful and peaceful method-

3rd Fact

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

this article tells the gravitational waves can move by the speed of light and can produce a light beam- the question was (If the gravitational waves move by speed of light how can these waves produce a light beam?) – the answer was –

the gravitational waves are reflected and the reflection causes to square the velocity and by that the gravitational wave moves by speed of light and when this wave be reflected its velocity will be squared and by that the value (C^2= squared speed of light) by this value the light beam can be created.

here the planets data depends on this process – let's see that-

the unified wave move by the velocity (205.8 km/s)= the planets velocities total- the square of this velocity will produce the speed of light (205.8)^2 x 7.1 = 300000 as I have explained before- then the speed of light square will produce (C^2= squared speed of light) and by this value the light beam will be created –

means- the planets data is in harmony with the light production process

please note- the energy reflection is proved strongly because the planets data is reflected by it (later we will discuss the reflection of energy proves)- means- I provide a theory shows full harmony with the planets data that prove the theory is a fact because the planets data proves it

NOTICE

Before the Earth moon creation the planets velocities total was 176 km/s (the nine planets velocities total only without the moon velocity)- let's try to reflect this wave

The wave reflection causes to square its velocity (176)^=30976 km/s

Now we use Lorentz length contraction effect rate 7.1

The result is 30976 x 7.1 = 220000 km/s

Here I accelerated the unified wave its velocity (176 km/s) by the same Method I used for the velocity (205.8 km/s) but the wave (176 km/s) after acceleration produce the velocity 220000 km/s which equal (75% of speed of light) and this velocity square can NOT produce the value (C^2 squared speed of light) and by that NO Light Beam can be created

Let's review our wave velocity

(205.8)^ x 7.1 = 300000

Means- the unified wave with velocity 205.8 km/s is the only wave can produce the light beam by the reflection of energy- that tells us – the sun is created after the Earth moon creation – and also tells the planets data is in full harmony with the sun rays creation by the gravitational waves motions- this analysis gives proof for my theory tells (The Sun Is Not Doing Nuclear Fusion To Produce Its Rays But The Sun Rays Is Created By The Planets Motions Energies Total)

4thFact

The previous analysis proves the sun rays is created by the planets motions energies and not by the sun nuclear fusion- can we add one more crucial proof for this fact? Yes – the crucial proof tells that (the sun rays is created by a relative motion)

Means the method by which the sun rays is created is (the relative motion)- let's examine this proof in following

(i)

As we have seen the light production depends on a gravitational wave moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) then this wave is reflected and by the reflection the speed of light will be squared and produced the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and by this value the light beam can be created

Means- the main player to produce the light beam is the gravitational wave moves by speed of light- then let's ask- suppose this wave moves by speed less than speed of light what would happen? In this case the energy reflection will not produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and as a result NO Light Beam can be created

Means- the process cornerstone is the wave motion by speed of light? But relative to what? The question asks (if the wave moves by speed of light relative to what?)

Of course the wave moves by speed of light relative to the sun point because the different velocity between the wave motion and the sun point motion will produce the light beam- means- the light beam is produced by a relative motion and this motion has two players which are

(1st player) the unified wave moves by 205.8 km/s and after its reflection will move by the speed of light 300000 km/s

(2nd player) the sun point of space moves by 1 km/s (stationary point)

(ii)

How can the sun point move by 1 km/s and its velocity never increased?

We understand the space is movable and not static and the gravitational waves prove the space has motion- means- no stationary point can be found in the space (as no stationary point can be found on the sea because every thing moves by the sea waves) by that the point moves by 1 km/s (a stationary point) is a point created by some design because it can Not be found by nature- let's create this stationary point in following

The planets revolve around a point in space (any point in space) the revolution creates two velocities on both sides of the revolution- the two velocities are equal in value opposite in direction and by that the total be Zero –

Means- the revolution design creates a stationary point in the revolution center

By that the sun point (1 km/s) is created by the planets revolution around it

By the stationary point creation a relative motion is created- and this relative motion has two players as referred before

(1st player) the unified wave revolves around the sun with velocity 205.8 km/s and after its reflection the velocity will be equal the speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

(2nd player) the sun point of space (1 km/s) (stationary point)

(iii)

We should pay attention to the sun point because it's the process cornerstone - Why?

Because the unified wave (gravitational wave) can not move by speed greater than speed of light (C=300000 km/s) where the speed of light is the wave velocity limit

But- the different velocity between the unified wave velocity and the sun point velocity should be equal = 300000 km/s = speed of light because any less different velocity can NOT produce the light beam –

That tells the sun point of space should be stationary point (1 km/s) and its velocity should NOT be increased in any case-

What's The Information Told By This Analysis?

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

The article tells the gravitational waves can move by the speed of light- but- the fact is that- the different velocity between the gravitational wave and the sun point of space is the speed of light- the wave move relative to the sun point of space- as any other motion-

For example Pluto velocity is 4.7 km/s- why? because Pluto moves relative to the sun point of space and Pluto velocity 4.7 km/s and the sun point is (1 km/s) and the different velocity is 4.7 km/s- all motions are done relative to the sun point of space because the energy storing aims to- create the sun rays- by that- if the article tells the wave moves by speed of light that means the different velocity between the wave and the sun motions is the speed of light – that makes the sun stationary point 1 km/s

Shortly – if the sun point moves by any velocity faster than 1 km/s NO Light Beam Can Be Created and NO Sun Rays can Be Produced-

The sun point velocity is the process spine

(iv)

This analysis proves the sun rays is created by the gravitational waves energy (the planets motion energies) and not by any nuclear fusion process- and also refutes the sun nuclear fusion theory completely- why? for 2 reasons

1st Reason

The sun rotation period is (25.4 days at equator) and the sun circumference is 4.37 million km- this motion velocity is 2 km/s

Means if the sun moves by 2 km/s, the sun will rotate around its axis one complete rotation in 25.4 days

This data proves the sun point is the stationary point because the actual accounts show the sun point velocity is 2 km/s

Notice -

The solar system geometrical design supposes the velocity of the sun point is 1 km/s but the real velocity is 2 km/s – it is NOT small change in Value – it's a great change in the whole machine- but the machine still can produce a light beam spite of that

And to produce the light beam- the machine has to depend on (2 seconds) in place of (1 second) and for that the planets motions distances total should be= (180000 million km) in place of the required distance (90000 million km) - Means – this small change in the sun point velocity (from 1 km/s to 2 km/s) causes to double the passed distances by the planets to produce the sun rays- we can imagine if the sun point moves by 15 km/s in this case it will be impossible to produce the light beam

Notice- (C^2 squared speed of light) equals 90000 million km if the period is one second- means- the planets motions distances total be 90000 million km in some period of time but the rates of time makes this period to be equivalent to one second of the sun clock that creates the value (C^2 squared speed of light)

The problem now is that- the sun velocity is 2 km/s that forces the planets to pass total distance = 180000 million km to create the rate (90000 million km for one second)

That shows the great effect of the smallest change of the sun point velocity

2nd Reason

The sun position and data is defined based on very accurate mathematical calculations

The designer paid so great attention and incredible interest for this point- because of its massive importance and effect- for that- the designer made the sun position in the sky and the sun creation data to depend on exact mathematical calculations and strict geometrical rules to guarantee the sun point velocity Never to be faster than 1 km/s

Let's see some examples to explain that

Example No.(1)

We See The Sun Disc= The Moon Disc which enable the total solar eclipse to be occurred because

The sun diameter / the moon diameter= Earth orbital distance/ earth moon distance

Why does the diameters rate equal = the distances rate?

Example No.(2)

4900 mkm (Jupiter orbital circumference) = 1.39 mkm (the sun diameter) x 3475 km =12104 km x 406000 km = 12756 km x 384000 km = 6792 km x 2 x 363000 km

3475 km = the moon diameter 12104 km = Venus diameter

12756 km = The Earth diameter 6792 km = Mars diameter

363000 km, 384000 km and 406000 km are the distances between the Earth and its moon in perigee, orbital distance and apogee radiuses respectively

The previous examples show that the sun creation data and its position in the sky are defined based on accurate mathematical calculations- but why? and what's the useful result of these data proportionalities

The designer aimed to make the velocity of the sun point of space to be 1 km/s and He interested to guarantee that the velocity can Never be faster than 1 km/s – because any faster velocity than 1 km/s will destroy the chance of the light beam production- BUT

What's the relationship between the sun creation data and its velocity?

This question is answered by my planet diameter equation- the equation proves that the planet diameter is defined based on this planet velocity- for example- Neptune diameter is 49528 km because Neptune velocity is 5.4 km/s that shows the change in velocity can change the diameter (my planet diameter equation proves that strongly) and based on that, the sun diameter is effected by the sun velocity and vice versa for that reason these proportionalities are necessary to guarantee the sun point of space to be (1 km/s) and never be faster.

(v)

The sun position and creation data by accurate mathematical calculations was necessary to guarantee the sun point of space velocity to be 1 km/s and never be faster by that the sun be the stationary point- these calculations will be useless if the sun rays is created by the sun nuclear fusion process-

Means- the sun nuclear fusion theory doesn't see the massive motion energy which is found in the solar system and also doesn't see the relative motion which is the method to produce the sun rays- by that – the theory doesn't see the accurate calculations behind the sun position and its creation data- that tells- the sun nuclear fusion theory is completely very strange theory from the solar system geometrical concept and design.

(7th Item) If the gravitational wave moves by a velocity 205.8 km/s how can this wave velocity be accelerated to move by the speed of light (300000 km/s)?

(1)

The wave acceleration depends on the sun rate of time (one second of the sun clock = 1461 seconds of the Earth clock) by that the unified wave (205.8 km/s) moves a distance 300000 km in 1461 seconds for the Earth clock shows the velocity is 205.8 km/s but the period is one second for The Sun clock shows the velocity 300000 km/s (speed of light) –means- the wave velocity is 205.8 km/s relative for the Earth but the same wave moves by 300000 km/s (speed of light) relative to the sun

The wave acceleration method is the sun rate of time

notice- for the motion by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) the rate of time is (1=1461) but for the motion by (C^2) the rate of time is (1=1461^2) means (1=2134521)

BUT

The sun rate of time is found always why the acceleration is done only for the unified wave (205.8 km/s) which is sent from Pluto (and Saturn) to Venus?

There are 2 reasons

(1st Reason)

The sun rate of time causes to accelerate any wave- but not all waves can be working- let's remember the acceleration for the wave its velocity 176 km/s (the nine planets velocities total without the Earth moon velocity)

The wave velocity is 176 km/s - let's try to reflect this wave

The wave reflection causes to square its velocity (176)^=30976 km/s

Now we use Lorentz length contraction effect rate 7.1

The result is 30976 x 7.1 = 220000 km/s

On the contrary, the acceleration of the unified wave (205.8 km/s) will produce the speed of light – (205.8)^2 x 7.1 = 300000 – and this speed of light will be squared by Venus reflection and the value (C^2) be produced and this value can produce a light beam- Means- all waves can be accelerated but the working wave is specific one

(2nd Reason)

Again- The sun rate of time causes to accelerate any wave- BUT the acceleration process is done by energy- the rate of time is a method (as a generator can produce electricity) but the generator will work when you put fuel in it– the method is available but the process is done by energy-

We know the energy is reflected from (Pluto and Saturn) to Venus that tells the unified wave velocity in Pluto is 205.8 km/s but the wave velocity in Venus is 300000 km/s (speed of light) because the energy is in Venus orbit and Not in Pluto orbit-

Notice

The wave acceleration depends on the sun rate of time- means- the motion energy must be ascending to reach to the sun corona and there the waves acceleration is done Means

All planets see the unified wave moves by velocity (205.8 km/s)- no any acceleration for the unified wave (205.8 km/s) is recorded in any planet because the acceleration needs the energy reaches to the sun corona (to depend on the sun rate of time)- by that the wave velocity is NOT changed for all planets

BUT

Let's look deeply as possible

The unified wave velocity is 205.8 km/s in Pluto orbit –Now if this wave is ascending to the sun and this wave moves into the sun corona- the wave velocity in the sun corona will be 205.8 km/s only – why? because the wave is not accelerated

Then

The unified wave will be reflected by Pluto (and Saturn) toward to Venus – now – the wave has acceleration by the reflection of energy- the wave moves in Venus orbit with its velocity (205.8 km/s)- but if this wave is ascending toward the sun and moves into the sun corona – the wave velocity in the sun corona will be 300000 km/s (speed of light) why? because the wave is reflected one reflection only (the acceleration is done for one time only)

Then

The unified wave will be reflected by Venus toward to Mars– now – the wave has second acceleration by the reflection of energy- the wave moves in Mars orbit with its velocity (205.8 km/s)- but if this wave is ascending toward the sun and moves into the sun corona – the wave velocity in the sun corona will be (C^2= squared speed of light) because the wave is accelerated two times (has two reflections)

That's exactly what's happening

The unified wave energy is reflected from Venus to Mars and the energy be found in the distance between the Venus and Mars (especially between the Earth and Mars)

Specifically the energy is saved in the total lunar eclipse umbra (that's why the umbra length = 1.392 million km = the sun diameter)- the energy is found in the distance around the total lunar eclipse umbra-

Then the energy moves (perpendicular) on the motion direction –

For that the energy ascending toward the sun and the energy moves into the sun corona- there the energy depends on the sun rate of time and the motion energy now can produce the value (C^2= squared speed of light) and from this value the light beam is created (the sun rays is produced)

(8th Item) The Gravitational Waves Reflection Effects On The Motion Data

(1)

The unified wave (the gravitational wave) is reflected in the solar system three times

1st reflection the unified wave is reflected from Pluto toward Venus

2nd reflection the unified wave is reflected from Saturn toward Venus

3rd reflection the unified wave is reflected from Venus toward Mars

(means- the unified wave is reflected from Pluto to Venus by that the wave is sent from Pluto to Neptune to Uranus to Saturn but in Saturn orbit the wave is reflected one more time and after the reflection the wave continues its motion toward Venus then the wave reached Venus orbit and Venus reflected the wave toward Mars and finally the wave energy is stored in the Earth moon orbit between Venus and Mars)

Means- while the planets revolve around the sun there's one unified wave moves by (205.8 km/s) and revolves around the sun through Earth Moon Orbit.

(2)

Please note- the unified wave velocity analysis and the reflection effect on it shows that the required reflection are two reflections only and not three- let's explain that –

The unified wave velocity is (205.8 km/s) and in the first reflection this velocity will be squared which causes to accelerate the unified wave motion to move by speed of light (300000 km/s) means the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) will be accelerated to reach to the speed of light by the first reflection- in the second reflection the velocity will be squared also- now the unified wave moves by speed of light (300000 km/s) and this velocity will be squared to be (C^2= squared speed of light) by the second reflection and the value (C^2) will produce a light beam-

Means- by two reflections only the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) will be accelerated to be equal (C^2= squared speed of light) by which the light beam can be created and by that the sun rays will be produced by the planets motions energies- but the unified wave is reflected three times in the solar system – Why??

Neptune caused a negative effect on the energy reflected by Pluto- by that- the energy reflection by Pluto can't be sent to Venus – Neptune negative effect caused frustration for the wave reflection by Pluto and that forced Saturn to reflect the unified wave one more time to perform the same job- shortly- the unified wave (205.8 km/s) is reflected two times (by Pluto and by Saturn), but these two reflections perform the job of one reflection only because of Neptune negative effect on Pluto reflection of energy – Neptune negative effect is explained in details in point no. (**)

(3)

The wave energy reflection can be discovered easily because of the changes in data which are done by the reflection – let's refer to these changes in following

The data is reflected- what's used as (A) before the reflection will be used as (1/A) after the reflection.

The data which is used as (a distance) before the reflection will be used as (a period of time) after the reflection

The velocities be squared – by that the rate (v1/v2) before reflection will be (v1/v2)^2 after the reflection.

The energy direction is changed by the reflection usually–means-the energy moves toward Pluto will be reflected and sent toward Venus (change in the direction)

The players of the rates of time are reflected also – for example (one second of the wave clock =205.8 seconds of the sun clock) before the reflection and will be (one second of the sun clock =205.8 seconds of the wave clock) after the reflection

The planets motions use different rates of time (discussed in point no. (**))

How can the energy reflection be proved? The planets data is reflected on each other – for example- Venus orbital inclination is 3.4 degrees and Pluto orbital inclination is 17.2 degrees where sin (3.4) = 1/17.2 – in the next point I provide more proves.

(9th Item) The Gravitational Wave Reflection Proves (general proves)

The reflection of energy is proved by powerful of data I provide here 4 proves only

(1st proof) the planet velocity analysis proves the reflection of energy

The planet velocity is defined by two rules

1st rule my fifth equation (v1v2=constant = 322)

Let's prove the rule in following

322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)

322 = 35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2

322 = 29.8 km/s (Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocity) x 2

322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)

The data shows that the planets velocities are complementary one another- means- the planets velocities are created in double– means- Mercury and Uranus velocities are created together based on the rule (v1v2=322)

Please note, the rule is effective on the planet motion in different features not only the planet velocity because (for the inner planets) the planet orbital inclination be =v1/v2 for example (47.4/6.8)= 7 where Mercury orbital inclination =7 degrees.

Means the rule (v1v2=322) not only define the planets velocities but also define many other features in the planet motion (notice, the outer planets define their orbital inclinations based on my planet diameter equation)

2nd rule (v1v2=1)

This rule uses the planets velocities per solar day

Pluto velocity per solar day 0.406 million km But 1/0.406 = 2.46

Neptune velocity per solar day 0.4468 million km But 1/0.4668 = 2.082

Uranus velocity per solar day 0.587 million km But 1/0.587 = 1.7

Saturn velocity per solar day 0.838 million km But 1/0.838 = 1.19

The Earth moon velocity per solar day 2.4 million km

Mars velocity per solar day 2.082 million km

Venus velocity per solar day 3.024 million km =1.7 x (π)^0.5

Jupiter velocity per solar day 1.1318 million km

Pluto velocity is reversed with the Earth moon velocity

Neptune velocity is reversed with Mars velocity

Uranus velocity is reversed with Venus velocity

Saturn velocity is reversed with Jupiter velocity

The Rules Analysis

The two rules can be understood- if we suppose that the energy is reflected in the solar system- that makes the inner planets velocities to be reflected with the outer planets velocities- the reflection causes the two rules (v1v2=322) and (v1v2=1)

The constants are different because the first rule uses the planets velocities based on seconds but the second rule uses the planets velocities based on the solar day- means the constants are different between (322) and (1) because the velocities depends on different units of time and the interaction between the solar day and the second caused to use the constants (322) and (1)

1st Question- why is the constant = 322?

1160000 seconds = 322 hours

We know the solar system is created from one light beam energy and this light beam moves by speed 1.16 million km per second- that tells the planets velocities are defined based on this speed 1.16 million km per second

Notice

322 =47.4 x 6.8 – this data tells

Mercury (47.4 km/s) moves in 6.8 hours a distance = 1.16 million km and

Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves in 47.4 hours a distance = 1.16 million km and

That shows the planets velocities are defined based on the speed 1.16 million km per second.

2nd Question- how can the players be changed?

For example –Pluto is the complementary planet with Venus 4.7 x 2 x 35 =322

How can Pluto (0.406) be complementary with the moon (2.4)?

The players are not changed- the planet velocities are effected by Uranus orbital inclination (0.8 degrees) and that caused to change the planets velocities let's see that in following-

0.8 x 4.095 (Mercury velocity daily) = 1.0725 x 3.024 (Venus velocity daily)

0.8 x 3.024 (Venus velocity daily) = 2.4 (The moon velocity daily)

0.8 x 2.574 (The Earth velocity daily) = 2.082 (Mars velocity daily) /1.0725

0.8 x 1.1318 (Jupiter velocity daily) = 0.838 (Saturn velocity daily) x 1.0725

As we see Uranus orbital inclination (0.8) has effect on all planets velocities and that caused to change the velocities- the puzzle is that – when the planets velocities are effected by Uranus orbital inclination that changed the planets velocities but the change produced other planets velocities means

Mercury velocity is changed into Venus velocity and

Venus velocity is changed into the moon velocity and

The moon velocity is changed into Mars velocity and

Jupiter velocity is changed into Saturn velocity

That gives the feeling that the players are changed which is not fact

Let's ask– why has Uranus orbital inclination this effect on the planets velocities?

Uranus Orbital Inclination (0.8) is produced by the rate between Neptune and Uranus (π/4)= 0.8 (Uranus orbital inclination 0.8 degrees) – let's explain the reason

The energy is reflected from Pluto and passed through Neptune and Uranus and the interaction between Neptune and Uranus (π/4)= 0.8 creates effect on the energy – that caused effect on the planets velocities and data but the basic rule (v1v2=322) is still as it without change and this same rule still controls the data even after the effect of Uranus and Neptune interaction- shortly- the velocities are changed but the players are not.

(2nd proof)

The planets order proves the energy reflection

I proved Mars original orbit was between Mercury and Venus and Mars had migrated from its original orbit to its current one- by that the inner planets order be as following (Mercury – Mars- Venus – Earth)

The order tells greater diameter needs longer orbital distance

the outer planets order is

(Jupiter – Saturn – Uranus – Neptune – Pluto)

The order tells greater diameter needs shorter orbital distance

The orders are reflected on each other

Please note the planets order depends on the planet diameter and not the mass because Neptune mass is greater than Uranus mass where Neptune diameter is less than Uranus diameter.

(3rd proof)

Each planet orbit is defined based on an angle, these angles are reflected also – let's prove that

(I suppose –There's a right triangle by the three points The Sun, Mercury and Venus)

Now -Venus angle is (61 degrees) because Venus orbital distance (108.2 mkm) x cos (61) = Venus Mercury distance (50.3 mkm) -

Here we can replace Venus with any other planet in the same triangle to define this planet angle based on similar calculation– as a result

Earth angle is (51 degrees) because Earth orbital distance (149.6 mkm) x cos (51) = Earth Mercury distance (91.7 mkm)

Mars angle is (41.7 degrees) because Mars orbital distance (227.9mkm) x cos (41.7)= Mars Mercury distance (170 mkm)-

Jupiter angle is (22.2 degrees) because Jupiter orbital distance (778.6 mkm) x cos (22.2)= Jupiter Mercury distance (721 mkm)

Similar to that – Saturn angle is 16.5, Uranus angle is 11.6 deg, Neptune angle is 9.2 deg and Pluto angle is 8 deg- these angles follow the same system

– for example -Pluto angle is (8 degrees) because Pluto orbital distance (5906 mkm) x cos (8)= Pluto Mercury distance (5848 mkm) –

NOTICE No. (1)

The right angle and its triangle is (a hypothesis) – but we can prove it's fact because (v1/v2) = (θ1/ θ2) -means – these angles are rated with their planets velocities – for example (Neptune velocity 5.4/ Pluto velocity 4.7) = (9.2 deg /8 deg)

NOTICE No. (2)

These angles are reflected on each other proves the energy reflection in the solar system- let's proves that in following

940 = 61 x 2 x 8 = 51 x 2 x 9.2 = 41.7 x 22.2

(61 degrees) is Venus angle

(51 degrees) is The Earth angle

(41.7 degrees) is Mars angle

(8 degrees) is Pluto angle

(9.2 degrees) is Neptune angle

(22.2 degrees) is Jupiter angle

The data shows the angles are reflected on each other and uses behavior typical to the planets velocities behavior which proves the reflection of energy.

(4th Proof) – the next item provide the fourth proof

(10thItem) Venus Reflects The Gravitational Wave Toward Mars (The3rd reflection)

The wave 205.8 km/s is reflected (by Pluto and by Saturn) toward Venus the reflection causes to accelerate the wave velocity to move by speed of light (300000 km/s) in Venus orbit- and then- Venus reflects the wave toward Mars which accelerate the wave velocity one more time and causes its velocity to be (C^2)- finally the wave energy is stored in the Earth moon orbit- Now we discuss this last reflection (3rd reflection) between Venus and Mars- both planets data is changed by this reflection- let's remember the data changes by the energy reflection

The data is reflected- what's used as (A) before the reflection will be used as (1/A) after the reflection.

The data which is used as (a distance) before the reflection will be used as (a period of time) after the reflection

The velocities be squared – by that the rate (v1/v2) before reflection will be (v1/v2)^2 after the reflection.

The energy direction is changed by the reflection usually –means- the energy moves toward Pluto will be reflected and sent toward Venus (change in the direction)

Let's see these changes in Venus and Mars Data

(1)

Venus orbital circumference 680 million km will be used as Mars orbital period (687 days) based on the rate (1 million km = 1 day) –

Also

Venus orbital Period 224.7 days will be used as Mars orbital distance (227.9 million km) based on the same rate (1 million km = 1 day) – (Data Max Error 1.5%)

(2)

Saturn orbital distance =1433 million km = Mars orbital circumference

We understand that the unified wave is reflected (from Pluto and SATURN) to Venus and Venus reflects the unified wave to Mars- by that- Saturn distance (1433 mkm) is seen in Venus data as (a period of time 224.7 days with 227.9 the different is 1.5) and Venus period of time is seen as a distance again in Mars data (227.9 mkm) and by that mars orbital circumference be 227.9 x 2π =1433 million km that explains why Saturn orbital distance = Mars orbital circumference

(3)

Sin (3.4)= 1/17.2 BUT sin (34.4/1.0725) = 1/1.9 where

3.4 deg = Venus orbital inclination 17.2 deg = Pluto orbital inclination

1.9 deg = Mars orbital inclination 1.0725 = length contraction rate

The data shows similar behavior between Pluto and Mars with Venus because the wave is reflected from Pluto (and Saturn) to Venus and from Venus to Mars

(4)

Venus diameter 12104 km/ Mars diameter 6792 km = 3.4 /1.9

Venus diameter 12104 km/ Pluto diameter 2390 km = 17.2 /3.4

Saturn diameter 120536 km/ Venus diameter 12104 km = 3.4 /(2.5 x 7.1) where

3.4 degrees = Venus Orbital Inclination

17.2 degrees = Pluto Orbital Inclination

1.9 degrees = Mars Orbital Inclination

2.5 degrees = Saturn Orbital Inclination

7.1 = Lorentz length contraction effect rate

The data shows similar behavior by all planets because the unified wave is reflected by all these planets (by Pluto, by Saturn and by Venus)

(5)

11.675 days x 2.082 million km = 243 million km

10747 seconds x 35 km/s = 378675 km

2390 seconds x 35 km/s x 1.0725 = 90560 km

Data No. (i) tells Mars velocity per solar day 2.082 million km moves in 116.75 days (Venus day period) a distance =243 million km where 243 days = Venus rotation period

Data No. (ii) tells Venus (35 km/s) moves in 10747 seconds a distance =378675 km (Saturn Circumference) where (10747 days = Saturn orbital period)

Data No. (iii) tells Venus (35 km/s) moves in 2390 seconds a distance =90560 km where (2390 km = Pluto diameter and 90560 days Pluto orbital period)

The data is complex but tells one information that- the receiver planet velocity is used as a rate between 2 data of the sender planet –

For example Data no. (i) it tells Mars velocity daily (2.082) is a rate between 116.75 days and 243 days (Venus day and rotation period respectively) – for the reflection one data is seen as a period and the other is seen as distance

Venus is the sender and Mars is the receiver

Data no. (ii) tells similar meaning- Venus velocity is a rate between 2 data of Saturn-

Venus (35 km/s) moves in (10747 seconds) a distance = 378675 km (Saturn Circumference) - Saturn is the sender and Venus is the receiver

Data no. (iii) tells similar meaning- Venus velocity is a rate between 2 data of Pluto-

Venus (35 km/s) moves in (2390 seconds) a distance x1.0725 = 90560 km (Pluto orbital period 90560 days)- Pluto is the sender and Venus is the receiver (where 2390 km = Pluto diameter)

The data proves the ideas clearly-

Notice the rate 1.0725 is found by Lorentz length contraction effect.

(6)

There's a perpendicularity between Saturn and Venus where 26.7 degrees (Saturn axial tilt) is seen at Venus as 26.7 +90 = 116.75 days (Venus day period)

Notice

(a) (9.5)^2 = 90 but 9.7 km/s (Saturn velocity) is different from 9.5 with (2%)

(b) 26.7 deg (Saturn axial tilt) +90 deg = 116.75 degrees but 116.75 x 0.8 = 93.4 deg (but 90 deg + 3.4 deg Venus orbital inclination)

(d) 177.4 deg (Venus Axial Tilt) + 3.4 deg (Venus orbital inclination) = 180.8 deg = 180 +0.8 deg (Uranus orbital inclination)

The data tells there's a perpendicularity between Saturn and Venus and between Saturn and Uranus for that the angle (180 degrees) is found between Uranus and Venus and by this angle (180 degree) Venus axial tilt and orbital inclination are created depends on Uranus orbital inclination (0.8)

(7)

Please note the reflection of energy in Saturn creates two equal distances around Saturn where Saturn orbital distance = Saturn Uranus distance=1433 million km and also- this reflection creates 2 equal inclinations for Saturn by that Saturn orbital inclination is 2.5 degrees but Uranus orbital distance = 2 Saturn orbital distance and by effect of Uranus orbital inclination 0.8 the result will be (2/0.8) =2.5

This data tells the reflection of energy in Saturn is more complex than the reflection of energy from Venus to Mars because of Neptune negative effect on the energy- the paper provides deep discussion to explain Neptune negative effect on the solar system energy and motion.

(8)

Please note- the unified wave (the gravitational wave) moves by speed of light depends on the rate of time (one second of the sun clock =1461 seconds of the Earth clock)- where the wave moves by speed of light in Venus orbit- but the light production needs the value (C^2 = squared speed of light), the reflection of energy from Venus to Mars causes to square the velocity and produce the value (C^2 = squared speed of light), but this value (C^2) is created depending on the square rate of time which is (1 =1461^2) means (1=2134521) – means this rate is used for Mars data but the first rate (1=1461) is used for Venus data

For that

2134521 km = 100 x 21345 km (Mars Circumference) – and

38025 km (Venus Circumference) = 2.6 x 1461

378675 km (Saturn Circumference) = 260 x 1461

260 =2.6 x 100 One more time the data shows similar behavior

THE MAIN PROOF

The solar system data shows general reflection is happened two times – let's see that in details

(Venus reflection)

By this reflection of energy Venus orbital circumference 680 million km will be used as Mars orbital period 687 days and it defines Jupiter orbital period (4331 days = 2π x 687 days) and also Saturn orbital period (10747 days = 4π x 687 days x (1/0.8)) where Uranus orbital inclination (0.8 degrees) creates effect on Saturn data

(Saturn reflection)

The reflection is done by Jupiter to Uranus, by that, Jupiter orbital circumference 4900 million km will be used as Uranus orbital period 30589 days where (30589 days = 4900 days x 2π and Neptune orbital period 59800 days = 4900 days x 4π and Pluto orbital period 90560 days = 4900 days x 6π

Please note

The energy reflection at Venus passes above the Earth to Mars- where the Earth moon suffers from the length contraction effect and its motion distance daily is 2.4 mkm = 2.574 mkm (The Earth motion distance daily) / 1.0725

Similar to that

The energy reflection at Jupiter passes above Saturn to Uranus – Where

Saturn suffers from the length contraction effect because

1433 million km (Saturn orbital distance) x 1.0725 = 2 x 778.6 million km (Jupiter orbital distance)

Please note- the Earth moon daily displacement is 88000 km and during 10747 days the displacements total be 940 million km = The Earth orbital circumference

Where 10747 days = Saturn orbital period

Notice

We understand that the light beam production needs the unified wave to be reflected two times only in the solar system- in the first reflection the unified wave (205.8 km/s) will be accelerated to be equal the speed of light (300000 km/s) and in the second reflection the speed of light will be squared to produce the value (C^2 the squared speed of light) by which the light beam will be created- means – the light production process needs tow reflections only and we know the unified wave is reflected in the solar system three times – because – of Neptune negative effect on Pluto energy where Neptune negative effect causes a frustration for the unified wave reflection by Pluto and that forced Saturn to reflect the unified wave one more time to perform the job mentioned by Pluto reflection of energy- by that Pluto and Saturn reflections create effect of one reflection only and Venus reflection creates the final reflection to produce the value (C^2 the squared speed of light) by which the light beam can be created-

Shortly- while the unified wave is reflected in the solar system three times the real effect is done by two reflections only and for that the data shows general reflection in two times only as seen in the previous data and its discussion- means- the data refers to the real final effect of the energy reflections and not to each procedure of this reflection- shortly- if we remove Neptune from the solar system that will cause the reflections to be two reflections only because Neptune negative effect will be removed – Neptune negative effect will be discussed in point no. (**)

(11thItem) What's The Negative Effect Done By Neptune Motion On The Gravitational Waves?

The story with proves is found in point no. (3) of this paper- let's summarize it here

(1)

Mars original orbit was between Mercury and Venus and Pluto was The Mercury moon revolves around Mercury- some collision is done in the inner planets- as a result Mars had migrated from its original orbit to its current one– in its motion Mars had collided with Venus and then with the Earth and Mars is the planet caused The Earth moon creation (Giant impact hypothesis is wrong)

Pluto was the Mercury moon and its size was equal Mercury size- Pluto also had migrated because of the same collision- Pluto had migrated to the end point in the solar system (Pluto orbital distance 5906 million km) -in that time– Neptune occupied this orbit– means Neptune original orbital distance was 5906 million km-

Shortly-

Pluto had collided with Neptune strongly and Pluto pushed Neptune out of its orbit and Pluto had occupied Neptune orbit, even Pluto put Neptune out of Pluto motion area– that's why Pluto eccentricity distance = Pluto Neptune distance=1410 million km (Mars Migration theory is proved in point no. **)

(2)

We know the light created all planets orbits before to create any planet- here- we have a dilemma- because – Pluto pushed Neptune out of Neptune orbit and also out of all created orbits (the train be out of all railways) and Neptune had no orbit to revolve around the sun.

(3)

As we have discussed- the planet moves and produces energy (1/2 mv^2) and this energy is stored in the space in moving waves –

Because all planets revolve around the sun in the same direction all planets motions energies waves move toward Pluto- and in Pluto orbit all waves be unified together into one unified wave moves by 205.8 km/s

(4)

Pluto reflected the unified wave (205.8 km/s) to be sent to Venus – Now – Pluto sends great energy toward Venus – the energy moves from Pluto to Neptune and then Neptune should send the energy to Uranus – BUT

Simply Neptune got the energy for itself and didn't send the energy to Uranus- why? because Neptune used the energy to build its current orbit – by this energy Neptune orbit is created and Neptune orbit is very new orbit relative to all planets orbits- also Neptune orbit is created by Neptune and not by the light beam as the other orbits

(5)

Shortly Neptune captured the energy sent from Pluto, and captured Pluto itself forces it to moves with Neptune rotation period (Pluto had no rotation period), as a result, Jupiter tried to release Pluto from Neptune but Neptune captured Jupiter itself and now Neptune, Jupiter and Pluto all of them move by Neptune rotation period and the two planets follow Neptune motion

(6)

Uranus tried to find solution- for that – Uranus created an interaction with the Earth planet- by this interaction a new planet is created which is Saturn

Uranus created Saturn for the war with Neptune- and now Saturn goes to fight with Neptune- first victory is that (Saturn set Jupiter free of Neptune capture and Jupiter got a new rotation period) and the second victory is (Saturn set Pluto free of Neptune capture and Pluto got a new rotation period) and the third victory (Saturn release the energy from Neptune) BUT

Neptune build its orbit by this energy and the rest is around (0.5%) only!

In details – Pluto sent the energy in a moving wave its velocity equal (205.8 km/s)^2 But Saturn got from Neptune a moving wave its velocity only (205.8 km/s) (without square) - The rate around (0.5%) only –but why did Saturn get this small energy at all? We should remember

The unified wave (205.8 km/s) contains all planets motions energies- if Saturn gets this wave, Saturn can reflect this wave one more time to produce the required value (205.8)^2 and send it to Venus to complete the process safely-

But if Saturn doesn't get this unified wave (205.8 km/s) Saturn will be forced to gather the planets motions energies to create this unified wave

Means- Saturn got the small energy (0.5 %) from Neptune But this small energy can be working to complete the process and if this energy is lost the process can not be completed that's why this small amount of energy is very important and useful

Shortly

The situation is finished as following -

Neptune built its orbit from Pluto energy and the rest energy (0.5%) is small amount of energy but very useful and Saturn got this energy from Neptune and the energy was in unified wave its velocity (205.8km/s) and Saturn reflected this wave toward Venus and the wave reached Venus moves by speed of light as a result for Saturn reflection by that the process to produce the sun rays can be completed safely and the planets (Pluto and Jupiter) are free now from Neptune capture- everything is so good now

But-

Neptune tells about the revenge! Spite Neptune built its orbit from Pluto energy but still the devil dreams by the revenge

What can Neptune do to cause more problems for the sun creation?

The unified wave reaches Venus moving by speed of light (300000 km/s), and now Neptune will cause to decrease the velocity by (1% one percent only)

Why? because the light beam is created by quantum and if the speed is less 1% that tells No Light Beam Can Be Created-

But what would happen by this speed?

The speed 99% of speed of light (297000 km/s) is high speed and causes Lorentz transformation- specially- it causes Lorentz length contraction effect with rate 7.1

Why is this very bad thing?

Because the motion energy is produced by the planets motions and these energies should be gathered into one point to be sufficient to produce the light beam- now the length contraction effect will cause difficulties to gather the planets energies because the planets energies are found in distances- here the distances will be shorter and that will create great difficulties to gather all energies in one point

Shortly- Neptune contraction effect caused to scatter the motion energy in the space and by that the motion energy will never be able to produce the sun rays – the devil works-

Now – we follow this battle from near point- how can Neptune decrease the unified wave velocity with one percent?

Neptune causes Saturn rotation period to be 10.7 hours- this is Neptune method to decrease the wave motion velocity – how?

Saturn circumference 378675 km and Saturn velocity 9.7 km/s means Saturn needs 10.84 hours to rotate around its axis a complete rotation (360 degrees) - but the period 10.7 h causes Saturn to rotate only (355 degrees)- means- for each rotation period Saturn needs 518 seconds to compete its rotation and that means there's a distance of Saturn circumference (5040 km) is still need to be passed while the rotation period is finished- this distance Neptune uses to decrease the wave velocity – because

Saturn velocity = 1.8 Neptune velocity and 5040 km = 1.8 x 3000 km

The speed of light is 300000 km/s and the discount distance is 3000 km and the rest is 297000 km (99% speed of light)

Shortly- Neptune effect on Saturn motion causes to decrease the wave velocity with 1% and creates the speed 99% C by which the length contraction effect is created and by that the planets motions energies are scattered in the space –

But - Saturn still try to help us- by that-

Saturn created a bridge between Uranus and Pluto (above Neptune) and on this bridge the sun rate of time is created and by that the planets motions energies can be gathered together based on defined periods and cycles – by this rate of time the sun rays is created - but –because Saturn is busy in the rate of time creation- the battle leader now is Jupiter- by that Jupiter defines the sun position in the sky and Jupiter defines the sun diameter- the story is proved in details in point no. (3) because the planets data tell this story so clearly

(12th Item) Can The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time?

The solar system is created from one light beam energy- means- the solar planets matters and their distances are created from one energy and this one energy is provided by one light beam and this light beam moves by speed = 1.16 million km per second- the light built the solar system starting its motion from Mercury orbit toward Pluto orbit- the light created the planets orbits before any planet creation- means- all orbits are created before any planet creation- the orbits are created based on each another- after the light created all orbits and reach to Pluto orbit- the light energy is consumed in the space creation- and the rest energy is found in one light beam its speed is (300000 km/s = the known speed of light) means the light beam started the motion in Mercury orbit with speed 1.16 million km per second and reached to Pluto orbit with speed 300000 km/s

In Pluto orbit -

The light could Not move any further to build any more orbits because any additional space creation will consume more energy and that will decrease the light speed to be less than 300000 km/s (the known speed of light) – and – No known light moves by speed less than 300000 km/s – means- the light had no energy to move any further after Pluto orbit- for that- the light returns to its origin point (Mercury orbit) for that the light is reflected with speed (300000 km/s) from Pluto orbit to Mercury orbit passing through the built orbits – no energy is required in this motion for that the speed of light in Mercury orbit is 300000 km/s

By this energy (the light beam its speed 300000 km/s) all planets are created- but before the planets creation a coherence of light is occurred between the light 300000 km/s and the light 1.16 million km per second- this coherence of light is discussed in the paper definitions in details

After the coherence of light the planets are created by the light energy (300000 km/s)

I- The Solar Planets Creation

Now

We can imagine that the energy of the original light beam (1.16 million km per second) is consumed to create the sea of water and the rest energy is one wave moves through this sea of water where this wave moves by speed of light (300000 km/s)

Means

The solar system is one energy (wave) moves by speed of light (C=300000 km/s)

And

The solar system needed to create a stationary point moves by zero velocity

We understand (It's impossible to find this stationary point) -BECAUSE

The solar system is similar to this wave of water or to the moving sea water and every thing is moving in it – NO stationary point can be found- for that the solar system has to create this stationary point –

The stationary point creation needs two procedures – let's refer to them here

1st Procedure

The wave its velocity 300000 km/s revolves around a point in space (any point in space), the revolution motion creates 2 equal velocities on the revolution both sides - the two velocities are equal in value and opposite in direction- their total be Zero-shortly- the revolution motion creates A Stationary Point in the center of the revolution.

2nd Procedure

The previous idea is correct- but –the velocity 300000 km/s is a huge one and to decrease it to Zero velocity this is a complex process– for that- the wave (300000 km/s) created small waves with low velocities to use them as steps to decrease the velocity to Zero- the small waves are The Planets- (The planet is a small wave moves by low velocity relative to the original wave its velocity 300000 km/s)

Why Are These Small Waves Required?

Because the velocity 300000 km/s is decreased to Zero by using these small waves and their low velocities- the low velocities are used as steps to decrease the unified wave velocity (300000 km/s) to be (Zero)- this process decreases the velocity gradually from 300000 km/s to Zero depending on these small waves velocities (the planets velocities)

Means- the planets are created for this process to decrease the wave velocity from 300000 km/s to Zero- and The Planet Is A Small Wave Moves By Low Velocity

Shortly – the solar system has one complete system of velocities, Starting from Zero to 300000 km/s where the planets velocities are the steps between the two velocities –

The Proof

The unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) proves this fact because

300000 = (205.8)^2 x 7.1

We know 7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect produced by speed 99% of speed of light-

Shortly- the unified wave velocity (205.8 km/s) is defined as a function in the speed of light (300000 km/s) and that explains why the reflection of the wave accelerate the wave velocity to move by speed of light and not to move by any less velocity – simply-because the unified wave velocity is created as a function in the speed of light- and this unified wave velocity = the planets velocities total that tells the planets velocities definition depends on the speed of light

Shortly

By the wave revolution the stationary point is created in the revolution center and this point will be the sun (its velocity is 1 km/s=zero approximately) and the moving wave created the solar planets as small waves move by small velocities (or as geometrical points carried by the wave motion) -As a result – a relative motion is created between the moving wave (300000 km/s) and the sun point of space (1km/s)

II- The Solar Planets Definition

The planets are geometrical points created on the same one light beam (one wave of energy)- means- the light beam is similar to the sea of water and the planets are similar to ships sail on this sea of water- means- the planets motions depend on this light beam motion and by that the motion by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) is the motor by which the planets move- means- all planets motions depend on the light beam motion by speed of light (C=300000 km/s) –

Means- the planets are similar to carriages in one train and the light beam is the engine of this train- the light moves carrying all planets with it

BUT if the planets are geometrical points found on one light beam and these points move by this light motion how can these planets to move by low velocities?

Because the planets motions use different rates of time –

for example – one second of the light clock = 6330 seconds of Mercury clock by that Mercury moves in (6330 s) a distance 300000 km which is passed by the light motion in one second.

(13th Item) The Planets Motions Use Different Rates Of Time (Deep Analysis)

Preface (Proved Facts)

The Rate Of Time Use Reason (The Solar System Creation Theory)

The Planet Creation and Motion Description

The Difficulty To Prove The Rate Of Time Use

The Rate Of Time Importance And Creation

The Energy Reflection Effect On The Rates Of Time

(The Energy Reflection is explained and proved in Point No. 6)

The Solar System Main Rates Of Time

The Solar System Motion Depends on Mercury Clock

The Time Creation In The Solar System

The Earth Motion Effect On The Planets Motions Rates Of Time

The Rate Of Time Between Mercury And The Earth

The Rate Of Time Between Mercury And The Sun

The Rate Of Time Between The Sun And The Planets

The Rate Of Time Between The Sun And The Earth

Mercury behaves in place of the sun and The Earth in place of the planets

The Rate Of Time Of Saturn

The Rate Of Time Of Mars

The Solar System Motion During 24 Hours Of Mercury Clock

The Rate of time (1=1461)

20 The Used Rate Of Time For The Sun Rays Production

20-1 Preface

20-2 The Light Beam Production Method

20-3 The Light Beam Is Produced From (C^2)

20-4 The Earth Moon Motion Effect On The Sun Rays Production

20-5 The Solar System Motion Depends on Mercury Clock

20- 6 Mercury Day Period Problem

20-7 The Gravitational Waves move by speed of light (how)?

20-8 The Energy Reflection Effect

20-9 The rate (1=365.25) (the proves)

20-10 The Used Rate Of Time For The Light Beam Production

20-11 The Light Beam Production Process

21- 12 The Sun Rays Production Process Summary

(Item no. 1) Preface (Proved Facts)

(FIRST FACT) ONE WAVE REVOLVES AROUND THE SUN

Let's remember this idea

(1)

Planet motion energy creates waves in the space-

The space is similar to the sea of water and planet motion creates waves in the space as fish motion creates waves in the sea- let's see the picture accurately,

We observe one swimming fish in the sea- the fish hits the sea water by its tail and pushes some water and by that the fish can swim and move- we conclude the water moves by a velocity Equal the fish velocity because of the reaction force.

Similar to that-

Mercury motion energy creates waves in the space- the wave velocity equal Mercury velocity (47.4 km/s) because of the reaction force- means – all planets motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move by these planets velocities- now these waves are similar to the water waves they move far from the source and can be reflected- now- because the planets revolve around the sun in the same one direction, the planets motions energies waves move in one direction toward Pluto (Perpendicular on the revolution direction) – and these waves are unified together in Pluto orbit and by that one unified wave is produced moves by 176 km/s (the 9 planets velocities total)-

And this wave (176 km/s) is reflected from Pluto to Venus- and finally

There's one wave revolves around The Sun its velocity (205.8 km/s)

(because the energy is stored finally in the Earth moon orbit that necessitates to add the moon velocity to the total 176+29.8 = 205.8 km/s)

(2)

I claim these waves are the gravitational waves, the scientists called them wrongly (gravitational) supposing that they are created by the sun gravitational field- I proved that (The sun does NOT create a gravitational field) and these waves are produced by the planets motions energies.

(Notice. The reflection of energy will be explained here)

Shortly, this fact tells one wave revolves around the Sun its velocity is 205.8 km/s

Means-while we see the planets revolution, this wave revolves also but we don't see it

(SECOND FACT) THE RATE OF TIME NECESSITY

We know, There's One Wave In The Space Revolves Around The Sun Its Velocity= 205.8 km/s

The Sun motion velocity is (1km/s=zero approximately), means, The sun is stationary point- here we have a relative motion between 2 velocities

The wave velocity (205.8 km/s) and the sun velocity (Zero approximately)-

This relative motion is the solar system design cornerstone because

In this relative motion the planet motion energy is stored-

Let's explain that

Planet motion energy is stored in the space in waves form, and this energy created the one wave revolves around the sun its velocity (205.8 km/s) but

The planets still move and produce motions energies- means- more energy need to be stored- for that- the rate of time is used to increase the capacity of the energy storing.

Let's use example

One hour of Mercury clock = 24 hours of Pluto clock-

This rate means –

While Mercury moves in a solar day (24 hours) a distance 4.09 million km, Pluto moves in this same period a distance= 9.7 million km, because, (24 hours) of Mercury clock = 24 solar days of Pluto clock- that shows in the same period Pluto moves a distance longer than double Mercury motion distance

BUT

All These Motions Energies Are Transformed Into Waves In The Space- And All Of Them Are Parts In The One Unified Wave- Means- Pluto Motion Contributes In The One Unified Wave By Energy More Than Mercury Motion Energy- that increase the capacity to store the energy

That explains how the rate of time using effect on the planets motions

A Question - Why Should The Energy Be Accumulated?

Because, we need to use the energy and the less amount energy can't be useful and we need massive amount of energy to use it-

Shortly, the sun rays is created from this stored energy and the light beam production process need massive energy, and the planet motion energy is very small amount of energy can't produce any light beam, for that, the planets motions energies have to be stored and accumulated to create the required quantum of energy which is sufficient to produce the light beam.

NOTICE

Here there are 2 facts we need to consider

First,

There's a relative motion between the unified wave (205.8 km/s) and the sun point (1 km/s), All planets motions energies are put in this relative motion- by that, the planets be similar to fingers and this relative motion is the hand of these fingers- No planet motion energy is used out of this relative motion-

Second,

Now the relative motion has 2 velocities, the unified wave (205.8 km/s) and the sun point (1 km/s), and the planets still move and add more motion energies – this more motion energies increase the different velocity 205.8 km/s gradually till this velocity be equal speed of light 300000 km/s - The light beam is produced based on this high velocity

Let's remember the proof

This Is Extraordinary: Gravity Can Create Light, All on Its Own

The article tells- the gravitational waves can move by high velocity and can produce A Light Beam– means- the different velocity should b increased from 205.8 km/s to speed of light (300000 km/s) to produce the light beam

(notice, I have proved the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by the sun gravitational field)

Notice

Planet Creation details can help greatly because it gives another vision for this same fact- it's discussed in item (no.3)-

(THIRD FACT) There Are Relativistic Effects In The Solar System

The relativistic effects are proved because they effect on the planets data – means- because the solar system have relativistic effects, the planets data are effected by these relativistic effects

The relativistic effects prove there's a high velocity motion found in the solar system, by that, the gravitational waves move by speed of light is a fact proved by the relativistic effects found in the solar system –

Please note- the relativistic effects in the solar system depends on the rate (7.1) while the planets velocities analysis shows this same rate (7.1) proves the high velocity motion is a real motion in the solar system

The relativistic effects are proved in point No. (5)

(FOURTH FACT) The Energy Is Reflected In The Solar System

We agreed, the planets motions energies create waves in the space and these waves move toward Pluto, and these waves are unified together into one unified wave its velocity= 205.8 km/s (The planets velocities total) and then the wave is reflected toward Venus- in fact- the unified wave is reflected three times in the solar system

First time, the wave is reflected from Pluto toward Venus – Means, the wave is reflected from Pluto to Neptune then to Uranus to Saturn to Jupiter to Venus

But

Second time, in Saturn, the wave is reflected inside Saturn body one more time, by that Saturn body works as mirrors and the energy is reflected between them- then the energy left Saturn moves in its original direction toward Venus

Third time, Venus reflects the energy toward Mars, and the energy finally is sorted in the Earth moon orbit between Venus and Mars

The reflection of energy is very important because of many reasons we should study but here I refer to one reason only

The reflection of energy causes to reflect the planets data-

what's used as (A) before the reflection will be used as (1/A) after the reflection-

and-

what's used as (a period of time) before the reflection will be used as (a distance) after the reflection – and vice versa

these effects on the data is very important because it explains why the planets data is reflected on one another- and that also proves the gravitational waves are produced by the planets motions energies and not by a gravitational field because the data is belonged to the planets–and the reflection is done by the waves–here the gravitational field has no any effect.

the reflection of energy is proved by strong proves in point no. (6)

(Item no. 2) The Rate Of Time Use Reason (The Solar System Creation Theory)

(1)

The solar system is created from one energy- in details

The planets matters and their distances are created from one energy –this energy is provided by one light beam– and this light beam moves by a velocity 1.16 million km per second- the energy is consumed in the space and time creation- the energy consumption caused to decrease the light velocity and the rest energy is one light beam its velocity 300000 km/s (the known speed of light)

The space and time creation is done by the equation (1.16/0.3) x 2π = 24.3

The equation tells, the space is created in curved lines (2π) and the time is created based on the solar day (24 hours) (later the reason will be explained)

Notice-the space is created from the energy (1.16 million km/ second) but the planets are created from the energy (300000 km/s)- the planets are created after the space.

We realize this is the same one light beam and the two velocities are found as a result for the energy consumption in the space creation.

Shortly the space is created by the energy (1.16 mkm/s) but in this space there's one wave moves by 300000 km/s from this wave the planets are created

(2)

Shortly- the planets matters and their distances are created from One Light Beam Energy- The planets are geometrical points found on this one light beam- by that the planets are similar to knots (or nodes) on ONE rope or cable.

The planets are carried on this light beam and move by this light beam motion

By that- The Planets Are Similar To Carriages In One Train- and the light beam motion is this train engine- the light moves carrying all planets with it-

Light moves one motion and passes one distance in one period of time- The planets have to move this same motion and pass this same distance in this same period of time- BUT –

The planets velocities are less than light velocity for that the planets use rates of time for their motions–by the rates of time- the planets move equal distances in equal periods of time and this distance equal also the light motion distance.

For example-

Mercury velocity = 1.6 the Earth velocity- that means – one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock- Why??

Because Mercury and the Earth are carried by the same one light beam motion- the light moves one motion and passes one distance in one period of time- by that Mercury and the Earth have to move this same motion and to pass this same distance in this same period of time- but the two planets velocities are different- for that- the planets use different rates of time based on their velocities rates and by that the planets move equal distances in the same period of time – that's the reason to use the rates of time-

(3)

The Velocity 1.16 Million Km Per Second (The Proves)

(first proof) Planet Velocity Analysis

I have discovered a rule tells (v1v2=322) (my fifth equation)– let's prove it

Data

322 = 47.4 km/s (Mercury velocity) x 6.8 km/s (Uranus velocity)

322 = 35 km/s (Venus velocity) x 4.7 km/s (Pluto velocity) x 2

322 = 29.8 km/s (the Earth velocity) x 5.4 km/s (Neptune velocities) x 2

322 = 24.1 km/s (Mars velocity) x 13.1 km/s (Jupiter velocity)

322 = (17.9 km/s)^2 (Ceres velocity) (Max error 2%)

Discussion

The data tells the planets velocities are created complementary one another and based on this constant (322)- but why the constant equal =322?

1160000 seconds = 3600 x 322 hours – means

Mercury (47.4km/s) moves a distance 1160000 km in a period (6.8 hours) and Uranus (6.8 km/s) moves a distance 1160000 km in a period (47.4 hours) – that proves the constant 322 depends on the velocity 1160000 km/s–means- All planets velocities are defined based on this velocity 1160000 km/s which proves this velocity is a fact

Notice

(The inner planets orbital inclinations are defined by the rule (v1/v2), for example, Mercury orbital inclination 7 deg = Mercury velocity 47.4/ Uranus velocity 6.8 that proves the effect of the rule (v1v2=322) on the planet motion)

(Second proof) The planets orbital circumferences total

100733 million km = 86400 seconds x 1160000 km/s

(100733 million km= The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total)

Means- the velocity 1160000 km/s passes per solar day (86400 s) a distance =100733 million km= The Planets Orbital Circumferences Total

Shortly- the planets orbits are defined based on this velocity-

Notice / the planets motions distances total in 1461 solar days = 25920 million km = the distance is passed by light known speed (300000 km/s) in one solar day (86400s)

(1461 days = the Earth cycle = 365 +365 +365 +366)

(the distances total=the 9 planets motions distance + the Earth moon motion distance)

(Third proof) The Planets Distances Creation

The planets distances are created depending on this velocity (1160000 km/s), let's prove that,

778.6 million km (Jupiter orbital distance) = 1160000 km/s x 671 seconds

721 million km (Jupiter Mercury distance) = 1160000 km/s x 629 seconds

629 million km (Jupiter Earth distance) = 1160000 km/s x 551 seconds

4900 million km (Jupiter Orbital Circumference)= 1160000 km/s x 2094 seconds x 2

5906 million km (Pluto Orbital Distance)= 1160000 km/s x 5127 seconds

Where

671 million km = Jupiter Venus distance

551 million km = Jupiter Mars distance

5127 million km = Jupiter Pluto distance

Shortly, the light beam its velocity 1160000 km/s uses the distances as periods of time to create more distances based on one another– for that- the distances are created as one network and one group- Jupiter distances proves this fact clearly-

We remember also the creation equation (1.16/0.3) x 2π = 24.3 by which the space and time are created- the equation tells- all distances are created in curves (2π) and all periods are created based on the solar day (24 hours)

This data tries to prove the velocity 1.16 million km/s is a fact and my paper provides more proves for this fact-

(Item no. 3) The Planet Creation and Motion Description

(i)

Before the solar planets creation

The solar system energy was found in one wave moves by speed of light 300000 km/s- Means-

The solar system is one wave moves by speed of light (300000 km/s)

Now

The Solar System needs To Create A Stationary Point Its velocity Zero relative to the moving wave its velocity is 300000 km/s

This is the basic information in the solar system design-

The solar system needs to create a stationary point relative to the wave motion- by that – two velocities will be found which are (v1= the wave its velocity 300000 km/s) and (v2= Zero= the stationary point relative to the wave motion)–these two velocities produce a relative motion with different velocity 300000 km/s– this relative motion is the solar system design cornerstone.

Notice– The solar system is carried by the light beam motion, NO stationary point can be found here – it's similar to a ship on this sea water- Nothing can stop- because the motion is done forcedly by the sea water –

The stationary point will be similar to the whirlpool (vortex) on the sea page-

But

The solar system needs to create this stationary point

Now – let's try to create this stationary point in following

The solar system uses two procedures to do that,

(ii)

The first procedure

The wave its velocity 300000 km/s revolves around a point in space (any point in space), the revolution motion creates 2 equal velocities on both sides of the revolution- the two velocities are equal in value and opposite in direction- their total be equal Zero-means- the revolution motion creates a stationary point in the center of the revolution.

The second procedure

Why Are These Small Waves Required?

Means- the planets are created for this process to decrease the wave velocity from 300000 km/s to Zero- and The Planet Is A Small Wave Moves By Low Velocity

Shortly – the solar system has one complete system of velocities, Starting from Zero to 300000 km/s where the planets velocities are the steps between the two velocities – let's prove that here

(iii)

300000 km = 7.1 x (205.8)^2 where

7.1 is Lorentz length contraction effect for velocity 297000 km/s (99% of speed of light)

205.8 km/s = the 9 planets velocities total (176 km/s) + the Earth moon velocity

(The moon velocity =29.8 km/s = the Earth velocity because they revolve together)

Why does the data use the squared value (205.8)^2?

We know the answer- but - Let's remember it

The planets are geometrical points on the same light beam and move with its motion- for that- the planets velocities rates creates rates of time– for example- Mercury velocity = 1.6 the Earth velocity- that means – one hour of Mercury clock = 1.6 hours of the Earth clock- Why??

Because Mercury and the Earth are carried by the same one light beam- the light moves one motion and passes one distance in one period of time- by that Mercury and the Earth have to move this same motion and to pass this same distance in this same period of time- but the two planets velocities are different- for that- the planets use different rates of time based on their velocities rates and by that the planets move equal distances in the same period of time –

Now- the velocity (205.8 km/s) move relative to the stationary point (Zero) and creates a rate of time (1 second = 205.8 seconds) –

(one second of the unified wave clock = 205.8 seconds of the stationary point clock)

But – the energy is reflected in the solar system (I prove that in point no.6),

The energy reflection reflects the players – means

(one second of the stationary point clock = 205.8 seconds of the unified wave clock)

The stationary point will be THE SUN – by that

(one second of the sun clock = 205.8 seconds of the unified wave clock) – means

(one second of the sun clock = 205.8 seconds of any planet clock) –

Now during one second of the sun clock, the wave clock needs 205.8 seconds while the wave moves by a velocity 205.8 km/s- means –

During one second of the sun clock, the wave moves 42253 km = 300000 km /7.1

That creates the different velocity 300000 km/s between the sun motion and the wave motion-

Notice 1

The wave (205.8 km/s) moves during 1461 seconds a distance = 300000 km, and we know the Earth cycle (1461 days = 365 +365 +365 +366)

That tells, the speed of light (300000 km/s) is performed by the rate of time and that causes to create the Earth cycle-

Notice 2

Planet velocity is created by the rate of time- means- if no rate of time can be used – No planet velocity can be created – instead- all motions will be only by speed of light (300000 km/s)- the planet can create a small velocity because it can use rate of time

We realize that clearly because

The planets motions depend on the light motion- by that – the motion is done by One Motor only which moves by speed of light (300000 km/s), the planets can only move by speed of light or create a rate of time for their smaller velocities - No more options are provided (CONT)

Gerges Francis Tawdrous +201022532292

Physics Department- Physics & Mathematics Faculty

Peoples' Friendship university of Russia – Moscow (2010-2013)

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Mystery: The deuteron, just like the proton, is much smaller than previously thought

The deuteron -- one of the simplest atomic nuclei, consisting of just one proton and one neutron -- is considerably smaller than previously thought. This finding was arrived at by an international research group that carried out experiments at the Paul Scherrer Institute, PSI. The new result is consistent with a 2010 study by the same group, in which the researchers measured the proton and found a significantly smaller value than previous research using different experimental methods. The result from 2010 formed the basis for what has been known since then as "the proton radius puzzle." The new measurement of the deuteron's size has now given rise to an analogous mystery. It is possible that this will lead to an adjustment of the Rydberg constant, a fundamental quantity in physics. Another possible explanation is that a physical force as yet unknown is at work. For their experiments the researchers used laser spectroscopy to measure so-called muonic deuterium: an artificial atom consisting of a deuteron orbited by an exotic elementary particle known as a muon. The experiments took place at PSI because the world's most powerful muon source, available here, was needed to produce sufficient muonic deuterium. The researchers have published their new study of the deuteron's size in the journal Science.

The deuteron is smaller than previous measurements have found. A deuteron is a very simple atomic nucleus made up of just one proton and one neutron -- that is, one each of the two nuclear building blocks. An international research collaboration, working at the Paul Scherrer Institute PSI, has measured the deuteron more accurately than ever before. The value they obtained for the radius of the deuteron does not, however, correspond to the measurements of other research groups but instead shows a significantly smaller value.

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Deuterium Deuterium, \(^2H\), is one of two stable isotopes of hydrogen. Strong force binds the neutrons and protons together which is \(\approx 100\) times stronger than electromagnetic force and the binding energy of Deuterium is released as \(\gamma\)-radiation.

#Deuterium #Deuteron #Nuclear Physics

Atom Ne Demek? Atom Nedir? Ne Demek?

Atom Ne Demek? Atom Nedir? http://nedemek.com.tr/atom-ne-demek-atom-nedir/

Atom Ne Demek? Atom Nedir?

Atom, bir maddenin özellikleri değiştirmeden bölüne bileceği en küçük parçasıdır. Atomlar çok kez molekül adı verilen grup halinde bulunurlar.

Elimizle dokunduğumuz, gözümüzle gördüğümüz her şey atomlardan yapılmıştır. Ancak, bu atomlar son derece küçük oludklarından, ne mikroskopla görülebilirler nede varlıkları tek tek farkedebilir. Bu yüzden, bilginler atomların varlığını yapılarını ancak özel usullerle inceleyebilirler. ATOM, MOLEKÜL VE ELAMAN

Bir bardak suya bir kaşık şeker koyup iyiye karıştıralım çok geçmeden şeker erir suyun içinde büsbütün kaybolur. Şekeri artık gözle göremeyiz ama genede suyun içinde koyduğum yerde durduğunu biliriz. Suyu büsbütün buharlaştıracak olursak şeker gene meydana çıkar.

Bunun nedeni şudur: Şeker suda eriyince milyonlarca küçük zerreciğe ayrılır. Demekki şeker gözle görülmeyecek kadar küçük zerreciklerden oluşmuştur. İşte bu küçük zerreciklere molekül adı verilir.

Bütün cisimler molekül denen bu küçük zerreciklerden yapılmıştır. Moleküller de atomların birleşmesinden meydana gelir. Şekerin suda erimesi şeker moleküllerini hiçbir zaman bozmaz.

Şimdi, bir başka deney daha yapalım. Bir kaşık şekeri maden bir kap içinde ocağa koyalım. Şeker suda önce erir sonra kararıp simsiyah bir renk alır. Suda eriyen şekeri gene eski durumuna getirebilmiştik. Oysa bu kez şekerin yanmasıyla meydana gelen kara maddeyi eski haline getiremeyiz. Çünkü şekeri bu şekilde kavurmakla onun moleküllerini daha küçük parçalara bölmüş oluruz. Yanma sırasında bu küçük parçalardan bir kısmı da uçup gider. Kapta kalan kısım ise karbondur. Karbon molekülünü artık başka bir maddeye çevirmeye imkan yoktur. Çünkü karbon bir elemandır.

Bir elemanın atomu başka bir elamanın atomuna benzemez. Her atomun kendine özgü bir özelliği vardır. Bütün maddelerin molekülleri atomların birleşmesiyle meydana gelir.

Bilginler maddeleri bu şekilde parçalayarak 100 kadar elaman bulmuşlardır. Moleküller elemanlardan meydana geldiğine göre elamanların moleküllerden daha küçük zerreciklerden yapılmış olması gerekir. İşte atomlar bu elemanları meydana getiren zerreciklerdir. ATOMLARIN BÜYÜKLÜĞÜ

Varlıkları ancak bilimsel deneylerle anlaşılan atomlar akıl almayacak kadar küçüktür. Atomların büyüklükleri cinslerine göre değişir. Örneğin; hidrojen atomu en küçük atomdur. Yanyana konmuş 10.000.000 hidrojen atomunun uzunluğu 1 mm ancak olur. En küçük atomlardan biri olan uranyum atomunun çapı ise hidrojeninkinden 4 kat daha büyüktür.

Bir damla suda 33 milyar defa milyar molekül vardır. Bu moleküller hidrojen ile oksijen elemanlarından yapılmıştır. Her molekülde ikisi hidrojen biri oksijen olmak üzere 3 atom vardır. Öyleyse bir damla su 100 milyar defa milyar atomdan meydana gelmiş demektir. ATOMLARIN HAREKETİ

Maddeyi meydana getiren atomlar sürekli olarak hareket ederler. Genel olarak atomların titreşim hızı saniyede 400 metre kadardır. Bu hız sıcaklıkla ilgilidir. Sıcaklık azaldıkça atomların hızı da azalır. –273 derece de büsbütün durur. Bu ısı derecesine saltık sıfır (mutlak sıfır) denir. ATOMUN YAPISI

Bir atom ilk bakışta güneş sistemine benzer. Dünya ile gezegenler güneşin cevresinde nasıl dönerlerse atomlarda bir çekirdeğin çevresinde dönen elektronlardan meydana gelmişlerdir.

Elektronlar çekirdeğin çevresinde inannılmaz bir hızla dönerler. Hidrojen atomunda elektron dönüş hızı saniyede 2000 km dir. Bir atomdaki elektronların sayısı ile bunların yörüngesinin durumu atomun cinsini meydana getirir.

Şimdi bir atomu meydana getiren öğeleri kısaca inceleyelim.

1-ELEKTRON: Atom çekirdeğinin çevresinde dönen negatif elektrik yüklü zerreciklerdir. Atomdaki elektron sayısı elemanın cinsine göre değişir. Elektronların sayısı ne kadar çok olursa olsun çekirdeğin çevresindeki büyük dönüş hızlarına rağmen ne birbirlerine çarparlar ne de çekirdeğe atom çekirdeğindeki her protona karşılık bir elektron vardır. En hafif atom olan hidrojenin; 1, heyumun; 2, oksijeninde 8 elektronu vardır. En hafif olan hidrojen atomunda elektronların ağırlığı atomun ağırlığının 1/1840’ ı kadardır.

2-PROTON : Atomun çekirdeğini meydana getiren öğelerden biridir. Elektronların tersine proton pozitif elektirik yüklü bir zerreciktir. Ağırlığı; elektronunkinden 1840 kat daha çoktur. Yalnız taşıdığı elektrik yükünün oranı elektronunkiyle aynıdır. Atomların cinslerine göre çekirdeklerindeki proton sayısıda değişir.

3-NEUTRON : Hiç elektirik yükü olmayan zerreciklere denir. Atomların çoğunun çekirdeklerinde neutronlar vardır. Ağırlıkları protonunkinden biraz daha çoktur. Neytronların sayısı da atomun cinsine göre değişir. Serbest neutronlar atomları bombardıman etmek bakımından çok yararlıdırlar. ATOMUN DİĞER PARÇALARI

Atomun, değişik durumlarda ortaya çıkan bir çok parçacıkları vardır ki, başlıcaları şunlardır :

Positon. – Pozitif elektrik yüklü elektronlardır. Kozmik ışınlardan, negatif elektrik yüklü elektronlarla birlikte bulunurlar. Aynı zamanda, atom zerrecikleriyle bombardıman edline kimi elemanlardan da positon çıkar. Bir positonun hayatı, en çok saniyenin milyarda biri kadardır. Çünkü, zıt yüklü elektron, positonu çeker. Bu çekme sonunda, her iki zerrecikte yok olur. Bunların kütlesi ise, enerjiye dönüşür.

Meson. – İlk kez kozmik ışınlarda keşfedilmiştir. Mesonlar, sonradan yapay olarak da elde edilmiştir. İki tür meson vardır : “Pi – meson” ile “Mu – meson”. Her türünün ağırlığı elektronlarınkinin 200 katından daha çoktur. Pozitif, yada negatif elektrik yüklü olabilirler. Megatif eletrik yüklü bir pi – meson pozitif elektrik yüklü atom çekirdeğine yaklaşırsa çekirdek onu emer. Bunun sonucu olarak da çekirdek patlar. Pi – mesonların ömrü saniyenin iki yüz milyonda kadar ancak sürer. Pi – mesonlar, bu kısa hayatlarının sonunda, mu – meson haline gelirler. Mu – mesonların ömrü de saniyenin iki milyonda biri kadardır.

Neutrino. – Bunlar elektrik bakımından nötrdürler; ağırlıkları yoktur. Varlıkları, ancak kurumsal olarak bilinmektedir.

Deuteron. – Bir protonla bir neutrondan oluşmuş, pozitif elektrik yüklü zerreciklerdir. Ağır hidrojen çekirdeğini meydana getirirler. Bu yüden, ağır hidrojene “deuteriom” da denir.

Triton. – Tritium (hidrojen isotopu), nun çekirdeğine denir. Kütlesdi, deuterondan bir fazlasıyla, üçtür. Triton zerrecikleri tabiatta bulunmaz ancak yapay olarak yapılabilirler.

Alfa zerrecikleri. – Radyum gibi radyoaktif atomlar çevrelerine alfa zerrecikleri saçarlar. Bir alfa zerreciğinde iki protonla iki neutron bulunur. Bunlar helyum çekirdeğinin aynıdır.

Gamma ışınları. – Bunlara “foton”da denir. Radyoaktif atomların parçalanması sonucunda çevreye yayılırlar. Bir atom bombasının patlamasından meydana gelen öldürücü ışınlar gamma ışınlarıdır. X ışınlarına benzeyen gamma ışınlarının bir cisim içine girme yetenekleri çok yüksektir. Yüksek enerjili gamma ışınları, bir metre kadar kalınlıktaki demire, yada betona bile etki yapabilirler

ATOM AĞIRLIĞI

Çeşitli atomlardaki protonlarla neutronların sayısına “atom sayısı” ve “atom ağırlığı” denir. Bir atom sayısı, o atomda ne kadar proton, yada elektron bulunduğunu gösterir. Böylece, o atomun hangi elemanının atomu olduğu anlaşılır. Kimi elemanların neutron sayısı değişik olduğundan, bir elemanın birden fazla atom ağırlığı olabilir.

ISITOP NEDİR

Bir elemanın ağırlıkça değişik olan atom çeşitlerine, o elemanın “isotop”u denir. İsotoplara, bir bakıma, “atom kardeşler” demek yerinde olur. Çünkü, bunlar aynı elemanın ağırlıkça değişik olan atomlarından başka bir şey değildir. Örneğin, hidrojenin isotopları, ağır hidrojen (deuterium)’le, çok ağır hidrojen (tritium’dur).

Bir elemanın bütün isotopları aynı atom sayısını taşırlar. Oysa, çeşitli atom ağırlıkları, elemanın çeşitli isotoplarını gösterirler. Atom ağılığı elemanın simgesinin sağ üst başına, atom sayısı ise sol alt yanına yazılır. Örneğin, helyumun atom ağırlığıyla atom sayısının yazılışı şöyledir : 2He4. Atom çekirdeğinde her protona karşılık, bir elektron vardır. Neutronlar ise böyle bir kurala bağlı değillerdir. Bir elemanın isotopunda, proton sayısından çok neutron bulunur. Elektronlar atom çekirdeğinin çevresinde aynı yörüngede dönmezler. Elemanın atom sayısı arttıkça, çekirdek çevresinde dönen elektronlar da birbirinde ayrı tabakalar meydana getirirler.

Bunlar bir soğanın tabakaları gibi, birbiri üstüne kat kat sıralanmışlardır. Çekirdeğe en yakın tabakada, genellikle, iki elektron bulunur. Üç elektronlu lityumun üçüncü elektronu, ikinci tabakada döner. Berilyumun ikinci tabakasında ise iki elektron vardır.

Atomlardaki elektron tabakaları da belirli bir sayıda olur. En ağı elemanlarla yedi tabaka vardır. İlk tabakadaki elektron sayısı her zaman 2’dir. Bilginler, bu tabakaları belirtmek için, K’ den Q’ ya kadar olan harfleri kullanırlar.

ATOMUN İÇİNDEKİ BOŞLUK

10 milyon hidrojen atomunun ancak bir milimetrelik bir uzunlukta olduğunu söylemiştik.

Bu kadar küçük bir atomun çekirdeği, ancak atom çapının 10.000’ de biri kadardır. Bir atomun çekirdeğiyle elektronları arasında, atom ölçülerine göre, çok muazzam bir boşluk vardır. Bu bakımdan, en ağırları da içinde olmak üzere, bütün maddelerin büyük bir kısmı, boşluktan ibarettir.

Bir atom çekirdeğinin bir futbol topu büyüklüğünde olduğunu düşünürsek, elektronları, bunun çevresinde çapı 5 km. genişlikte bir çember üzerinde döner. Atomlardaki boşluk oranı bu denli büyük olduğuna göre, maddelerin de aynı orandaki bir kısmı boşluktan ibaret demektir. Yalnız, muazzam bir enerji taşıyan atom çekirdeğinin, çevresinde dönen elektronlar üzerinde büyük bir çekim gücü vardır.

Öte yandan elektronların ağırlığı yok sayılacak kadar az olduğundan, atomun bütün kütlesi ile ağırlığı çekirdeğinde sayılır. Yani, elemanlara, dolayısıyla da maddeye ağırlığı veren, asıl atomun çekirdeğidir.

Atomlardaki bu boşluk olmasaydı, her şey inanılmaz derecede küçülürdü. Örneğin, bir insanı meydana getiren atomların insana asıl ağırlığını veren çekirdeklerini bir araya getirmek elde olsa, insan gözle görülemeyecek kadar küçük bir zerre haline gelirdi. Ağırlığı gene o insanın ağırlığına eşit olan bir zerre!

ATOMUN KİMYASAL ÖZELLİKLERİ

Şimdiye kadar atomun yalnız fiziksel özelliklerine değindik. Şimdi atomu, birde kimyasal bakımdan inceleyelim :

Atomların kimyasal özellikleri taşıdıkları proton sayısıyla dış tabakalardaki elektronların durumuna bağlıdır. Bu elektronlar başak bir atomun elektronlar ile yer değiştirebilir, yada onların yörüngesini paylaşabilirlerse, atom aralarında bir çekme kuvveti doğar. Bu kuvvet iki atomu bir arada tutar. İşte molekül bu sayede meydana gelir. Helyum, argom gibi kimi elemanlarının protonları başka elektronlarla birleşmezler.

Bu gün sayısı yüzü aşkın eleman bilinmektedir. Bunların bin kadar da isotopu bulunmuştur. Bu isotopların çoğu radyoaktiftir.

Atomlarda 1’den 102’ye kadar elektron, gene 1’den 102’ye kadar da proton bulunabilir. Bir atomdaki protonların sayısı, onun atom sayısını gösterir. Başka bir deyişle, elemanların sıra numaraları, onların atomlarındaki proton sayısına eşittir. (Bk. eleman).

Elemanların atom ağırlıkları, birim kabul edilen bir atomun ağırlığına oranla tayin edilen ağırlıklarıdır. Atom ağırlığı birimi olarak, oksijenin atom ağırlığı kabul edilmiştir. Öteki elemanların atom ağırlıkları ise, oksijenin atom ağırlığına 16’ya oranlanarak, deney yoluyla bulunmuştur.

1951 yılında uluslar arası bir kurum bir atom ağırlıkları tablosu tespit etmiştir. Bu listede 102 eleman vardır. Bunlardan birkaç tanesi tabiatta bulunmaz. Tabiatta bulunmayan bu elemanlar, atomların başkalaşırılmaları yoluyla elde edilmişlerdir.

ATOM ENERJİSİ

Atom enerjisi dünyanın da, hayatın da kaynağıdır, diyebiliriz. Çünkü, çevremizde neye baksak, bu enerjinin bir başka biçimde belirmiş örneğini görürüz. Bu enerji nereden geliyor?

Dünyamızdan 150.000.000 kilometre uzakta, orta büyüklükte bir yıldız vardır : Güneş… En az iki milyar yıldan beri, dünyayı hemen hemen hiç değişmeyen bir ışıkta, ısıyla besleyen Güneş, muazzam bir enerji kaynağıdır. Güneşin, daha milyonlarca yıl dünyayı aynı şekilde enerjiyle besleyeceği hesaplanmıştır.

Güneşteki bu bitmez tükenmez gücün kaynağı, atom enerjisidir. Güneşte bir saniyede meydana gelen enerji, 500.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 (beş yüz sikstilyon, yani “beş yüz milyar defa bin milyar”) beygir gücüdür.

Atom enerjisi, atom çekirdeğinden serbest bırakılan enerji demektir. Atom çekirdeğinin ikiye bölünmesi (fisyon) olayında, iki ayrı atom meydana gelir bölünen atomun çekirdeğinin kütlesinden bir kısmı enerji haline dönüşür. Bu bakımdan, “atom enerjisi” deyimi yerine, “nükleer enerji” (atom çekirdeği enerjisi) deyimi de kullanılır.

Nükleer enerji kimyasal bir işlem sırasında meydana gelen enerjiden çok büyüktür. Örneğin, kömürün yanmasını ele alalım. Bir ocakta kömürü yaktığımız zaman, sıcaklığı veren şey, kimyasal bir olaydır. Bu olay sonunda, kömürdeki 1 karbon atomu, 2 oksijen atomu ile birleşerek, 1 karbon dioksit atomu meydana getirir. Oysa, 1 karbon atomunun çekirdeği parçalanacak olursa (fisyon), yanma sırasında çıkan sıcaklığın 3 milyon katı sıcaklık verir. Kömür, yada karbondaki nükleer enerjiden yararlanmanın yolu daha bulunamamıştır. Bu alanda, başta İngiltere olmak üzere, bir çok ülkelerde araştırmalar, deneyler yapılmaktadır. Karbonun nükleer enerjisinden yararlanma yolu bulunduğu zaman dünyanın gittikçe artmakta olan enerji darlığı geniş ölçüde giderilecektir.

ATOM ARAŞTIRMALARININ KISA BİR TARİHÇESİ

Leukippos ile Demokritos gidi Eski Yunan filozofları, daha bundan binlerce yıl önce, maddelerin “atom” adını verdikleri bölünmez, parçalanmaz zerreciklerden meydana geldiğini ileri sürmüşlerdi. Yalnız, bu kuramlar fizikten çok, felsefe doktrinleri niteliğindeydi. Atom üzerindeki bu düşünceler iki bin yılı aşkın bir süreyle unutulup gitti.

Atom kuramı’nı ilk kez bugünküne yakın bir anlayışla ortaya koyan ise İngiliz kimya bilgini Jonh Dalton oldu (Bk. Dalton).

Dalton’un 1803 yılında ortaya attığı atom kuramının ana hatları şunlardı :

1 –Bütün elemanlar atomdan yapılmıştır.

2 – Aynı elemanın atomları büyüklük, ağırlık başka özellikleri bakımından birbirine benzerler

3 – Atomlar yok edilemez, parçalanamaz, yoktan var edilemezler

4 – Başka başka elemanların atomları birleşerek, molekülleri meydana getirirler.

Dalton, aynı zamanda hem kendi kurduğu teoriye, hem de yaptığı deneylere dayanarak, elemanların atom ağırlıklarını da tespit etti. Ancak bu alandaki çalışmalar ilerledikçe, Dalton’un kuramında bir takım yanlışlıklar olduğu da meydana çıktı. Örneğin, belirli bir elemanın atomlarının kimyasal özellikleri aynı olsa bile, ağırlıkları değişik olabilir. Bu gün atomları parçalayarak yeni atomlar meydana getirmek olanağı da bulunmuştur.

Dalton’dan sonra atom alanındaki çalışmalara daha büyük bir hızla ilerlemeye başladı. 1896 yılında, Fransız bilgini Henri Becquerel (1852 – 1908) doğal radyoaktivite keşfetti. 1903 yılında Nobel Fizik Armağanı’nı kazanan bu bilgin, uranyumun yaydığı ışınımları dikkate çekerek, bunun radyoaktivite olduğunu belirtmişti. 1898 yılında da Marie ve Pierre Curie radyomu buldular (Bk. Curie). 1900’de, Alman bilgini Max Planck (1858 – 1947) Quantum Teorisi’ni ortaya attı (Bk. Quantum Teorisi). 1905 yılında ise büyük kuramsal fizik bilgini Albert Einstein, İzafiyet (Relativite) Teorisi’ni ortaya atarak E = mc2 formülünü buldu; atom enerjisinin büyüklüğünü belirtti.

Atomun yapısı üzerinde en önemli buluşlarını yapanlardan biri de İngiliz bilgini Ernest Rutheford (1871 – 1937)’dur. Rutheford 1904 yılında Alfa zerreciklerini keşfetti; 1911’de de atom çekirdeği kuramını ortaya attı. Atomların bir çekirdekle, bu çekirdeğin çevresinde dönen elektronlardan ibaret olduğunu ileri sürdü; atomların ilk özelliklerini keşfetti.

Atomla ilgili çalışmaların gelişmesini belirten öbür önemli tarihler de şunlardır :

1912 – İsotop Teorisi, Frederick Solddy (İngiltere).

1913 – Atom Yapısı Teorisi, Niels Bohr (Danimarka).

1919 – İlk Yapay Atom Praçalanışı (Rutheford azot atomunun çekirdeğini parçaladı).

1926 – Dalga Mekaniği Teorisi, Ervin Scheodinger (Almanya).

1928 – Quantun Mekaniği Teorisi, P. A. Dirac (İngiltere).

1931 – İlk Kiklotron, E. A. O. Lavrence (A. B. D.).

1932 – Deoteriumun keşfi, Harold Urey (A. B. D.).

1933 – Yapay Radyoaktivitenin Keşfi, Frederik ve Irene Joloit – Curie (Fransız).

1935 – U. 235’in Keşfi, A. J. Demspster (A. B. D.)

1938 – Uranyum Parçalanışı, Otto Hahn ve Fritz Strassmnn (Almanya)

1940 – İlk Detatronun Yapılması, D. W. Kerst (A. B. D.).

1934 – U. 239, Leptunyum ve Plutonyum Yapıldı, Enrico Fermi (Roma, Colombia ve Chicago Üniversiteleri).

1942 – İlk Atom Pili Yapıldı, Enrico Fermi (Chicago Üniversitesi).

1945 – İlk Atom Bombası Patlatıldı (A. B. D.).

1949 – Sovyetler Birliği’nde Atom Bombası Patlatıldı.

1952 – Hidrojen Bombası Patlatıldı.

ATOMUN TARİHÇESİ

Yunan atom teorisi Miletli LEUCIPPUS (M.Ö. 430 tahminen) ve bilhassa talebesi DEMOCRITUS (M.Ö. 470-400 tahminen) tarafından kurulmuş, Sisamlı EPICURUS (M.Ö. 306) ve antikitenin en dikkate değer materyalist sistemiyle De Natura Rerum’un (eşyanın mahiyeti hakkında) müellifi Lâtin şair ve fizikçisi LUCRETIUS (M.Ö. 90-95) tarafından devam ettirilmiştir. Bunlara göre madde ancak bir merhaleye kadar bölünebilir. Artık bölünmesi mümkün olmayan son bölünme kısmına da Epikurus, Yunancada bölünemez anlamına gelen Atomos’dan Atom adını vermiştir. Atomlar sert ve doludurlar. Bir cisim bunların birleşmesi ile vücut bulur, ayrılmasa ile de mahvolur. Atomlar hareketlidirler ve çarpışmaları neticesinde ısı meydana gelir. Atomların birbirleriyle birleşme tarzından cisimlerin gaz, likid ve solid halleri meydana gelir.

ARISTO (M.Ö. 384-321), tabiat hakkındaki sezgisel bilgisi pek derin bir dâhi olmakla beraber maddenin hakikî mahiyetini kavrayamamıştır. Onun fikrince hakikatte madde yoktur. Eşyayı ancak özellikleriyle tanıyabildiğimize ve bunlarla farklılandırabildiğimize göre, ancak bu özellikler prensip yahut element olarak düşünülebilir. Yani elementler ayrı ayrı özelliklerden ibarettir. Aristo her şeye uygun gelen özellikler araştır-mış ve bunların sıcak ve soğuk, kuru ve yaşta bulunduğunu sanmıştır. Bunlar ikişer ikişer birleştirildiklerinde altı çift elde edilir. Fakat bunlardan soğukla sıcak ve kuruyla yaş birbirinin zıttı olduğu için yok edilir ve neticede dört tane kalır. Soğuk ve yaş suyu (likid olan şey), soğuk ve kuru toprağı (solid olan şey), yaş ve sıcak havayı (gaz olan şey), kuru ve sıcak ateşi (yanan şey) teşkil eder. İşte ortaçağda pek büyük bir rol oynamış olan Aristo’nun dört element teorisinin menşei budur. Şüphesiz bunlar bugünkü manâda birer element değildirler. Zira bugünkü manâda bir element, başka cisimlerin birleşiminde bulunan cisimlerdir. Aristo’nun elementleri ise, muayyen ve temel özellikleri gösteriyordu. Böyle bir felsefe yardımıyla herhangi bir olayın sayı ile ve ölçü ile ifadesi mümkün değildi.

Ortaçağda (476-1453) Şark simyacıları Aristo’nun dört elementine cıva, kükürt ve tuz gibi üç element daha ilâve ederler. Yalnız bunlarla bugün aynı adı taşıyan cisimler arasında hiçbir münasebet yoktur. Bunlar cisimlerde az çok bulunurlar. Kükürt, cisme ateşte bozulabilme ile rengini ; cıva, metalik manzara ile eriyebilmeyi ; tuz da, lezzeti ve çözünebilmeyi verir.

Ortaçağ, ortaya atılan bu saçma teorilerden dolayı ilim tarihinde karanlık bir devre olarak yer almıştır.

İlmi bütün bunlardan ilk defa kurtaran ve kimyasal elementin modern mânasını ilme sokan ROBERT BOYLE (1626-1691) olmuştur. Boyle denel temelden yoksun bir hipotezi kabul etmeyi kesin olarak reddetmiştir. Boyle, madde kavramıyla düşünen bir bilgindir. Ona göre elementleri özellik olarak değil madde olarak almak lâzımdır. Element demek, sadece daha basit maddelere ayrılamayan madde demektir. Öteki cisimler bunların bileşikleridir. Bu bakımdan Boyle’a ilk kimyacı gözüyle bakılabilir. Boyle bir atomistikçidir. Fakat henüz kantıtatif kimya çağına girilmemiş olduğundan bir çok düşünceleri felsefî mahiyette kalmıştır. Bununla beraber, Boyle’un araştırmaları tesadüfün mahsulü şeyler değildir. The Sceptical Chemist adlı eserinden de anlaşıldığı gibi, bunlar düşünülmüş ve muhakeme edilmiş işlerdir.

Boyle sayesinde neticeye epeyce yaklaşılmış iken XVIII. Yüzyıl kimyacıları, mevcut vakâları hiç düşünmeden ve üstelik bunlarla çelişme halinde olmasına rağmen eski Yunandan kalma bir zihniyet mirasıyla genel fikirler başvurmuşlardır. XVIII. Yüzyıl STHAL’ın flogiston devridir. Bu teoriye göre, her yanıcı cisim, biri yanıcı olmayan sabit bir madde ile (kül, toprak) öteki yanıcı bir prensip yani flogiston yahut flogistikten ibarettir. Flogiston maddî birleşim bakımından çok yanlıştır ; bizi element ve birle-şik cisim hakkında yanlış düşüncelere götürür. Meselâ metaller birleşik, oksitler ise basit cisimlerdir. Üç çeyrek yüzyıl zarfında kimyaya hâkim olan bu teori, element mefhumunun gelişmesine hiç de müsait değildi ; zira maddenin temel özelliği olan kütleyi hiç göz önüne almıyordu.

Yeni kimyanın kurucusu büyük âlim LAVOISIER ile kantitatif kimya çağı doğmuş ve flogiston teorisi ortadan kalkmıştır. Lavoisier ile madde gerçek manâsını almış ve elementin kantitatif tarifi verilmiştir. Lavoisier için element, eldeki vasıtalarla ayrıştırılamayan cisimdir.

Ancak maddenin gerçek anlamı anlaşıldıktan ve elementin gözlem ve denemeye uygun doğru bir tarifi verildikten sonradır ki modern atomistik’in doğuşu beklenebilirdi ve gerçekten de öyle olmuştur.

Yeni Atom Teorisi

Eskilerin atomistik kavrayışıyla bugünkü arasında büyük fark vardır. Eskisi tamamiyle felsefîydi ve hiçbir deneye dayanmıyordu. Halbuki bir teorinin deneye ve gözleme dayanması lâzımdır. Bir teori mevcut vakâları tarif ve aralarındaki bağları tayin ettiği ve yeni vakâları önceden tahmin edebildiği takdirdedir ki ilmî bir mahiyet alır.

Eskiler göze çarpan vakâlara bakmaksızın, içinde mantık çelişmeleri bulunmamak şartı ile genel prensipler kurmaya çalışmışlardır. Eskiler uzun yıllar maddenin gerçek anlamını anlamaya bir türlü yanaşmamışlardır. Hatta bazı müellifler, eski Yunan filozoflarının kâinatı bir ilim adamı gibi değil, bir şair gibi temaşa ettiklerini söyler ve bunun sebebini o vakitler el işlerinin âdi işlerden addolunduğu için âlim ve filozofların bu işlere tenezzül etmemesinde bulurlar (*). O halde hiçbir denel temele dayanma-yan ve tamamiyle felsefî olan düşünceleri ve bu arada atom kavramları bilgilerimiz üzerinde hiçbir rol oynamamıştı denilebilir. Üstelik Democritus’un atomları sert, tarif olarak bölünemez (atomos = bölünemez) ve esas itibariyle de doludurlar. Halbuki bugün biz atom için, içinde karışık bir teşkilât, karışık kuvvet alanları, daha küçük tanecikler ve bunların arasında büyük boşluklar bulunan bir yapı tasavvur ediyoruz.

(*) Adnan Adıvar, İlim ve din

Atom ve molekül kavramlarının bugünkü mânasıyla ilimde yer alabilmesi için aşağı yukarı iki bin sene geçmiştir. BERNOULLI (1738) de, gazların birbirinin aynı, daimî surette harekette bulunan fakat uzak mesafe-lerde birbirine tesir etmiyen küçük taneciklerden yapılmış olduklarını bunların bulundukları kabın kenarlarına çarpmalarından basıncın husule geldiğini izah etmiş ve bu suretle de gazların kinetik teorisinin temelini atmıştır.

Atomistik’in ilmî hüvviyetiyle ilimde yer alabilmesi, tereddütsüzce söylenebilir ki, kimyacılar sayesinde mümkün olmuştur. Bizim için modern atom teorisinin baş kurucusu, kimyanın ilerlemesinde büyük rolü olan JOHN DALTON (1808)’dur.

Lavoisier tarafından modern kimyanın temelleri atıdıktan sonra Dalton, zamanında bilinen kimya kanunlarını (Dalton’un artan oranlar, GAY-LUSSAC’ın gazlar ve PROUST’un sabit oranlar kanunlarıdır) izah edebilmek için atom bilgisine kesin bir anlam vermiştir. «New System of Chemical Philosophy» adlı değerli eserinde atom teorisinin esaslarını izah etmiştir. Bu teorinin esası şöyledir: Bütün kimyasal elementler gayet ufak taneciklerden yani atomlardan kurulmuştur. Atomlar kimyasal reaksiyon-larda bölünmeksizin kalırlar. Bir elementin aynıdır ve hususiyle aynı kütleye maliktir. Halbuki çeşitli elementlerin atomları farklıdır. Kimyasal bileşikler, kendilerini kuran elementlerin atomlarından meydana gelmişler-dir. Bunların belli sayıda birleşmesinden moleküller meydana gelir. Bu şekilde ifade edilen atom hipotezi sabit oranlar kanununu pek iyi izah ediyordu.

Dalton’un eseri daha sonra bir çok bilginler tarafından geliştirilerek devam ettirilmiştir. Yaklaşık bütün gazlara uygulanabilen Boyle-Mariotte ve Gay-Lussac kanunlarını izah edebilmek için AVOGADRO ( 1811) da, kendi adını taşıyan hipotezini ifade etmiştir. Bu hipoteze göre: «Aynı temperatur ve basınç şartlarında çeşitli gazların eşit hacimlerde daima eşit sayıda molekül bulunur. » Bu hipotezin, daha doğrusu bu kanunun önemine AMPÈRE tarafından da işaret edilmiştir.

0°C da ve 760 mm cıva basıncında gaz halinde 22,4 litrede mevcut molekül sayısına Avogadro Sayısı adı verilmiş ve “N” harfiyle gösterilmiş-tir. O halde bütün saf cisimlerin birer molekül gramlarında daima Avogadro sayısı kadar molekül bulunduğu gibi basit cisimlerin birer atom gramlarında da Avogadro sayısı kadar atom vardır.

Avogadro ve Ampère’in fikirleri atom teorisine ilmî bir mahiyet vermiş ve çok önemli olan Avogadro sayısı sabitinin bir yüzyıl sonra ölçülmesiyle de atomistik’in parlak bir gerçekleşmesi sağlanmıştır.

Maddenin atom hipotezine dayanan ve bu teorinin lehine kaydedilen bu önemli neticeler, atomların mevcudiyetlerinin doğrudan doğruya denel bir gerçekleşmesini verememekteydi. Bu husustaki denemeler ise gayet yavaş olmuştur. Bunlardan ilki JEAN PERKIN (1909) tarafından yapılmış olup Avogadro sayısı için 6.10²³ e yakın bir değer bulunmuştur. Bulunan bu değerle, gazların kinetik teorisinden elde edilen değer arasındaki uyarlık, yalnız kinetik teorinin temel hipotezlerinin doğruluğunu değil, moleküllerin varlığının da parlak bir delilini vermiştir. Bilhassa şu son yarım yüzyıl içinde maddenin yapısına dair olan başka denemelerle teorik düşünceler atom ve moleküllerin gerçek birer varlık olduklarını hiçbir şüpheye yer bırakmayacak bir şekilde ispat etmiştir. Daha 1910 dan itibaren cisimlerin birer molekül gramlarında aynı sayıda molekülün bulunduğu birbirinden tamamıyla farklı çeşitli metodlarla meydana konulmuş ve bunlar hep aynı mertebeden değerler vermişlerdir.

Bugün Avogadro sayısı için

N = (6,02308 ± 0,00036) x 1023 (g mol)-1

değeri kabul edilmektedir. Ekseriya 6,02 X 1023 değeri de alınır.

Atomun Fiziksel yapısı

Atomun yapısı hakkında ilk denel bilgi ERNEST RUTHERFORD tarafından, 1911 de, alfa partiküllerinin katı cisimlerden geçişleri sırasında uğradıkları sapmaların keşif ve izahı sayesinde mümkün olmuştur. Bu suretle bir atomun, merkezde atomun bütün kütlesini, gayet küçük ve pozitif elektrik yüklü bir çekirdekle bunun etrafında ve çekirdeğin yükünü nötralleştirecek sayıda elektronun dönmekte oldukları modeli verilmiştir. Eğer bir atomun çekirdeği dışındaki elektronların sayısı Z ise, bir elektronun yükü e olduğuna göre çekirdeğin pozitif yükü Z e dir. Bir atomun karakteristiği olan Z ye o atomun ait olduğu elementin atom numarası denmiştir. Daha 1869 da MENDELEYEFF, elementlerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerindeki benzerlikleri göz önüne alarak elementlerin atom tartılarına göre sıralandıklarında, özelliklerinin periyodik bir tarzda tekrarlandığını görmüş ve bu gün de kendi adını taşıyan, elementlerin periyodik sistemini kurmuştur. Uzun zaman bu devriliğin mahiyeti anlaşılamamıştır. Fakat X ışınları spektrumu MOSELEY kanunu sayesinde (1913) elementlerin sıralanmalarının atom ağırlıklarına göre değil, atom ağırlıklarıyla beraber giden fakat onu her yerde takip etmeyen atom numarasına dayandığı denel olarak meydana konulmuştur. Bir elementin Z si aynı zamanda onun periyodik sistemdeki yer numarasıdır.

Rutherford’un atom modeli bazı itirazlara uğramıştır. Gerçekten de bu atom modeli klâsik elektromangetik teorilere göre kararsızdır. Çünkü elektronların çekirdek etrafında dönmeleri lâzımdır, aksi taktirde pozitif olan çekirdek üzerine düşmeleri icap eder. Diğer taraftan, elektronlar döndükleri taktirde enerji kaybederler, bunun neticesi ise yörüngeleri gittikçe küçüleceğinden nihayet çekirdeğin üzerine düşmeleri lâzım gelecektir. Rutherford teorisini bu çıkmazdan NIELS BOHR kurtarmıştır (1913). Bohr, MAX PLANCK’ın 1900 de enrejinin süreksiz bir tarzda quantum şeklinde alınıp verildiğini ifade eden quantum teorisine dayanmak suretiyle Rutherford atom modelini bazı postulat’larla tamamlamıştır. Böylece Rutherford-Bohr atom modeli meydana gelmiştir.

Bu atom modeliyle başta hidrojenin olmak üzere bazı elementlerin spekturumlarıyla Rydberg sabitinin menşei izah edilmekle beraber bir çok denel neticeler izah edilemediği gibi Bohr postulat’larının biraz sunî olduğu da meydana çıkmıştır. Bu model daha sonra SOMMERFELD atom modeli ile tamamlanmak istenmiştir. Bohr atom modelindeki elektronların dairesel yörüngeleri yanında eliptik yörüngelerin de bulunduğu düşünülmüştür. Gerek bu model ve gerekse elektronların hareketlerine izafiyet düzeltilme-sini de ilâve etmekle beraber spekturumların tam izahı mümkün olamamıştır.

GOUDSMIT ve UHLENBECK, 1924 de, elektronun çekirdek etrafındaki hareketinden başka kendi etrafında da döndüğü (spin) hipotezini ortaya atmışlardır. Bu hipotez çok verimli neticeler sağlamış ve tayfların tam olarak izahı da mümkün olmuştur.

PAULI, 1925 de, kendi adını taşıyan exclusion prensibi sayesinde bir atomun çekirdek dışı elektronlarının dağılımının aritmetiğini ve elementle-rin periyodik sisteminin anahtarını vermiştir.

Bu gün bir atomun çekirdek dışı hakkındaki bilgilerimiz bilhassa dalga ve quanta mekanikleri sayesinde tamdır. Atomun kabuğunu ilgilendi-ren bütün özelliklerin izahı mümkündür. Dalga mekaniği, ışığın mahiyeti hakkında uzun zamandır mevcut olan dalga ve korpüsküler paradoksal hale son vermek için 1923 de LOUIS DE BROGLIE tarafından kurulmuş ve bilhassa SCHRÖDINGER tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Quanta mekaniği ise HISENBERG tarafından kurulmuş ve BORN, JORDAN, DIRAC tarafından geliştirilmiştir.

Dalga mekaniğinde, harekette bulunan bir taneciğe bir faz dalgasının refakat ettiği kabul edilir. Bu netice hızlandırılmış elektronları muhtelif billûrlar üzerine göndermek suretiyle önce DAWISSON ve GERMER ; sonra G.P. THOMSON ve daha sonra da PONTE tarafından denel olarak ispat edilmiştir.

Atomun yapısı hakkındaki bilgilerimizin gelişmesi üzerine KOSSEL (1910), LEWIS-LANGMUIR ve başkalarının çalışmaları sayesinde «valans (değerlik)» kavramı izah şeklini bulmuş ve bu sayede bilhassa organik kimyanın büyük gelişmesi sağlanmıştır.

Atom için olduğu gibi çekirdek için de bir yapı araştırılmıştır. İnsanoğlu daima kâinatın sonsuz karışıklığını az sayıda prensibe irca etmeye çalışmıştır. Eskiden beri bütün cisimlerin müşterek bir tipten teşekkül oldukları hakkında hipotezler ileriye sürülmüştür. Daha 1815 de İngiliz doktoru PROUT, çeşitli elementlerin, en basit element olan hidrojen atomlarının yoğunlaşmasından teşekkül etmiş oldukları hipotezini ileriye sürmüştür. Bu hipoteze göre esasta madde birliği vardır ve temel madde de hidrojendir. Bu hipotez doğru ise, cisimlerin atom ağırlıklarının hidrojenin-kinin tam katı olması lâzımdır. Prout’un bu tam sayılar hipotezi bazı elementlere uyuyor, bir çoklarına ise hiçbir suretle uymuyordu. Meselâ atom ağırlığı 35,46 olan klor bunun tipik bir misâliydi. Bu sebepten Prout hipotezi ifade edildiği devirde kabul edilmemiştir.

J.J. THOMSON ve ASTON (1919), kütle spektrografı metoduyla yaptıkları denemeler neticesinde, o zamana kadar basit olarak düşünülen bir çok cisimlerin gerçekte atom ağırlıkları farklı cisimlerin karışımı olduklarını meydana koymuşlardır. Bu suretle daha önce radioelementler hakkında SODDY’nin bulmuş olduğu izotopluk kavramı âdi elementler halinde de meydana konulmuştur. Bu izotoplar çekirdeklerinde aynı sayıda proton içerirler. Yani Z leri aynıdır Mendeleyeff cetvelinde aynı yeri işgal ederler, kimyasal özellikleri aynıdır, ancak fiziksel özellikleriyle fark edilirler. O halde izotop atomlarının çekirdeklerinde aynı sayıda protona karşılık farklı sayıda nötron vardır. Böylece klorun 35,46 atom tartısı bir ortalama atom tartısıdır ve atom tartıları 36 ve 37 olan iki izotopun 3/1 oranında karışımından ibarettir. İzotopları atom tartılarının tam sayılara eşit olmasının ispatıyla, Prout’un tam sayılar hipotezi yüzyıl sonra denel olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Klor halinde Z = 17 dir. O halde atom tartısı 35 olan klor çekirdeğinde 17 proton ve 35 – 17 = 18 nötron ; 37 izotopunda ise 17 proton ve 37 – 17 = 20 nötron olacaktır. Atomlar nötr olduklarından, bunların çekirdek dışlarında da 17 şer elektronları bulunur. Çekirdeklerin kütleleri proton ve nötronunkinin tam katlarından ibaret olmalıdır. Halbuki çekirdeklerin kütleleri, kendilerini teşkil eden proton ne nötronların kütleleri toplamından, pek az da olsa, daima daha küçük bulunmuştur. Bu kütle noksanlığının, tanecikler birleşirken Einstein’ın E = mc2 ilişkisine göre bir miktar enerji kaybetmelerinden ileri geldiği tespit edilmiştir. Bir çekirdeğin sağlamlığının bu kütle noksanlığının fazlalığıyla arttığı görülmüş ve çekirdekler buna göre bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Ağır ve çok hafif çekirdeklerin kararsız, orta ağırlıktakilerin ise en sağlam oldukları görülmüştür. Nitekim çok ağır atomlu olan çekirdekler tabiî radioaktiftir ve kendiliklerinden parçalanırlar. PERİYODİK DİZGE

19. yüzyıl başlarında kimyasal çözümleme yöntemlerinde hızlı gelişmeler elementlerin ve bileşiklerin fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerine ilişkin çok geniş bir bilgi birikimine neden oldu. Bunun sonucunda bilim adamları elementler için çeşitli sınıflandırma sistemleri bulmaya çalıştılar. Rus kimyacı Dimitriy İvanoviç Mendeleyev 1860′larda elementlerin özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri ayrıntılı olarak araştırmaya başladı ; 1869′da, elementlerin artan atom ağırlıklarına göre dizildiklerinde özelliklerinin de periyodik olarak değiştiğini ifade eden periyodik yasayı geliştirdi ve gözlemlediği bağlantıları sergilemek için bir periyodik tablo hazırladı. Alman kimyacı Lothar Meyer de, Mendeleyev’den bağımsız olarak hemen hemen aynı zamanda benzer bir sınıflandırma yöntemi geliştirdi.

Mendeleyev’in periyodik tablosu o güne değin tek başına incelenmiş kimyasal bağlantıların pek çoğunun birlikte gözlemlenmesini de olanaklı kıldı. Ama bu sistem önceleri pek kabul görmedi. Mendeleyev tablosunda bazı boşluklar bıraktı ve bu yerlerin henüz bulunmamış elementlerle doldurulacağını ön gördü. Gerçekten de bunu izleyen 20 yıl içinde skandiyum, galyum ve germanyum elementleri bulunarak boşluklar doldurulmaya başlandı.

Mendeleyev’in hazırladığı ilk periyodik tablo 17 grup (sütun) ile 7 periyottan oluşuyordu ; periyotlardan, potasyumdan broma ve rubidyumdan iyoda kadar olan elementlerin sıralandığı ikisi tümüyle doluydu ; bunun üstünde, her birinde 7 element bulunan (lityumdan flüora ve sodyumdan klora) iki kısmen dolu periyot ile altında üç boş periyot bulunuyordu. Mendeleyev 1871 de tablosunu yeniden düzenledi ve 17 elementin yerini (doğru biçimde) değiştirdi. Daha sonra Lothar Meyer ile birlikte, uzun periyotların her birinin 7 elementlik iki periyoda ayrıldığı ve 8. gruba demir, kobalt, nikel gibi üç merkezi elementin yerleştirildiği 8 sütunluk yeni bir tablo hazırladı.

Lord Rayleigh (Jonh William Strutt) ve Sir William Ramsay’in 1894 den başlayarak soygazlar olarak anılan helyum, neon, argon, kripton, radon ve ksenonu bulmalarından sonra, Mendeleyev ve öbür kimyacılar periyodik tabloya yeni bir “sıfır” grubunun eklenmesini önerdiler ve sıfırdan sekize kadar olan grupların yer aldığı kısa periyotlu tabloyu geliştirdiler. Bu tablo 1930′lara değin kullanıldı.

Daha sonraları elementlerin atom ağırlıkları yeniden belirlenip periyodik tabloda düzeltmeler yapıldıysa da, Mendeleyev ile Meyer’in 1871 deki tablolarında özelliklerine bakılarak yerleştirilmiş olan bazı elementlerin bu yerleri, atom ağarlıklarına göre dizilme düzenine uymuyordu. Örneğin argon – potasyum, kobalt – nikel ve tellür – iyot çiftlerinde, birinci elementlerin atom ağırlıkları daha büyük olmakla birlikte periyodik sistemdeki konumları ikinci elementlerden önce geliyordu. Bu tutarsızlık atom yapısının iyice anlaşılmasından sonra çözümlendi.

Yaklaşık 1910′da Sir Ernest Rutherford’un ağır atom çekirdeklerin- den alfa parçacıkları saçılımı üzerine yaptığı deneyler sonucunda çekirdek elektrik yükü kavramı geliştirildi. Çekirdek elektrik yükünü elektron yüküne oranı kabaca atom ağırlığının yarısı kadardı. A. van den Broek 1911′de, atom numarası olarak tanımlanan bu niceliğin elementin periyodik sistemindeki sıra numarası olarak kabul edilebileceği görüşünü ortaya attı. Bu öneri H.G.J. Moseley’in pek çok elementin özgün X ışını tayf çizgi- lerinin dalga boylarını ölçmesiyle doğrulandı. Bundan sonra elementler periyodik tabloda artan atom numaralarına göre sıralanmaya başladı. Periyodik sistem, Bohr’un 1913′te başlattığı atomların elektron yapıları ve tayfın kuvantum kuramı üzerindeki çalışmalarla açıklığa kavuştu.

Periyodik sistemin bugün kullanılan uzun Periyotlu biçiminde, doğal olarak bulunmuş ya da yapay yolla elde edilmiş olan 107 element artan atom numaralarına göre yedi yatay periyotta sıralanır ; lantandan (atom numarası 57) lütesyuma (71) kadar uzanan lantanitler dizisi ile aktinyumdan (89) lavrensiyuma (103) aktinitler dizisi bu periyotların altında ayrıca sıralanır. Periyotların uzunlukları farklıdır. İlk periyot hidrojen periyodudur. Ve burada hidrojen (1) ile helyum (21) yer alır. Bunun ardından her birinde 8 element bulunan iki kısa periyot uzanır. Birinci kısa periyotta lityumdan (3) neona (10) kadar olan elementler, ikinci kısa periyotta ise sodyumdan (11) argona (18) kadar olan elementler yer alır. Bunları, her birinde 18 elementin bulunduğu iki uzun periyot izler. Birinci uzun periyotta potasyumdan (19) kriptona (36), ikinci uzun periyotta rubidyumdan (37) ksenona (54) kadar olan elementler bulunur. Sezyumdan (55) radona (86) kadar uzanan 32 elementlik çok uzun altıncı periyot, lantanitlerin ayrı tutulmasıyla 18 sütunda toplanmıştır ve özellikleri birinci ve ikinci uzun periyottaki elementlerinkine çok benzeyen elementler bu elementlerin altında yer alır. 32 elementlik en son uzun periyot tamamlanmamıştır. Bu periyot ikinci en uzun periyottur ve atom numarası 118 olan elementlerle tamamlanacaktır.

Gruplar. Helyum, neon, argon, kripton, ksenon ve radondan oluşan altı soy gaz, tümüyle dolu altı periyodun sonunda yer alır ve bunlar periyodik sistemin 0 grubunu oluştururlar. Lityumdan flüora ve sodyumdan klora kadar uzanan ikinci ve üçüncü periyottaki yedişer element ise sırasıyla I., II., III., IV., V., VI., VII. grupları oluştururlar. Dördüncü periyotta yer alan, potasyumdan broma kadar sıralanan 17 elementin özellikleri farklıdır. Bunların periyodik sistemde 17 alt grup oluşturdukları düşünülebilir, ama bu elementler geleneksel olarak 15 alt grupta toplanırlar ve demir, kobalt, nikel ve bundan sonraki periyotta benzer özellikte olan elementler tek bir grupta, VIII. Grupta yer alırlar. Potasyumdan (19) manganeze (25) kadar olan elementler sırasıyla Ia, IIa, IIIa, IVa, Va, VIa, VIIa alt gruplarında, bakırdan (29) broma (35) kadar olan elementler de Ib, IIb, IIIb, IVb, Vb, VIb, VIIb, alt gruplarında toplanırlar.

I. grup alkali metaller grubudur ; lityum ve sodyumun yanı sıra potasyumdan fransiyuma kadar inen metalleri kapsayan bu grup, farklı özelliklere sahip Ib grubu metallerini içermez. Aynı biçimde, berilyumdan radyuma kadar inen elementleri kapsayan II. grup toprak alkali metallerdir ve IIb grubundaki elementleri kapsamaz. III. grubu oluşturan bor grubu elementlerinin özellikleri, IIIa grubunun mu yoksa IIIb grubunun mu, bu grupta yer alacağı sorusuna kesin bir yanıt getirmez, ama çoğunlukla IIIa grubu elementleri bor grubu olarak düşünülür. IV. grubu karbon grubu elementleri oluşturur ; bu grup silisyum, kalay, kurşun, gibi elementleri kapsar. Azot grubu elementleri V. grupta toplanmışlardır. VI. grup oksijen grubu elementlerinden, VII. grup ise halojenlerden oluşur.

Hidrojen elementi bazı tablolarda Ia grubunda gösterilmekle birlikte kimyasal özellikleri alkali metallere ya da halojenlere çok benzemez ve elementler arasında benzersiz özelliklere sahip tek elementtir. Bu nedenle hiç bir grubun kapsamında değildir.

Uzun periyotların (4., 5. Ve 6. periyotlar) orta bölümünde yer alan IIIb, IVb, Vb, VIIb, Ib gruplarındaki ve VIII. gruptaki 56 elemente geçiş elementleri denir.

Bir Periyotta Soldan Sağa Doğru Gidildikçe ;

a) Atom no, kütle no, proton sayısı, atom kütlesi, nötron sayısı, elektron sayısı, değerlik elektron sayısı artar.

b) Atom çapı ve hacmi küçülür.

c) İyonlaşma enerjisi artar.

d) Elektron ilgisi ve elektronegatifliği artar. (8A hariç)

e) Elementlerin metal özelliği azalır, ametal özelliği artar. (8A hariç)

f) Elementlerin oksitlerinin ve hidroksitlerinin baz özelliği azalır, asitlik özellik artar. (8A hariç)

g) Elementlerin indirgen özelliği azalır, yükseltgen özelliği artar. (8A hariç)

Bir Grupta Yukarıdan Aşağıya Doğru İnildikçe ;

a) Proton sayısı, nötron sayısı, elektron sayısı, çekirdek yükü, Atom no, Kütle no artar.

b) Atom çapı ve hacmi büyür.

c) Değerlik elektron sayısı değişmez.

d) İyonlaşma enerjisi, elektron ilgisi ve elektronegatiflik azalır.

e) Elementlerin metal özelliği artar, ametal özelliği azalır.

f) Elementlerin, oksitlerin ve hidroksitlerin baz özelliği artar, asit özelliği azalır.

g) Elementlerin indirgen özelliği artar, yükseltgen özelliği azalır.

#atom #Deuteron #ISITOP #Meson #molekül #Neutrino #nükleer #Positon #Triton