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On This Day In History . 18 April 1540 . . King Henry VIII made Thomas Cromwell Earl of Essex & the senior Court office of Lord Great Chamberlain, just three months before he was executed after being found guilty of treason, heresy, corruption & more. . . About Thomas Cromwell; . Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex (born. c. 1485 – executed. 28 July 1540) was an English lawyer & statesman who served as chief minister to King Henry VIII of England from 1532 to 1540. . ◼ Cromwell was one of the strongest & most powerful advocates of the English Reformation. He helped to engineer an annulment of the king’s marriage to Queen Katharine so that Henry could lawfully marry Anne Boleyn. Henry failed to obtain the Pope’s approval for the annulment in 1534, so Parliament endorsed the king’s claim to be Supreme Head of the Church of England, giving him the authority to annul his own marriage. Cromwell subsequently charted an evangelical & reformist course for the Church of England from the unique posts of vicegerent in spirituals & vicar-general. . ◼ During his rise to power, Cromwell made many enemies, including his former ally Anne Boleyn. He played a prominent role in her downfall. . ◼ He later fell from power, after arranging the king’s marriage to German princess Anne of Cleves. Cromwell had hoped that the marriage would breathe fresh life into the Reformation in England, but Henry found his new bride unattractive & it turned into a disaster for Cromwell, ending in an annulment six months later. . ◼ Cromwell was arraigned under a bill of attainder & executed for treason & heresy on Tower Hill on 28 July 1540. The king later expressed regret at the loss of his chief minister. . . . #onthisdayinhistory #thisdayinhistory #theyear1540 #d18apr #ThomasCromwell #EarlofEssex #History #EnglishMonarchy #EnglishReformation #Britishmonarchy #RoyalHistory #OnThisDay #Cromwell #england #minister #lord #statesman #chiefminister #Tudors #TudorHistory #Tudor #Henryviii #KingHenryVIII #KingofEngland #HistoryFacts (at London, United Kingdom) https://www.instagram.com/p/B_H4N6vj6Zp/?igshid=1uy8vlbr4smuv

On This Day In Royal History . 18 April 1712 . . Louisa Maria Stuart died aged 19 . . ◼ Louisa Maria Stuart, known to Jacobites as Princess Royal, was the last child of James II and VII (1633–1701), the deposed king of England, Scotland, & Ireland, & of his queen, Mary of Modena. In English, she was called Louisa Maria & Louise Marie in French. . ◼ Louisa Maria was born in 1692, at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, during her parents’ exile. . ◼ The new-born princess was given the names Louisa & Maria in baptism, while Teresa (sometimes spelt Theresa) was added later, at the time of her confirmation. She was given the name Louisa in honour of King Louis XIV of France, who acted as her godfather. . ◼ Louisa was the only full sibling of Prince James Francis Edward, the ‘Old Pretender’, to survive infancy, & was four years younger than her brother. The two were brought up together in France. . ◼ Louisa’s tutor was an English Roman Catholic priest, Father Constable, who taught her Latin, history, & religion. . ◼ In 1705, at the age of thirteen, Louisa Maria was a guest of honour at a ball at the Château de Marly, ranking only after Louis XIV himself, her own mother Queen Mary, & her brother James Francis Edward, considered by Louis to be another King. . ◼ Louisa Maria enjoyed dancing & the opera, & became popular at the French court. Two possible matches for her were considered, with Louis XIV’s grandson Charles, Duke of Berry(1686–1714), & with King Charles XII of Sweden (1682–1718). Neither took place, the first apparently due to Louisa Maria’s equivocal position, & the second because the young King of Sweden was not a Roman Catholic. . ◼ In April 1712, both James Francis Edward & his sister fell sick with smallpox. While the Old Pretender recovered, Louisa Maria died on 18 April & was buried with her father at the Church of the English Benedictines in Paris. . . . #onthisdayinhistory #thisdayinhistory #theyear1712 #d18apr #LouisMariaStuart #HouseofStuart #History #JamesIIofEngland #Paris #Stuarts #HistoryFacts #MaryofModena #OnThisDay #jacobites #jacobite #EnglishMonarchy #England #RoyalHistory #Britishmonarchy (at Paris, France) https://www.instagram.com/p/B_H4x_rD24J/?igshid=17wwnameo1f6