#bubble rising

Today we have computers that can simulate air bubbles rising in water. But 500 years ago, Leonardo da Vinci studied motion of air bubbles in water and found that: “The air that submerged itself with the water… returns to the air, penetrating the water in sinuous movement, changing its substance into a great number of forms… it never spreads itself out from its path except to the extent to which it avoids the water which covers it”

Bubble simulation source: https://fetchcfd.com/view-project/237