#ablative case

ablative case:

1SG.ABL: /kidʒ/ κιδζ

2SG.ABL: /sudʒ/ συδζ

3SGM.ABL: /mɔdʒ/ μωδζ

3SGF.ABL: /madʒ/ μαδζ

3SGGN.ABL: /midʒ/ μιδζ

3SGINAM.ABL: /mudʒ/ μυδζ

1PL.ABL: /nɔdʒ/ vωδζ

2PL.ABL: /tɛdʒ/ τηδζ

3PL.ABL: /ɾatʒ/ ραδζ

4P.ABL: /modʒ/ μoδζ

Latin’s ablative case is often called the “junk case” because it has so many uses, but its uses can be grouped into three main categories:

The ablative proper, expressing the relation from.

The instrumental ablative, expressing the relation with or by.

The locative ablative, expressing the relation in.

While there is some overlap and ambiguity (e.g. the ablative absolute, which can be instrumental or locative), you will be in a better position to deal with the ablative case once you start keeping these three categories in mind.

The ablative case is used to convey motion from a place. The suffix is -dan, following the rules of vowel and consonant harmony.

Mutfaktan - from the kitchen

Köyden - from the village

Independent Uses

Means

Independent Ablative, translated as "with ___," expressing agency through an object by which something is done.

Cause

Independent Ablative, translated as "because, because of"

Time When/Within Which

Independent Ablative, translated as "on, in." (Ex: In the summer, on the first day)

Respect

Independent Ablative, translated as "in respect to ___, in ___." (Ex: He was quick in respect to his mind.)

Description 

Independent Ablative, translated as "of." (Ex: He is a musician of great worth.) 

Price 

Independent Ablative translated as "for __," used to denote a price or sum of money. (Ex: he bought it for ten [insert currency of your choice].)

Comparison

Independent Ablative with a Comparative, translated as "than ___." 

Degree of Difference

Independent Ablative, often with Comparatives, denoting the degree by which the comparative is more or less ___. Translated as "by." (Ex: she was stronger by much.) 

Dependent Uses (with cum)

Accompaniment

cum + Ablative, translated as "with," denoting with whom one is accompanied.

Manner

cum + Ablative, translated as "with __, or ___ly." (Ex: She ate quickly/with speed.)

  Dependent Uses (without cum)

Personal Agent

ab + Ablative, translated as "by," denoting the individual responsible for an action. (Ex: It was done by him.)

Place Where/In Which

in + Ablative, translated as "in, on, at"

Place from Which

ab/de/ex + Ablative, translated as "from, out of"

Origin

Similar to Place from Which, it takes ex/de + Ablative, and is translated as "from," often referring to one's parentage. 

Ablative Absolute

Participle in the Ablative Case + a noun or adjective in the Ablative case, translated as "with ___ ___ing" as an independent clause within a sentence, not tied to the rest of it grammatically.

English is so annoying

There’re really times I wish I could do my writing in Latin instead of English.

In Latin it’s so much easier to be clear who or what things refer to because there’re different sets of suffixes for accusative  and nominative, to say nothing of the existence of the genitive, ablative, dative …

Why does English have to lack that sort of clarity of grammar?  It makes writing any sentence where two…