#cross browser

Selenium Testing : 

Definition : Selenium testing specifically refers to the use of the Selenium framework for automating web applications. It is an open-source tool designed for web application testing. 

Automation testing 

Definition : Automation testing is a broad term that refers to the use of software tools to execute tests automatically, manage test data, and utilize results to improve software quality. 

Difference between Selenium and Automation testing :  

Domain:  

Automation Testing : This can apply to various types of software. 

Selenium Testing : This specifically for web applications. 

Flexibility:  

Automation Testing  : It encompasses a wide range of tools and technologies. 

Selenium Testing : It is just one option among many. 

Language Support:  

Automation Testing : This  frameworks may have specific language requirements depending on the tool. 

Selenium Testing : This supports multiple programming languages (Java, C#, Python, etc.).  

Scope: 

Automation Testing: Encompasses various applications, including web, mobile, desktop, and APIs. 

Selenium Testing: Limited to automating web applications only. 

Tools: 

Automation Testing: Includes a variety of tools (e.g., QTP, TestComplete, Appium). 

 Selenium Testing: Primarily utilizes the Selenium suite (WebDriver, IDE, Grid).               

User Interface: 

Automation Testing: Some tools provide GUI interfaces, while others may require scripting. 

Selenium Testing: Primarily code-based, requiring programming knowledge to write tests. 

Test Types: 

 Automation Testing: Can be used for functional, regression, performance, and load testing. 

Selenium Testing: Mainly used for functional and regression testing of web applications.             

Integration: 

Automation Testing: Can be integrated with various CI/CD tools and frameworks. 

  Selenium Testing: Easily integrates with tools like Jenkins, TestNG, and JUnit for continuous testing.               

Execution Environment: 

Automation Testing: Can be executed in diverse environments (cloud, local, virtual). 

Selenium Testing: Requires a web browser environment to run tests.                                              

Community and Support: 

Automation Testing: Varies by tool; some have large user communities. 

Selenium Testing: Has a strong, active community and extensive documentation. 

Cost: 

Automation Testing: Some tools are commercial and require licensing fees. 

Software testing is essential part of Software Development Life Cycle. Without testing, software deployment in the market is not possible. So that we have two criteria to check software in software testing that is – Entry Criteria also called start testing and Exit Criteria also called end testing. 

In entry criteria, we start testing as soon as possible when development starts, find the bugs in early stage of development so that it will be easy to fix. In exit criteria, there are some metrics which we follow to decide when to stop testing or how much testing we required. 

 When is it enough testing? 

Deciding how much testing we need to do is very critical task. As long as continuous development is going on , we required testing also , so that we can say that our product is stable and reliable .But still there are some factors where we decide that enough testing has been done or not. 

The main aim of testing is not mean to find out many defects in the software but to make sure that the application should be work as per client expectation without any disturbance. No one can give us assurance that the software is totally bug free or testing has been done completely. 

Every software is not easy to test, some are complex too so that they may have unlimited bugs to detect and hence it’s impractical to test it. 

So the fact is that testing is endless process which continue till the software exists. So we cannot say that we can find all the defects in software and now stop the testing. 

When to stop testing: 

Some are the points which let us know that when to stop testing: 

When test cases are completed with maximum area coverage. 

When the defect ratio drop from the calculated ratio. 

When the budget came to its end. 

When the release deadlines have been reached. 

What are the Completion or Exit Criteria? 

The exit criteria means it is based on the condition in which the test cycle ends. All the test cases which are pass, fail or skip are the factor that decide the exit criteria. 

What are the Completion or Exit Criteria? 

The exit criteria are nothing but the conditions or criteria based on which the test cycle ends. All the Coverage (Pass, Defect) and test completion are factors that decide the exit criteria. 

Below are the points: 

Defect closure rate: This criteria is based on the rate that how many defects are found and how many defects fixed.     

Test case coverage: This criteria based on percent of test cases means how many test cases should be executed and passed successfully before testing can be considered as complete. 

Time-based criteria: When testing is limited for a specific time period such as certain number of days, weeks, or months at that movement time-based criteria used to determine when testing must be stopped. 

What should be present in the Exit Criteria? 

The exit is decided at the beginning of the test cycle means in the Test Planning stage and it also depends on the project and requirements of projects. Below are the points 

Which say that when to stop testing. 

Time and budget constraints 

Stakeholder approval 

Risk-based analysis 

Defect closure rate 

Testing can be Stopped When: 

When all the criteria like pass rate and defect rate should be achieve. 

Defect rate is minimal and manageable. 

The Stockholder review the satisfied result and provide sign-off 

Conclusion   

Application testing is an important phase in the software development life cycle, whose main goal is to verify the functionality of a piece of software and its compliance with the required specifications. The basic purpose of many techniques is to assess some facet of the software to reveal problems, validate operations, and measure performance. Here’s an overview of the key software testing techniques: 

  1. Black Box Testing  Black box testing is a method of software testing whereby the person testing does not require any information about how the examined application works. In this process, the tester only inputs data into the software and only reads processing results without knowing the program code and its structure. The primary goal here is the usage of the application and its ability to perform in a desired manner. Common black box testing techniques include: 

  Equivalence Partitioning: Partition testing is a technique that checks one element in each of the divisions of the input data where the reaction of the software is supposed to be similar.  Boundary Value Analysis: Checking the edges and the line in between the partitions there most probably would be mistakes.  Decision Table Testing: Develop a decision table that includes all possible input combinations of the problem and decides in advance the outcome that each combination should produce to exhaust all possibilities.  State Transition Testing: Verifying the movement of the software from one state to another to determine its behavior where the system’s behavior is relative to the current state. 

2. White Box Testing 

Clear box, glass box, or white box testing is a kind of testing in which the internal workings of an application are tested. The tester is aware of the internal code and architecture and designs tests to make certain that the inside operations run as they are supposed to. Key techniques under white box testing include: 

Unit Testing: The process of verifying an individual module or portion of the entire software so that that particular section of it works properly. 

Code Coverage Analysis: Calculating the ratio of the code sizes as covered by the tests, to have high coverage, thus getting better tests for most parts of the code. 

Statement Coverage: The need to guarantee that all the statements in the program code are run at least once. 

Branch Coverage: It means checking all the possible branches (true or false) in the code. 

Path Coverage: Making Sure all paths of the code have been covered by the test. 

Control Flow Testing: Controlling the flow of the software through explicit and repetitive tests to identify control structures such as loops and conditions. 

3. Grey Box Testing 

Grey box testing is considered as an infiltration of black box and white box testing. Here, the tester has a limited understanding of the app’s flow and how it is structured, which makes the testing process better. The technique is particularly useful in integration testing where all the internal elements as well as the interfaces are tested. 

4. Static Testing 

Static testing is a software testing method in which the software’s code, documentation, and any other tangible requirements are inspected without the usage of the application. This technique is usually applied to find out different defects at the initial stage of development. Common static testing techniques include: 

Code Reviews: Code reviews by other students or programmers to find problems ranging from pentad logic mistakes or operational errors, violations of guidance for coding practices, or the presence of flaws that are likely to emerge as bugs. 

Static Analysis Tools: Static analysis tools that crawl through the source code looking for issues such as vulnerabilities, code smells, and other defects but do not run the program. 

Walkthroughs and Inspections: Pre-scheduled sessions in which the development team reviews the design of the software, implementation code, or any other entity that has been developed to find faults. 

5. Dynamic Testing 

In dynamic testing, one runs the software and looks for problems, and ensures that the software operates correctly. It applies to all levels of testing which includes unit testing, integrated testing, system testing, and even acceptance testing. Key dynamic testing techniques include: 

Functional Testing: Mainly, the testing is done to ensure that the software operates as it is required to do as per the specifications provided. 

Non-Functional Testing: This is the exercise of the software to check on its non-functional features like speed, ease of use, and insecurity. 

Performance Testing: Evaluating the performance of the software: The ability of software to respond to various situations, its stability, and how it utilizes the available resources. 

Load Testing: Benchmarking of the application to check how the software works when a high amount of load is applied. 

Stress Testing: The process of putting the software through pressure to determine its ability to deal with stress or overloading. 

Regression Testing: Performing regression testing where an application is run again to confirm that the changes that have been made do not introduce new faults. 

6. Exploratory Testing 

Exploratory testing is an informal, ad-hoc testing technique in which the tester tends to test the application without any prior prepared scripts. The tester is experienced and applies his/her logic to determine situations that may likely have defects and then creates and runs tests on the spot. This technique is very helpful in finding unknown problems and getting better insight into the software system when it is used in the real environment. 

7. Acceptance Testing 

Acceptance testing is done with the purpose of testing the software to its business requirements and its suitability for deployment. This testing is mostly done by the customers or the end-users to ascertain that the software offers the required value. Key types of acceptance testing include: 

User Acceptance Testing (UAT): Verifying the developed software against the requirements of the users, as to whether they have been met. 

Operational Acceptance Testing (OAT): Affirming that all software is ‘production ready’, that is, backup/restore disaster recovery, and maintenance. 

Conclusion 

One of the most important things in web development is to test : testing that our site works correctly on different Browsers and Device, this process is called cross-browser testing. Through comprehensive testing, you may improve user experience, address proper site performance and catch any issues pro-actively before they affect your audience. 

Importance of Cross-Browser Testing 

The Diverse User Base: This is fairly obvious, but people use different browsers and devices to access websites. Supporting different platforms allows the user experience to be seamless across all of them. 

User Experience: A Browser Compatible Website ensures the best user experience by working perfectly fine in all browsers. 

Your Brand Reputation: Compatibility issues can give a negative message to users regarding your brand. 

Business Expansion: Cross browser testing broadens reach and ensures business expansion. 

Manual Testing 

Simulate Browsers: You can use virtual machines or browser emulators to try your site on different browsers and operating systems. 

Real Device Testing: The results are much more accurate when you use genuine devices such as smartphones, tablets and desktops for testing your website. 

Popular Browsers: Any website should be tested in most popular browsers to serve the largest audience. 

Automated Testing: 

Selenium WebDriver — A well known open source automation testing tool. It helps in different programming languages, and user can even create the test script for cross browser testing. 

Selenium Grid: It is a test execution platform which allows parallel testing and superfast response. 

Cypress ,Playwright ,TestCafe etc. Other tools can be used to identify more efficient automation frameworks and their characteristics as well. 

Tips For Widespread Cross-Browser Testing 

Test the High-Priority Features First: It means to test those functionalities first which are more important and check if some basic features are working as expected. 

Testing Matrix:Develop a testing matrix to keep a track of the issues faced and browsers/devices tested 

Check Browser Compatibility Matrices : Refer to some browser compatibility matrices of web development frameworks or libraries for potential issues. 

Constantly Test: When you are doing changes to your website, keep testing on a regular basis. 

Let me show how you can do cross browser testing with selenium. 

Selenium is one of the most popular tools when it comes to cross browser testing. Multiple programming languages, it can run on Browser chrome, firefox or edge or safari at least. This is how you do Cross Browser Testing with Selenium 

Environment Setup: Initial you need to set up the selenium webdriver and install required browser drivers (example, Chromedriver,Geckodriver for firefox etc.). Selenium WebDrivers are built so as to act as a bridge between Selenium and the browser you want to test. 

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();  // For Chrome 

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();  // For Firefox 

Cross Browser Tests: After setting up your environment, you will write tests that can be ran against different browsers. For elements like buttons, forms, links and page layouts you can create test cases to make sure their behaviour is the same across browsers. 

public class CrossBrowserTest { 

    WebDriver driver; 

    @Before 

    public void setup() { 

        String browser = System.getProperty("browser"); 

        if(browser.equals("chrome")) { 

            driver = new ChromeDriver(); 

        } else if(browser.equals("firefox")) { 

            driver = new FirefoxDriver(); 

        } 

    } 

    @Test 

    public void testHomePage() { 

        driver.get("https://example.com"); 

        Assert.assertEquals("Title of the page", driver.getTitle()); 

    } 

    @After 

    public void teardown() { 

        driver.quit(); 

    } 

} 

Cross Browser Testing Best Practices 

Test with the browsers people use: Test on the most popular browsers for your users. These are Chrome, Safari, Firefox and Edge (global usage stats). 

Testing across Multiple Devices: You also want to make sure that your application is responsive and user friendly on both desktop and mobile browsers. Mobile testing — Selenium that use the same scripts and run it with Appium. 

Test Browser Versions: Only testing on the latest browser version. As there may be even users that are using older versions, you should for sure check compatibility with various versions. 

Automate Repetitive Tasks: No matter how exciting might Chrome DevTools sound to you but it's necessary to minimise the repetitive tasks that you do in order to make browsing easier, and test bibrowsers faster. Selenium: — it is a perfect tool to automate these tests and run them regularly in the process of. 

Use Cloud Testing Platforms: Cloud-based cross browser testing platforms offer hundreds of browsers and devices which save your time and infrastructure costs. 

Conclusion 

Ensuring your website or application functions flawlessly across several browsers is essential in today's digital environment. The practice of confirming that your web content works correctly across various web browsers and provides a consistent user experience is known as cross-browser testing. Even though automated testing methods can greatly expedite this process, manual testing is still necessary to identify subtleties that automation could overlook. This is a thorough explanation of how to successfully conduct manual cross-browser testing. 

Teams can manually run test scripts on other clients or perform cross-browser testing, noting changes in functionality on other web clients. Although small websites and applications are the ideal candidates for this kind of browser testing, the amount of human involvement needed to test every feature, as precise as almost 100%, is still prohibitive. 

Installing multiple browsers and operating systems on different computers and mobile devices is necessary to manually test a website. The identical test cases must then be carried out by hand in each selected setting. For testers, this is time-consuming and draining, and the entire testing period is, therefore, very long. Moreover, it is not feasible to conduct manual testing in a range of scenarios. To swiftly finish testing tasks, cross-browser testing automation is therefore necessary. 

1. Understand Your Target Browsers: 

Decide the browsers and versions you wish to target before you start testing. This could consist of: 

Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge, and Internet Explorer are popular browsers. 

Mobile browsers: iOS Safari, Android Chrome, etc. 

Previous Versions: If your audience may still be using previous versions, it may be vital to test the 

2. Set Up Your Testing Environment: 

Equipment and Configuration: 

Devices: Verify that you have access to a range of gadgets, including smartphones, tablets, and PCs. 

Install the target browsers and the versions that correspond to them. 

Network situations: To understand performance under varied situations, test under varying network speeds. 

BrowserStack and Sauce Labs are helpful resources for virtual testing environments. 

Tools for local testing in server setups, such as MAMP or XAMPP. 

.3. Create a Testing Checklist:  

Using a checklist guarantees that you address every important facet of your website. This is a basic overview: 

Important Things to Test: Layout and Design: Verify space, alignment, and general appearance. 

Functionality: Verify that buttons, forms, and navigation function as intended. 

Performance: Keep an eye on responsiveness and load times. 

Compatibility: Check that media components (pictures, movies) work as intended. 

JavaScript Execution: Examine whether there are any problems with scripts operating in various browsers. 

Accessibility elements, such as screen readers, should be taken into account. 

Responsive design, which adapts to various screen sizes. 

Security features (login procedures, SSL certificates). 

4. Execute Your Tests: 

Launch the Target Browser: Begin by opening each browser individually. 

Open your application or website: After entering the URL, watch for it to load completely. 

Navigate the Site: Check all features, design components, and performance indicators using your checklist. 

Record Findings: Note any problems, along with how to replicate them. 

Methods of Testing: 

Visual Testing: Compare how items look in various browsers by taking screenshots. 

Interaction Testing: Examine buttons and forms for mistakes or broken links. 

5. Log and Report Bugs: 

Documenting problems when you discover them is essential to their resolution. Incorporate: 

An explanation of the problem: Give specifics about the issue. 

Note the browser and version that were affected by the problem. 

How to Reproduce: Give a precise way to replicate the problem. 

Screenshots: Developers can gain a better understanding of the issue by using visual evidence. 

6. Collaborate with Your Development Team: 

After compiling your results, closely collaborate with developers to resolve the issues you found. This cooperation can guarantee that patches are applied effectively and expedite the debugging process. 

Advice for Successful Teamwork: 

To keep track of issues, use project management software such as Jira or Trello. 

Arrange frequent meetings to talk about bugs and how to fix them. 

7. Retest After Fixes: 

Retest all targeted browsers after developers have fixed the issues to make sure they have been fixed and that no new ones have emerged. 

8. Document the Testing Process: 

Record your testing procedure, conclusions, and outcomes after your testing cycle. This will be a useful resource for new team members and help expedite testing efforts in the future. 

Conclusion: 

https://multiqos.com/top-browser-compatibility-issues-to-avoid/

Cross-browser testing is the formality of testing web applications and websites in all of the common web browsers that users use today. So Connect with us, if you want to take this service.

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New Post has been published on https://www.codeconspirators.com/should-you-blame-the-designer-if-your-website-doesnt-feel-right/

Should You Blame the Designer if Your Website Doesn’t Feel Right?

Not really. What browser are you using and which version is it? Funny how most websites look funky on IE (Internet Explorer), particularly the older versions i.e. IE 6, 7 and 8, yet everything looks fine on other browsers. Keeping it simple, the look and formatting of your website is contained in a CSS file (cascading style sheets). Problems occur when some browsers interpret the CSS differently. This has been and still is a challenge for web designers. Unfortunately, IE holds over 40% of the web browser usage share worldwide so we have to deal with it.

Part of our website launch process includes cross-browser compatibility checks, and we do our very best to get rid of the inconsistencies. Occasionally there may remain tiny irregularities, but the essential elements of the site are not compromised.

Technology moves very fast and so are the standards for web design. Ideally, sites must look pixel prefect on the newest browsers although we remain perceptive that there are still people using the older versions of these internet browsers.

For our clients and internet users alike – staying up to date as far as the operating system and web browser is always beneficial. Not only do we get more security while surfing the web but it substantially adds to positive user experience. If you are curious how your site looks like when viewed on other browsers, you may install other browsers on your computer or try some online tools like Browser Shots and Browsrcamp. You’ll be able to get a feel of how web designers and developers diagnose most site flaws.