Ankylosing spondylitis: a chronic inflammatory disease of the spine
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the joints of the spine and pelvis. It causes inflammation of the sacroiliac joints (which connect the pelvis to the spine) and the vertebrae. The term ‘ankylosing’ means ‘causing stiffness’. Over time, inflammation can cause the vertebrae to fuse together, stiffening the spine. Â
What causes ankylosing spondylitis?
The exact causes of ankylosing spondylitis are not fully understood, but it is known to be an autoimmune disease. The immune system mistakenly attacks the body's healthy tissues, causing chronic inflammation. Genetic factors appear to play an important role, in particular the presence of a specific gene called HLA-B27.
What are the symptoms?
The symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis can vary from person to person and change over time. The most common are :
 - Lower back pain: often felt in the lower back, worsening with rest and improving with physical activity.
- Morning stiffness: a feeling of stiffness when you wake up, which gradually eases over the course of the day.
- Fatigue: a feeling of chronic tiredness.
- Limitation of mobility: difficulty bending forward or turning the torso.
- Inflammation of the eyes (uveitis).
- Pain in other joints (shoulders, hips, knees).
How is ankylosing spondylitis diagnosed?
The diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis is based on :
- Clinical examination: the doctor will look for painful points and assess the mobility of the spine.
- Complementary examinations:
o X-rays: to visualise damage to the sacroiliac joints and spine.
o MRI: to obtain more detailed images of the soft tissues and joints.
o Blood tests: to look for inflammatory markers and confirm the diagnosis.
 What treatments are available?
Treatment for ankylosing spondylitis aims to relieve pain, reduce inflammation and slow the progression of the disease. It may include :
- Medication: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), corticosteroids, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs).
- Physiotherapy: to maintain mobility and strengthen muscles.
- Complementary treatments: heat, massage, acupuncture.
- Surgery: in certain advanced cases, to correct deformities or replace damaged joints.
How do you live with ankylosing spondylitis?
Living with ankylosing spondylitis requires a comprehensive approach, including :
- Appropriate regular physical activity.
- A balanced diet.
- Good stress management.
- Regular medical check-ups.
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