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The following information is for FCC compliance of Class B devices: The equipment described in this manual generates 70-331 and may radiate radio-frequency energy. If it is not installed in accordance with NetScreen's installation instructions, it may cause interference with radio and television reception. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device in accordance with the specifications in part 15 of the FCC rules. These specifications are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation. However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures: · Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna. · Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver. · Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV technician for help. · Connect the equipment to an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected. Caution: Changes or modifications to this product could void the user's warranty and authority to operate this device.

FCC Statement The following information is for FCC compliance of Class A devices: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment. The equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio-frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference, in which case users will be required to correct the interference at their own expense.

Disclaimer THE SOFTWARE LICENSE AND LIMITED WARRANTY FOR THE ACCOMPANYING PRODUCT ARE SET FORTH IN THE INFORMATION PACKET THAT SHIPPED WITH THE PRODUCT AND ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY THIS REFERENCE. IF YOU ARE UNABLE TO LOCATE THE SOFTWARE LICENSE OR LIMITED WARRANTY, CONTACT YOUR NETSCREEN REPRESENTATIVE FOR A COPY.

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White Paper

RFC 2547bis: BGP/MPLS VPN Fundamentals

Chuck Semeria Marketing Engineer

Juniper Networks, Inc. 1194 North Mathilda Avenue 070-463 Sunnyvale, CA 94089 USA 408 745 2001 or 888 JUNIPER Part Number : 200012-001 03/01

Contents Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 BGP/MPLS VPN Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Network Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Customer Edge Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Provider Edge Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Provider Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Operational Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Sample Network Topology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Control Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Data Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Benefits of BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Challenges and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Overlapping Customer Address Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 VPN-IPv4 Address Family . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Multiprotocol BGP Extensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Constraining Network Connectivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Multiple Forwarding Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 BGP Extended Community Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Maintaining Updated VPN Routing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Conserving Backbone Bandwidth and PE Router Packet Processing Resources . . . . 19 Case Study: A Single Service Provider Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 Distribution of VPN Routing Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CE Router to Ingress PE Route Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 Ingress PE to Egress PE Route Distribution Across Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Egress PE Router to CE Route Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Forwarding Customer VPN Traffic Across the BGP/MPLS Backbone . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Source CE Router to Ingress PE Router Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Ingress PE Router Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 P Router Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 PE Router to Destination CE Router Forwarding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Example #1: Forwarding VPN Red Traffic from Site 1 to Site 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 Example #2: Forwarding VPN Red Traffic from Site 4 to Site 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Example #3: Forwarding VPN Green Traffic from Site 6 to Site 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 Accessing the Public Internet from a VPN Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Non-VRF Internet Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 VPN Hosts to Public Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Public Internet to VPN Hosts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Scalability of BGP/MPLS VPNs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Copyright © 2001, Juniper Networks, Inc.

Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Internet Drafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Requests for Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 Textbooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

Copyright © 2001, Juniper Networks, Inc.

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RFC 2547bis: BGP/MPLS VPN Fundamentals

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