#cell physiology

Yeast cells under the microscope

Abstract

This investigation undertook a systematic analysis of the microbial structure of six kinds of daqu from different types of Chinese baijiu. From the results, it was noted that the prokaryotic microbial species present in daqu were much more complex than the eukaryotic microorganisms, but the number of eukaryotic microorganisms was greater than that of prokaryotic microbes. The investigation identified 8 phyla, 74 classes, 130 orders, 203 families, and 255 genera for eukaryotic microbes and 11 phyla, 74 classes, 116 orders, 411 families, and 473 genera for prokaryotic microorganisms. The main eukaryotic microbe in daqu was Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota; Ascomycota species are mainly moulds and yeasts, and they play a major role in of baijiu fermentation. The main prokaryotic microorganism in daqu was Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Euryarchaeota and Planctomycetaceae. The number of eukaryotic microbes OTUs were ranked in the order Nongxiang> Zhima-xiang>Qing-xiang>Feng-xiang>Chi-xiang>Jiang-xiang, and the abundance values were ranked in the order Qingxiang> Nong-xiang>Jiang-xiang>Zhima-xiang>Chi-xiang. The number of prokaryotic microorganisms OTUs were ranked in the order Qing-xiang>Nong-xiang>Zhima-xiang>Feng-xiang>Chi-xiang>Jiang-xiang, and the abundance values were ranked in the order Qing-xiang>Nong-xiang>Zhima-xiang>Feng-xiang>Chi-xiang>Jiang-xiang.

Read more about this article: https://lupinepublishers.com/biotechnology-microbiology/fulltext/analysis-of-the-microbial-structure-in-daqu-for-the-main-types-of-chinese-baijiu.ID.000146.php

Abstract

High intelligence is a valuable human capital that is correlated with success in one’s life. Human intelligence is governed by genetics as well as environmental factors. Recent studies indicate that contribution of genetics to intelligence is greater as compared to environment. Based on the above facts, we have gone through literature available on this topic. In this review article, we have focused on the genetic factors which influence human intelligence. Intelligence, in terms of IQ, is a polygenic trait and counting of genes linked to intelligence thus continues. Heritability of human intelligence increases with age. Genes of intelligence can protect a person from certain disorders but increase the vulnerability towards other disorders. Nowadays, Gene Plaza and DNA Land can predict the genetic IQ of a person. Few studies so far have been done on human intelligence and its relation with genetics. Hence, intense research is required to explore the genetics of human intelligence.

Read more about this article: https://lupinepublishers.com/biotechnology-microbiology/fulltext/genetics-and-human-intelligence.ID.000138.php

Abstract

Bioorganic liquid fertilizer not only increases bioorganic fertility of crops (in comparison to the control and prototype fertilizer), but also accelerates their maturation and nutrient quality. Thus, the present study was aimed to produce bioorganic liquid fertilizer from groundnut husk and onion bulbs through aerobic fermentation in open containers. The result indicated that bioorganic liquid fertilizer solution from groundnut husk and banana peels through aerobic fermentation in open containers. Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), and calcium (Ca) were found to be significant between bioorganic liquid fertilizer and compost tea (used as a control) solution. The quality of bioorganic liquid fertilizer solution produced in the present study was indicated that all measured parameters including PH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Carbon(C), Nitrogen (N), and C:N ratio was found to be significant between compost tea and bioorganic fertilizer solutions. The performance of lettuce irrigated with bioorganic fertilizer solution in both soil and hydroponic medium (sawdust) was performing better than compost tea solution. It was found that most of the measured parameters including above ground biomass per plant (BMW), Days to Maturity (DM), and Head Weight Per Plant (HWP) were found to be significant, between compost tea and bioorganic fertilizer solutions, for all soil grown lettuce and hydroponic growth using sawdust. However, there was no significance difference observed for Number of Leaves per Plant (NLP). Further evaluation of fertilizer should have to be done by conducting field experiments for various crop plants.

Read more about this article: https://lupinepublishers.com/biotechnology-microbiology/fulltext/hydroponic-growing-of-lettuce-(lactuca-sativa-l)-using-bioorganic-liquid-fertilizer.ID.000128.php

Abstract

Background: It is well recognized by now that human micro biome has far reaching influences on our healthy and diseases. One venue to investigate the influences can be through the study of the mechanisms of microbial community assembly and diversity maintenance. In this article, we apply a hybrid model of neutral-niche dynamics by Ofiteru et al. to reanalyze the dataset from David et al.’s study on the effects of life style to the micro biome of two individuals, aiming to explore the shift of the neutral-niche dynamics in the human micro biota.

Results: We obtained two major findings. First, in gut, Faecali bacterium prausnitzii, an anti-inflammatory bacterium, exhibited high neutral dynamics, and few other species showed similar level of neutral dynamics. In contrast, in the oral micro biome, more species demonstrated high neutral dynamics. Second, we detected some bacterial species whose neutral-niche dynamics are strongly associated with the occurrences of disturbances such as change of diets and infection.

Conclusions: We postulate that the difference between gut and oral micro biota could be due to the open gateway nature of oral habitat, which makes it difficult for niche-selected species to maintain. The balance shift in the neutral-niche dynamics may play an important role in dysbiosis and possess broad health implication.

Read more about this article: https://lupinepublishers.com/biotechnology-microbiology/fulltext/shift-of-the-neutral-niche-dynamics-in-the-human-microbiome-under-disturbances-associated.ID.000125.php

Introduction

In recent years the, Foundation Zoological Park of São Paulo (FZPSP) implemented and put into operation the Organic Composting Production Unit (OCPU). The main goal of this action was to give a new destination to the organic waste collected daily in the park since before that sustainable attitude, this waste had the same fate as the usual household waste: landfills. Currently, the composting produced in OCPU serves as fertilizer for the park gardens and food cultivation in the Rural Production Unit (UPR), where much of the food served to the animals in the Zoo (ZOO) and Zoo Safari comes from Bernal et al [1]. Leachate is a liquid residue of high organic contents and strong color produced during the percolation of water through the composted organic waste. During the passage of this water, various chemical, physico- chemical and fermentation processes occur concurrently and, for this reason, various organic and inorganic compounds, besides that microorganism and its metabolites can be transferred to the leachate. Thus, leachate from different sources can be considered as a distinct matrix with specific characteristics. Currently, what is known of leachate are those generated in landfills that have a high toxic potential. But it can be considered that the one produced during the composting in FZPSP is different, due to the nature of the organic material and also the water used to cool the composters, which runs several times by the composting systems. Therefore, because there is very few information on leachates from different sources other than municipal landfills, by the differentiated characteristics of the process and also of the materials used during composting at OCPU there was interest in studying this particular leachate, the potential of this matrix in bringing nutritional and proteomic information.

Read more about this article: https://lupinepublishers.com/biotechnology-microbiology/fulltext/nutritional-and-protein-characterization-of-the-leachate-produced-in-the-sao-paulo-zoo-composting-unit.ID.000124.php