Christopher Columbus (c. 1451–1506) led four transatlantic expeditions between 1492 and 1504 under the patronage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. His goal was to find a westward maritime route to Asia’s trade centers: India, China, Japan, and the Spice Islands, but instead, he reached the Caribbean archipelago, landing on islands such as Hispaniola and Cuba. Columbus only set foot on the American mainland during his fourth and final voyage (1502–1504), exploring parts of the Central American coast.












