Semaphore Code
A helpful chart for Semaphore Code. Memorization not necessary, but recommended, as especially in the military, Semaphore is more commonly recognized than even Morse Code sometimes.
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Semaphore Code
A helpful chart for Semaphore Code. Memorization not necessary, but recommended, as especially in the military, Semaphore is more commonly recognized than even Morse Code sometimes.

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Beginning Letter Frequencies
     Letter Relative frequency as the first letter of an English word:
English Letter Frequencies
A helpful chart for remembering American english letter frequencies. Particularly useful for cracking simple monoalphabetic substitution ciphers.
The Tap Cipher
    The Tap Cipher is based off the polyps square, and is similar to a Bifid cipher, merely translates the numbers differently. The first instructions are the same:
Use your Polybius square:
Note: Some people like to use J and I as the same letter, to make the alphabet fit, while others omit W or Z.
Encode your message. Row, then column.
SECRETMESSAGE:
    S = 43
EÂ = 15
CÂ = 13
RÂ = 42
EÂ = 15
TÂ = 44
MÂ = 32
EÂ = 15
SÂ = 43
SÂ = 43
AÂ = 11
GÂ = 22
EÂ = 15
Now that you have all the numbers, simply translate it into taps. For example, S was 43. So it will be four taps and then three taps, like ⋅⋅⋅⋅ / ⋅⋅⋅ .  Your can translate the whole message this way. This code is commonly used in prisons as a means of communication between convicts.
    When working with runic, it is important to note that the Runic Alphabet has been tailored to fit English, and as such there exist variations. However, these are usually similar, and don't constitute a problem. Some people like to capitalize their runes, and most who do like to simply flip the runic lowercase upside down.

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Trifid Cipher
    So, the Trifid Cipher is just like the Bifid Cipher, in that it also uses grids and multiple numbers to encode single letters. It, however, does not use a Polybius square for it's initial encryption. It uses three grids, called layers, to separate the letters. This adds not only an extra layer of numbers, but also facilitates encoding, as there is no need to omit any letters due to there being enough space to fit all 26. The tables are arranged so:
Layer 1
  1 2 3     1  A B C     2  D E F     3  G H I
Layer 2
  1 2 3     1  J K L     2  M N O     3  P Q R
Layer 3
  1 2 3     1  S T U     2  V W X     3  Y Z  .
Encryption:
First, take your secret message, and encode it by layer, then column, then row:
    S = 311
EÂ = 122
CÂ = 131
RÂ = 233
EÂ =Â 122
TÂ = 321
MÂ = 212
EÂ =Â 122
SÂ =Â 311
SÂ =Â 311
AÂ = 111
GÂ = 113
EÂ =Â 122
Then, simply rearrange the numbers so that you read all the first numbers, then the middle ones, then the end numbers.
3112132133111 1233221211112 1213212211132
And that's your encoded message. Sometimes, you can scramble it even more by simply adding a keyword at the beginning of you layers, so that everything is a little shifted. This makes it harder to crack.
Bifid Cipher
    The Bifid Cipher is an interesting one, because there is really no other cipher quite like it. Instead of using substitution with more letters or simple numbers, each letter has a string of numbers that is used to encode it. Easier to use and understand than a simple substitution, as it uses a table, not a code.
Here's how it goes:
Use a Polybius square, such as the one below.
Note: Some people like to use J and I as the same letter, to make the alphabet fit, while others omit W or Z.
Encode your message. Row, then column.
    S = 43
EÂ = 15
CÂ = 13
RÂ = 42
EÂ = 15
TÂ = 44
MÂ = 32
EÂ = 15
SÂ = 43
SÂ = 43
AÂ = 11
GÂ = 22
EÂ = 15
Next, you take all the first numbers, then the second numbers, like so.
4114143144121 3532542533125
And that's it. There's your message. Decoding is intuitively easy. In theory, you can leave the message so that you don't switch the number grouping around, but then it's easier to crack using frequency analysis. You can also make it even more complex by adding a keyword to the beginning of the square, so that no one who would recognize the code would be able to simply crack it.
The Running Key Vigenére Cipher
        The Running Key cipher is the same as the Vigenére cipher in the respect that it uses the same polyalphabetic grid and the same order and method in which it encrypts letter pairs. The difference, though, is how the key is obtained. In a Vigenére cipher, the key is simply a word, repeated enough times to stretch the length of the message. In a Running Key cipher, the key is usually the passage from a book, like It was the best of times, it was the worst of times... and so on. To make a passage work, simply omit any punctuation or spaces, and you're good to go,