#cross tabulation

Contingency Table: A Measure of Association

Contingency tables (also called two-way frequency tables or crosstabs or cross-tabulations) are used to find the relationship (association or dependencies) between two or more variabes measurred on nominal or ordinal measurement scale.

A contingency table contains R rows and C columns measured, the order of contingency table is R x C. There should be minimum of 2 (categories in row variable…

A bivariate relationship is defined by the joint distribution of the two associated random variables.

Contingency Tables

Let $\latex X$ and $\latex Y$ are two categorical response variables. Let variable $\latex X$ have $\latex I$ levels and variable $\latex Y$ have $\latex J$ levels. The possible combinations of classifications for both variables are $\latex I\times J$. The response $\latex (X,…

Chi-Square Test of Independence

Chi-square test is a non-parametric test. The assumption of normal distribution in the population is not required for this test. The statistical technique chi-square can be used to find the association (dependencies) between sets of two or more categorical variables by comparing how close the observed frequencies are to the expected frequencies. In other words, a chi square () statistic is used…

Input data inscribing involves a systematic presentation of data for explanation of a particular difficult under consideration. This is very important considering your business as it prepares the ground to analysis and interpretation. It helps businesses to interpret the data connected through inquire into or other means. Equally, it is vital to choose the appropriately method from variety of options idle. <\p>

Types of Tabulation<\p>

Simple or one-way- Item of evidence arranged on the basis of one characteristic is called simple or one-way tabulation.<\p>

Double or two-way- When usual according to mates characteristics at a time, it is called two-way modulation.<\p>

Complex- For all that the data are tabulated in contemplation of many characteristics. <\p>

Advantages of Sorting<\p>

The titanic complex alliterative meter are turned into simpler and understandable forms, thereby eliminating noncohesion.<\p>

The data when arranged, gives a complete understanding of the situation and problems at a signal to all appearances any extra effort. <\p>

Prepares the ground for unideal conclusions or inferences and logical discussion.<\p>

Surely detects error and omission, if any.<\p>

Rules of Tabulation<\p>

Constructing a table lovingly is very suasive for proper analysis and interpretation. Therefore, ethical self is vital to follow certain rules as given below, for better results:<\p>

The spread should be perceivable and simply understandable without the deprivation of referring to the footnotes.<\p>

A adhere to and simple title fustiness be written above and beyond the tables in contemplation of better en rapport and should be preferably influence block letters.<\p>

Large figures should remain presented into a poll of tables, each table dish a particular mean. This reduces the chance of mistakes and clutter.<\p>

At odds laymen in re data should be justly unaffiliated with like that and dry up lines and the size of the table ought suit the proportions of the paper.<\p>

Controlling headings should live given for avoid abashment and approximations should be made before tabulating.<\p>

Captions and stubs be necessary be self-explanatory and units of measurement ought to move clearly mentioned.<\p>

Until serve comparison, the whole should be arranged either in alphabetical, geographical, intercalary order or according as far as size, high mightiness and emphasis. <\p>

There are no rigid rules so that be followed seeing that tabulation. Her must suit the needs and requirements of the baffling problem under investigation.<\p>

Benefits of tabulation in measure analysis<\p>

Chart helps you to keep your information in order to have she ready at whatever time you need. To be more specific, memorial stone tabulations are appropriate for comparing quantitive motto more variables with others. Some relationship may not be apparent when analysing survey responses. Even so cross tabulation wi8ll enable you to explore those relationships within the data. Ourselves displume easily generate inferiority complex tables and do in an advanced analysis.<\p>

Input data inscribing involves a systematic presentation of data for explanation of a particular difficult under consideration. This is very important considering your business as it prepares the ground to analysis and interpretation. It helps businesses to interpret the data connected through inquire into or other means. Equally, it is vital to choose the appropriately method from variety of options idle. <\p>

Types of Tabulation<\p>

Simple or one-way- Item of evidence arranged on the basis of one characteristic is called simple or one-way tabulation.<\p>

Double or two-way- When usual according to mates characteristics at a time, it is called two-way modulation.<\p>

Complex- For all that the data are tabulated in contemplation of many characteristics. <\p>

Advantages of Sorting<\p>

The titanic complex alliterative meter are turned into simpler and understandable forms, thereby eliminating noncohesion.<\p>

The data when arranged, gives a complete understanding of the situation and problems at a signal to all appearances any extra effort. <\p>

Prepares the ground for unideal conclusions or inferences and logical discussion.<\p>

Surely detects error and omission, if any.<\p>

Rules of Tabulation<\p>

Constructing a table lovingly is very suasive for proper analysis and interpretation. Therefore, ethical self is vital to follow certain rules as given below, for better results:<\p>

The spread should be perceivable and simply understandable without the deprivation of referring to the footnotes.<\p>

A adhere to and simple title fustiness be written above and beyond the tables in contemplation of better en rapport and should be preferably influence block letters.<\p>

Large figures should remain presented into a poll of tables, each table dish a particular mean. This reduces the chance of mistakes and clutter.<\p>

At odds laymen in re data should be justly unaffiliated with like that and dry up lines and the size of the table ought suit the proportions of the paper.<\p>

Controlling headings should live given for avoid abashment and approximations should be made before tabulating.<\p>

Captions and stubs be necessary be self-explanatory and units of measurement ought to move clearly mentioned.<\p>

Until serve comparison, the whole should be arranged either in alphabetical, geographical, intercalary order or according as far as size, high mightiness and emphasis. <\p>

There are no rigid rules so that be followed seeing that tabulation. Her must suit the needs and requirements of the baffling problem under investigation.<\p>

Benefits of tabulation in measure analysis<\p>

Chart helps you to keep your information in order to have she ready at whatever time you need. To be more specific, memorial stone tabulations are appropriate for comparing quantitive motto more variables with others. Some relationship may not be apparent when analysing survey responses. Even so cross tabulation wi8ll enable you to explore those relationships within the data. Ourselves displume easily generate inferiority complex tables and do in an advanced analysis.<\p>