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Reverse osmosis is a water purification technique developed in 1950’s by US government to remove dissolved solids in saline and brackish water. The principle involves application of waterline pressure over untreated water against a semipermeable membrane. The separated H2O molecules pass through the membrane into a reservoir while contaminants remain on the other side. Over the years, RO has been extensively used for treating industrial feed water. While the primary method for demineralization is Ion exchange method, RO systems are adopted when large volumes of water need to be treated economically.

The life, efficiency & productivity of an RO Membrane water treatment system is greatly reduced due to a phenomenon called RO Membrane Scaling. During RO system operation, as the water moves through the membrane, the concentration of dissolved and suspended solids keep on increasing at the boundary layer. When the concentration exceeds saturation value, there occurs a tendency of deposition and crystallization on the membrane surface. Smaller depositions act as nuclei for more salt accumulation thus decreasing effectiveness of membranes and invoking frequent cleaning of the system. Scalants mostly include low soluble salts of calcium, barium, strontium as carbonates and sulfates and fine reactive silica crystals. Their low solubility makes them difficult to remove during cleanup processes.

Scaling can be minimized by pretreatment processes like ion exchange, chemical treatment like lime softening etc. but these incur higher costs. In some cases, acidification is practiced to remove insoluble carbonates and sulfates and most commonly Hydrochloric Acid is used. Recently, the popular choice of RO scale treatment is the use of Antiscalants. Reverse Osmosis Antiscalants are specialized chemical formulations added to the untreated feed water to increase the solubility of sparingly soluble salts that cause scaling. They mostly comprise of acrylates and phosphonates that greatly inhibit carbonate and sulfate precipitation. Since they offer an online scale protection advantage, RO Antiscalants have become an essential part of operations involving reverse osmosis systems. Such systems avoid mineral scaling and need less frequent cleaning, show greater efficacy with high permeate quality, decreased water and energy consumptions and longer operation life.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 is an RO Membrane Antiscalant manufactured by Nalco Company. It is a highly effective scale inhibitor engineered specifically for RO systems. It is suitable for treating brackish, highly saline and effluent feed water in RO filtration, Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration systems. It is compatible with all types of RO membranes and can extend membrane life thus cutting down operating and maintenance costs.

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191’s characteristics can be ideally summarized as:

· Effective against scales of calcium, strontium, barium salts of carbonate, sulfate and oxide origin

·  Zero scaling in system upto 2.6 LSI

·  Cleans by dispersing particulate fouling

·  Effective even at low feed water pH  upto 5.9

·  Can be fed directly or as diluted solution in system

·  Prevents formation of Iron scales

Nalco PermaTreat PC-191 helps resolve all scaling issues in RO Filtration systems and at all instances, the costs incurred are lower than would be for Ion exchange hardness removal methods. ChemEqual is the most trusted speciality chemical global marketplace based in USA with over 700+manufacturers and 30K products listed. Search for required Speciality Chemical products and its suppliers, manufacturers or its equivalent brands from the largest database of ChemEqual.

The simplest forms of non-toxic cleaners used in food processing industries are basically blends of mineral acids and inhibitors. Acid circulation is considered effective in removal of encrusted proteins and mineral deposits on heat treatment surfaces. HCL based cleaner for food processing industries has gained immense popularity in recent years with respect to CIP processes owing to its quick action, high solubility and easy rinsability. It can be used directly to clean or as a neutralizing solution after alkaline wash. It enhances removal of mineral deposits like hard water scale, milk stone, beer stone etc. Typical concentrations in solutions range from 30%-70% that require appropriate dilution before application based on industry, equipment, nature of contamination, topography of surfaces to be cleaned and application methods.

NALCLEAN 8940 is a carefully designed hydrochloric acid based acid cleaner with proper corrosion inhibitors and surfactant chemicals and acts as a low foaming cleaning liquid. It is a heavy duty formulation for complete removal of difficult mineral and protein base soils, water scales, corrosive depositions and hard deposits due to its surfactant based enhanced deposit penetration capacity.

Product Benefits:

-Attacks rust, scale and deposits; but not base metal

-Cleans complex equipment without dismantling

-Penetrates and disperses acid-soluble deposits

-Provides moderate foaming to minimize acid fuming

NALCLEAN 8940 can quickly remove hardness scales and metal oxide deposits from boilers, heat exchanger, condensers, evaporators, cooling jackets, process vessels, piping and other equipment with metal parts where chloride stress corrosion is not a factor, equipment commonly found in food processing plants, dairy industry and beverage sector.. It is recommended for use as an acid cleaner in all departments & establishments operating under government meat, poultry and shell egg grading and egg products inspection programs.

ChemEqual is a vast online chemical marketplace and B2B search engine where various grades of application specific acid cleaners and cleaning chemicals can be searched and enquired.

Hydrogen Peroxide has long been known for its oxidizing capabilities. But, its unstable nature made it highly unsafe and short lasting. Use of Silver as stabilizer and activator is the ideal solution to this problem. Silver stabilized hydrogen peroxide is efficiently used for soil fumigation, air sanitation, water disinfection, even surface disinfection. Silver with antimicrobial properties and the intense oxidizing effect of H2O2 can be used as an eco-friendly and powerful disinfectant with an assortment of utilizations.

Sanosil-Silver H2O2 is the only EU Biocide Article 95 compliant Hydrogen Peroxide/Silver based disinfectant approved for use in the UK by the HSE and NHS and used widely by the water treatment sectors, decontamination sectors as well as home care, hospitality and pharmaceutical sectors worldwide. The product is specified by the NHS to combat MRSA. The unique disinfection properties of silver stabilized hydrogen peroxide are intrinsically and environmentally safe to use in medical, clinical and most other built environments.

Sanosil disinfectant works in a combined 2-phase effect of the main ingredients. The nascent oxygen from hydrogen peroxide attacks cell walls of microorganisms upon direct contact. Nascent oxygen denaturizes the cell wall and disrupts cytoplasm stability. This effect is boosted by silver ions that disrupt protein activities associated with reproductive and metabolic systems and deactivates them resulting in rapid cellular degradation and microbial death.

Silver H2O2 disrupts the cellular membrane of microorganisms and attacks internal cell structure and processes. H2O2 decomposes into water and oxygen (2H2O2 -->2H2O+O2) and traces of nano silver form residue on the disinfected surface. These silver traces are invisible and non-toxic but actively and effectively counteract re-germination and re-growth.

Common disinfectants in the market focus their effect on one single point of attack which may be sufficient to kill germs in the short term however; monovalent biocides result in evolution of resistant germ strains and become increasingly ineffective over time. Sanosil is regarded as “smart” technology and less problematic as it does not allow development of resistance.

To date and based on ongoing worldwide studies, there is no human pathogen that has managed to develop a resistance to Sanosil.

Sanosil range of formulations for professional use is predominantly preferred as:

-  surface cleaner

-  low level water system continuous dosing agent

-  water distribution system treatment for bio-film removal

-  dental chair unit (DCU) waterline additive

 The available formulations are:

Sanosil S003 (1.5% H2O2): Fogging aerosol disinfectant for low level germ loads

Sanosil S006 (3% H2O2):  Fogging aerosol disinfectant for moderate level germ loads

Sanosil S010 (5% H2O2): Fogging aerosol disinfectant for high level germ loads and particularly effective in combating bacteria, viruses, yeasts, mildew, fungi, molds spores and malodorous smell.

As per the EEC, WHO, and the USEPA, Sanosil silver hydrogen peroxide represents no health threats to people. Even Switzerland, France, Australia and Germany have approved silver hydrogen peroxide for drinking water sanitation.

ChemEqual is a vast B2B online database where all types of silver hydrogen peroxide based disinfectants and their equivalents can be found easily.

Propylene glycol, also known as Propane-1,2-diol is used as a heat transfer fluid and antifreeze, particularly as a low corrosion non-toxic substitute to ethylene glycol based cooling systems. In aluminium based cooling systems like HVAC/R, propylene glycol has shown efficacy comparable to ethylene glycol.

 Benefits of PG:

-Low freezing point

-The ability to decrease the freezing point of water

-Burst protection

-Low mammalian toxicity

-Low flammability

-Excellent heat transfer properties

-A high boiling point, low vapor pressure

Water based fluids expand in volume when they freeze, causing rupturing of pipes and containment vessels. Ethylene glycol has severe toxicological and environmental implications making it unsuited for cases of human exposure. Water-PG mixtures in low temperature conditions do not create extra pressure on vessel walls and in case of leakage, they are not hazardous. This makes Propylene glycol the ideal active ingredient as heat transfer fluid in industrial systems.

DOWCAL 200 manufactured by DOW Chemicals is propylene glycol based heat transfer fluid antifreeze that has a wide range of application.  It has been formulated to operate at temperatures higher than what ordinary glycol fluids can. It has a low acute oral toxicity and includes a specially designed inhibitor package to prevent corrosion of common materials used in HVAC, Food beverage processing, solar power plants etc.

Applications:

·         Single fluid process heating and cooling

·         Closed-loop water based heating & air conditioning systems

·         Food and brewery industry

·         HVAC systems

·         Pharmaceuticals

·         Secondary cooling and heating

·         Freeze and Burst protection

·         Renewable energy systems

 ChemEqual is a unique online chemical and equivalents database and B2B marketplace where Propylene Glycol based antifreeze like DOWCAL 200 and its equivalents can be easily searched and enquired here.

Most metal hot working processes tend to leave a discoloring oxide layer or scale on the surface. Deposition of inorganic impurities, stains, rust and scales from ferrous, cuprous, aluminium and precious metal mostly as oxides hinder with further processes like extrusion, rolling and galvanizing. In jewellery making, soldering and annealing processes leave metal oxide residue that prevent polishing of ornaments. Such impurities are cleaned with the help of diluted solution of acids. The method is called pickling and the workpiece is dipped in a vat of acid solution popularly called “Pickle Liquor”.

Hydrochloric acid replaced the commonly used Sulfuric acid as the pickling liquor because it pickles much faster with minimum base metal loss. The aggressive chloride ion in the acid is the key to high efficiency in the cleaning process. It is used for cleaning metals with an alloy content of 6% or less. An acid inhibitor must be added to the pickling solution to prevent the metal from dissolving or becoming pitted. Such a pickling acid solution is called “Inhibited HCL” and is a blend of Hydrochloric acid solution in water and an acid corrosion inhibitor which in itself is a blend of organic compounds that adsorb on the metal surface during pickling.

Rodine 213 SPL is an organic cationic inhibitor with a unique blend of surfactants and stabilizers that impart excellent efficacy at preventing acid corrosion during cleaning and simultaneously extending inhibitor life. With a high foaming chemistry, it can effectively inhibit even 80% concentrated Hydrochloric acid during descaling and pickling treatment of sensitive metals like copper, nickel, brass, tin, lead, zinc, and all types of galvanized surfaces of steel. It can be used in formulating pre-inhibited descaling chemicals and acid cleaners. Rodine 213 SPL is highly effective at suppressing toxic acid fumes characteristic to concentrated acids.

It ensures metal surface protection during processes involving elimination of lime deposits from boiler and pipework and from evaporating plants, removal of oxide deposits from iron, steel, brass and copper. Rodine 213 SPL is free from chlorinated hydrocarbons and heavy metals like arsenic and lead. It can be synergized with Hydrochloric acid pickling in stipulated concentrations both by circulation method and by soak and rinse method. Rodine 213 SPL’s exceptional strength and commendable heat stability makes it an ideal acid inhibitor during enhancement of the pickling process by pre-heating the equipments with the inhibited acid solution.

Its key features can be summarized as follows:

·         Can be used for formulating pre-inhibited cleaners or descalant

·         Compatible with fluorides and additives

·         High shelf life and inhibitor efficiency

·         Fume suppressant

·         Multi-metal protection including copper and brass alloys

Rodine 213 SPL has widespread industrial application in industries such as Iron & Steel, Power Station, Heavy Engineering Industries, Petrochemical & Refineries, Sugar Processing Industry, Cement, Glass & Ceramic Industries to name a few.