#canyondechelly

Canyon de Chelly

Canyon de Chelly or Canyon de Chelly National Monument is a protected site that contains the remains of 5,000 years of Native American inhabitation. Canyon de Chelly is located in the northeastern portion of the US state of Arizona within the Navajo Nation and not too far from the border with neighboring New Mexico. It is located 472 km (293 miles) northwest of Phoenix, Arizona. Canyon de Chelly is unique in the United States as it preserves the ruins and rock art of indigenous peoples that lived in the region for centuries - the Ancestral Puebloans and the Navajo. Canyon de Chelly has been recognized as a US National Monument since 1931 CE, and it is one of the most visited National Monuments in the United States today.

Geography & Prehistory

The etymology of Canyon de Chelly's name is unusual in the U.S. Southwest as it initially appears to resemble French rather than the more ubiquitous Spanish. "Chelly" is actually derived from the Navajo word tseg, which means "rock canyon" or "in a canyon." Spanish explorers and government officials began to utilize a "Chelly,” “Chegui,” and even "Chelle" in order to try to replicate the Navajo word in the early 1800s CE, which eventually was standardized to “de Chelly” by the middle of the 19th century CE.

Canyon de Chelly lies very close to Chinle, Arizona, and it is located between the Ancestral Puebloan ruins of Betakin and Kiet Siel in the west and the grand structures of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the east. Canyon de Chelly, as a National Monument, covers 83,840 acres (339.3 km2; 131.0 sq miles) of land that is currently owned by the Navajo tribe. Spectacularly situated on the Colorado Plateau near the Four Corner's Region, Canyon de Chelly sits at an elevation of over 1829 m (6,000 ft) and bisects the Defiance Plateau in eastern Arizona. The tributaries of the Chinle Creek, which runs through Canyon de Chelly and originates in the Chuska Mountains, have carved the rock and landscape for thousands of years, creating red cliffs that rise up an additional 305 m (1000 ft). The National Monument extends into the canyons of de Chelly, del Muerto, and Monument.

Canyon de Chelly is one of the longest continuously inhabited places anywhere in North America, and archaeologists believe that human settlement in the canyon dates back some 5,000 years. Ancient prehistoric tribes and peoples utilized the canyon while hunting and migrating seasonally, but they did not construct permanent settlements within the canyon. Nonetheless, these prehistoric peoples did leave etchings on stones and on canyon walls throughout what is now Canyon de Chelly. Around c. 200-100 BCE, peoples following a semi-agricultural and sedentary way of life began to inhabit the canyon. (Archaeologists refer to these peoples as "Basketmakers." They are considered the ancestors to the Ancestral Puebloan Peoples.) While they still hunted and gathered like their prehistoric forebears, they also farmed the land where fertile, growing corn, beans, squash, and other small crops. It is also known that they grew cotton for textile production. Yucca and grama grass have grown in the canyon for several millennia, and indigenous people utilized these plants when making baskets, sandals, and various types of mats. Prickly pear cactus (Opuntia cactaceae) and pinyon are also found throughout Canyon de Chelly, the latter of which provided an important source of food for indigenous peoples in autumn and winter. Fish are found in Canyon de Chelly's tributaries, and large and small game frequent the canyon.

Canyon de Chelly

Canyon de Chelly or Canyon de Chelly National Monument is a protected site that contains the remains of 5,000 years of Native American inhabitation. Canyon de Chelly is located in the northeastern portion of the US state of Arizona within the Navajo Nation and not too far from the border with neighboring New Mexico. It is located 472 km (293 miles) northwest of Phoenix, Arizona. Canyon de Chelly is unique in the United States as it preserves the ruins and rock art of indigenous peoples that lived in the region for centuries - the Ancestral Puebloans and the Navajo. Canyon de Chelly has been recognized as a US National Monument since 1931 CE, and it is one of the most visited National Monuments in the United States today.

Homolovi

Homolovi or Homolovi State Park (formerly: Homolovi Ruins State Park) is a cluster of archaeological sites that contains the ruins of eight pre-Columbian Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) and Hopi pueblos in addition to some 300 other remains and petroglyphs. Homolovi lies within sight of the Little Colorado River in a floodplain, 2 km (4 miles) northeast of Winslow, Arizona in the United States. Archaeologists believe that Ancestral Puebloan peoples and the ancestors of the Hopi tribe once occupied these settlements, which spread out along a 32 km (19 miles) corridor on the Little Colorado River, at different intervals of time from c. 1250-1425 CE. Two pueblos - Homolovi I and Homolovi II - each contained more than 1,000 rooms in ancient times, and 40 ceremonial kivas are scattered throughout the park. The Homolovi ruins are unique in the ancient Southwest as they have helped archaeologists better understand the cultural transitions and social changes that occurred in the region during the 13th through 14th centuries CE. Four of the sites at Homolovi are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places, and the park is currently managed by the Arizona State Park system.

Homolovi

Homolovi, ou Homolovi State Park (anciennement: Homolovi Ruins State Park), est un ensemble de sites archéologiques qui comprend les ruines de huit pueblos précolombiens des Pueblo ancestraux (Anasazi) et des Hopis, ainsi qu'environ 300 autres vestiges et pétroglyphes. Homolovi se trouve à proximité de la rivière Little Colorado, dans une plaine inondable, à 2 km au nord-est de Winslow, en Arizona, aux États-Unis. Les archéologues pensent que les peuples des Pueblo ancestraux et les ancêtres de la tribu Hopi auraient autrefois occupé ces établissements, qui s'étendaient le long d'un corridor de 32 km (19 miles) sur la rivière Little Colorado, à différentes périodes comprises entre environ 1250 et 1425 de notre ère. Deux sites – Homolovi I et Homolovi II – comptaient chacun plus de 1 000 pièces dans l'Antiquité, et 40 kivas cérémonielles sont disséminées dans tout le parc. Les ruines d'Homolovi sont uniques dans l'ancien Sud-Ouest, car elles ont aidé les archéologues à mieux comprendre les transitions culturelles et les changements sociaux qui se produisirent dans la région au cours des XIIIe et XIVe siècles. Quatre des sites d'Homolovi sont inscrits au Registre national des lieux historiques des États-Unis, et le parc est actuellement géré par le réseau des parcs d'État de l'Arizona.

Canyon de Chelly

Le Canyon de Chelly ou Canyon de Chelly National Monument est un site protégé qui contient les vestiges de 5 000 ans d'occupation amérindienne. Le Canyon de Chelly est situé dans la partie nord-est de l'État américain de l'Arizona, au sein de la nation Navajo et non loin de la frontière avec le Nouveau-Mexique voisin. Il se trouve à 472 km (293 miles) au nord-ouest de Phoenix, en Arizona. Le Canyon de Chelly est unique aux États-Unis car il conserve les ruines et l'art rupestre des peuples autochtones qui vécurent dans la région pendant des siècles - les Pueblos (Anasazi) et les Navajos. Le Canyon de Chelly est reconnu comme monument national américain depuis 1931, et c'est aujourd'hui l'un des monuments nationaux les plus visités des États-Unis.