#chassis engineering

Optimization plays a key role in environmental engineering parameters since the best system performance mainly is on optimum point or optimum range. The majority of wastewater treatment processes are multi-variable and optimization through the classical method is inflexible, unreliable and time-consuming. Thus, response surface methodology (RSM), as a very efficient design and widely used technique, can be adapted for optimization of various parameters in wastewater treatment processes. RSM is a practical mathematical and statistical tool that can be employed for analyzing the effects of several independent factors on the treatment process in order to obtain the maximum benefit from the process. Recently, several water and wastewater treatment processes have been optimized for treatment different type of wastewaters via RSM including; textile dye wastewater, tannery wastewater, industrial paint wastewater, landfill leachate, olive oil wastewater, and palm oil mill effluent. The present study focuses on the usability and effectiveness of RSM for process parameters modeling and optimization in wastewater treatment studies. In this paper, some of the RSM studies were reviewed in order to verify the usability of RSM and its limitations.

Sanitation falls under the preventive type of public health. It is also another monopoly function to be under taken by the municipality. Sanitation includes removal of rubbish, sludge, night soil and dead animals controls of tilies and mosquitos, drain drainage and sweeping. Prevention is better than cure an improvement is general sanitation in the inhabited areas of the cities and towns to provide salutary. The findings revealed that sanitation workers undergo several problems both physically and mentally. The problems in work place can be solved by providing equal rights as other government employees. Discrimination and stigmatization in work place and society shows that the people need more development in grounds of humanity and respect. Uplifting the underprivileged in terms of education, rights, power and employment improves the growth of the country. Providing safety measures for sanitation workers, conducting regular medical camps, prevention of manual scavenging, creating awareness about government schemes will definitely improve their quality of life. Social Workers can be appointed to provide psychosocial help to the sanitation workers.

The fields of image and video encoding and compression have been put to a lot of stress with increase in the capacity of Integrated circuits. As technology shrinks, more and more transistors can be put into an I.C and thus the demand for higher resolution images and videos are coming up which need better encryption algorithms. The image and video processing algorithms are very compute intensive and with increase in resolution, the width of the compute elements like adders, etc. increase and this increase the power consumption of the device by several times. Approximate computing can reduce the power consumption as careful approximation does not affect the output quality of the image and video. Fixed levels approximation yield inconsistent quality output for different images and videos. In this project, we propose a dynamic approximation based image processing circuit. We implement an input based dynamically approximate reconfigurable adders and sub-tractors who can adjust their level of approximation dynamically by looking at the input thrown to them and thus, can trade-off between quality and power saving. We implement the code in Verilog HDL and verify the power by using the power estimator in Xilinx ISE tool. The simulation will be demonstrated in Modelsim software.

The Act known as National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) created a justifiable 'œRight to work' for all households in rural India. This Act renamed as the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is an unprecedented intervention by the Government in reforming and reenergizing the (rural) labour market both by way of correcting the prevailing anomalies and in providing livelihood security to millions of rural poor. In conflict-ridden Kashmir's rural areas that are caught in widespread poverty, vulnerability and lack of basic infrastructure, the launching of the NREGA brought a lot of hope and optimism. As in Kashmir society most of the rural poor are largely dependent on the prospects of agriculture sector which is facing the problems of productivity in absolute and relative terms in contemporary times because of climatic and other environmental and socio-cultural concerns. Thus the promised 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per household per annum at the stipulated minimum wages has not only reduced the rampant under and unemployment in Kashmir's rural areas, but also impacted the stagnant wage structure for the rural unskilled workers. MGNREGA is also a glaring example which has ensured community participation in planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation (Social Audit). It also aims at enabling the local bodies to move towards good governance through the transparency, accountability and participatory mechanisms. Even the efficacy of the institutional performance and active participation of the community determine the overall effectiveness of NREGS. However, after more than half a decade of policy implementation the only major available information source about the state '“ the 'œGovernment official figures' '“ do not show a healthy picture when compared to other parts of India and generate a lot of questions and ambiguity, addressing the dearth of ground level literature, which could have explained the myths and realities behind the fluctuating and comparatively low performing official estimates. This paper is a modest attempt in this direction to highlight the feasibility and contextual dilemmas of the MGNREGA in Kashmir with an empirical study of one of the most backward Districts of the Valley i.e. District Budgam. It also analyses the official figures and their limitations and provides field reflections on some of the limitations in the proper implementation of the scheme. In addition to this it highlights the issues and challenges in the smooth functioning of the Panchayat Raj Institutions in the proper implementation of the scheme. The study has been carried out with a proper scientific methodology, and to elicit the relevant information the researchers have employed non participant observation and interviews with the stakeholders as key research methods. In summation from this study policy conclusions can be drawn based on a general analysis of the set-up, past experience and the findings from the field study

This paper provides a review on barriers of rural electrification and mechanisms for these activities. Access to affordable and high-quality electricity is essential for the development of modern economies. Low rates of electricity access in the developing world pose a signi?cant barrier to sustainable economic and social development, particularly in rural areas. The International Energy Agency (IEA) estimates that about 1.3 billion people in the world, primarily in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, still lack a connection to electricity. 

70 Years Independent India's largest democracy operate through the Periodic elections. In this paper explaining electoral reforms through the information technology (IT) and Transformation of electoral management in India. This paper mainly analyses the entire IT role in the election system and the main intervention of revolutionary transformation of free and fair elections. Moreover, the paper explaining role of 21st century Indians electoral system in citizen and voters services, electoral management, transparency and political party's participation. Information Communication Technology (ICT) developed many applications in electoral management. In addictions this paper analyse these Applications and Its Working Style. This paper explaining the importance of electronic voting machines (EVM) and the transformation of EVM system. In addition, paper explaining the emerging trends in EVM machines recent proposal of VVPATs. Analysing advantages and significances the Revolution implication of NOTA. Information Technology will soon be seeking free and fair elections of the Indian electoral system.