What is Share Buyback in Technical Term?
What Is a Share Buyback?
A share buyback (or share repurchase) is when a company buys back its own shares from existing shareholders โ usually through the open market or a tender offer.
After the buyback, those shares are either:
Cancelled (reducing total shares outstanding), or
Held as treasury stock (for future use in ESOPs, mergers, etc.)
Why Companies Do Share Buybacks?
Companies repurchase shares for strategic and financial reasons โ mainly to enhance shareholder value, optimize capital, or signal confidence.
Here are the major reasons ๐
1. Boost Earnings Per Share (EPS)
When a company buys back its shares, the number of shares outstanding decreases. Even if total profit remains the same, EPS = Net Profit รท Shares Outstanding increases.
Result: Higher EPS often improves market valuation and investor perception.
2. Signal Confidence in Future Growth
A buyback often signals that management believes the stock is undervalued and has strong future prospects.
Result: Investors see this as a positive signal, boosting market trust.
3. Optimize Capital Structure
Companies use buybacks to adjust their debt-to-equity ratio (D/E) โ especially when:
They have excess cash, or
Equity portion is too high compared to debt.
By reducing equity, the company can improve return on equity (ROE) and leverage efficiency.
4. Return Surplus Cash to Shareholders
Instead of paying dividends, companies sometimes use buybacks to return cash to investors in a more tax-efficient way.
Result: Flexible alternative to dividends โ no long-term obligation to repeat payouts.
5. Defend Against Hostile Takeovers
By reducing the number of available shares in the market, the company makes it harder for outsiders to acquire controlling interest.
Result: Protects ownership and management control.
6. Support Stock Price During Volatility
In times of falling share prices, a buyback creates artificial demand for the stock, helping stabilize the price.
Result: Improves investor sentiment and market stability.
