#365black

The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing was an act of white supremacist terrorism which occurred at the African-American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, on Sunday, September 15, 1963. Four members of a local Ku Klux Klan chapter planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the steps located on the east side of the church. Four girls, Addie Mae Collins 14, Carol Denise McNair 11, Carole Robertson 14, and Cynthia Wesley were killed in the attack. The explosion was so intense that one of the girls' bodies was decapitated and so badly mutilated in the explosion that her body could be identified only through her clothing and a ring. Another victim was killed by a piece of mortar embedded in her skull. Described by Martin Luther King Jr. as "one of the most vicious and tragic crimes ever perpetrated against humanity" the explosion at the church killed four girls and injured 22 other persons. Although the FBI had concluded in 1965 that the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing had been committed by four known Ku Klux Klansmen and segregationists: Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr., Herman Frank Cash, Robert Edward Chambliss, and Bobby Frank Cherry, no prosecutions were conducted until 1977, when Robert Chambliss was tried and convicted of the first-degree murder of one of the victims, 11-year-old Carol Denise McNair. In a revival of effort by states and the federal government to prosecute cold cases from the civil rights era, the state conducted trials in the early 21st century of Thomas Edwin Blanton Jr. and Bobby Cherry, who were each convicted of four counts of murder and sentenced to life imprisonment in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Herman Cash had died in 1994 and was never charged with his alleged involvement in the bombing. The 16th Street Baptist Church bombing marked a turning point in the United States during the civil rights movement and contributed to support for passage by Congress of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. #365black #BlackExcellence (at Norfolk, Virginia) https://www.instagram.com/p/B2eeQmznhZwa3M8ai3OZOM4maocKIMs22koslU0/?igshid=8dqecu7bktdo

Barrington Antonio Irving, Jr., C.D. (born November 11, 1983) was the youngest person to pilot a plane around the world solo, a feat he accomplished in 2007. He is also the first black person and first Jamaican to accomplish this feat. As of 2007, he was an aerospace student at Broward College. His airplane, a Columbia 400 (Cessna Corvalis 400), is named the "Inspiration", and was manufactured and assembled by the Columbia Aircraft Mfg. Co. in 2005, classified as a standard aircraft in the utility category using over $300,000 in donated parts. * * * * #blackhistorymonth #365black #blackexcellence #urbanexcursionweekend #urbaneventsglobal (at Miami, Florida) https://www.instagram.com/urbanexcursionweekend/p/BtwnCozBMht/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=rmdhsvmaeemf

Ericka Huggins, activist and founder of the Black Panther Party in New Haven, Connecticut at the time of The New Haven Black Panther trials in 1970. At age 18, she became a leader in the Los Angeles chapter of the Black Panther Party with her husband John Huggins. Three weeks after the birth of their daughter, John Huggins was killed and Huggins was widowed. After returning her husband’s body to New Haven, Connecticut, Ericka opened a Panther chapter there. #theslaymagazine #sheslays #slayed #blackhistorymonth #blackhistory #history #africanamerican #melanin #african #black #brown #365black #women #blackpantherparty @charlynichole (via @blackhistory)

my grandparents and great grandparents lived in a different time and were forced to conform/be submissive to bs for survival. Well this ain't then and I ain't them neither am I raising my children to live in fear or to be ok with wrongs. is it February again? #rwyoga #365black #myhistorydeservemorethanfebruary

Fannie Lou Hamer Townsend; October 6, 1917 – March 14, 1977) was an American voting and women's rights activist, community organizer, and a leader in the civil rights movement. She was the co-founder and vice-chair of the Freedom Democratic Party, which she represented at the 1964 DNC. Hamer also organized Mississippi's Freedom Summer along with the SNCC. She was also a co-founder of the National Women's Political Caucus, an organization created to recruit, train, and support women of all races who wish to seek election to government office. Hamer began civil rights activism in 1962, continuing until her health declined nine years later. She was known for her use of spiritual hymnals and quotes and her resilience in leading the civil rights movement for black women in MS. She was extorted, threatened, harassed, shot at, and assaulted by white supremacists and police while trying to register for and exercise her right to vote. She later helped and encouraged thousands of African-Americans in MS to become registered voters, and helped hundreds of disenfranchised people in her area through her work in programs like the Freedom Farm Cooperative. She unsuccessfully ran for the U.S. Senate in 1964 and the Mississippi State Senate in 1971. In 1970 she led legal action against the government of Sunflower County, MS, for continued illegal segregation. Hamer died on March 14, 1977, aged 59, in Mound Bayou, MS. Her memorial service was widely attended and her eulogy was delivered by U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Andrew Young. She was posthumously inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 1993. #365black #BlackExcellence #deltasigmatheta (at Western Branch North, Chesapeake, Virginia) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3RyfJIHEFcW2pU-LD8jkd7dEbYJouMpGLQPp80/?igshid=hg9p5k47fzp1

The New Orleans Tribune is a newspaper serving the African-American community of New Orleans, Louisiana, as well as the name of a bilingual publication that served the area in the 1860s. The current publication was founded in 1985. The Tribune is published by McKenna Publishing Co., which also publishes The Blackbook, a community directory of African-American businesses, and Welcome, a guide for Black tourists to New Orleans. The original and only other version of The New Orleans Tribune became America’s first Black daily newspaper. That enterprise was founded on October 4, 1864, by physician and publisher Dr. Louis Charles Roudanez; it was created after the demise of his former paper L'Union. Francophone astronomer, author, and abolitionist from Europe Jean-Charles Houzeau worked with Roudanez at L'Union and then The New Orleans Tribune. He wrote an account of his experiences at the paper along with the volcanic politics of the day. After intraparty feuding over political candidates for the 1868 gubernatorial election, including disputes between local "mulattoes" such as Roudanez against "carpetbaggers" and freedmen within the Republican Party, the paper lost outside support and closed in 1870. #365black #BlackExcellence (at Western Branch North, Chesapeake, Virginia) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3PLIiLnhwI9hLZCbYL5yjdjvx6zzlidChtFhs0/?igshid=rfhuiipt1gwr

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American lawyer, serving as Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. Prior to his judicial service, he successfully argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including Brown v. Board of Education. Born in Baltimore, Maryland, Marshall graduated from the Howard University School of Law in 1933. He established a private legal practice in Baltimore before founding the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, where he served as executive director. In that position, he argued several cases before the Supreme Court, including Smith v. Allwright, Shelley v. Kraemer, and Brown v. Board of Education, which held that racial segregation in public education is a violation of the Equal Protection Clause. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit. Four years later, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed Marshall as the United States Solicitor General. In 1967, Johnson successfully nominated Marshall to succeed retiring Associate Justice Tom C. Clark. Marshall retired during the administration of President George H. W. Bush, and was succeeded by Clarence Thomas. On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated Marshall to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark, saying that this was "the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place." Marshall was confirmed as an Associate Justice by a Senate vote of 69–11 on August 30, 1967. He was the 96th person to hold the position, and the first African American. #365black #blackexcellence #alphaphialpha (at Blocker Norfolk Family YMCA) https://www.instagram.com/p/Byq2KfMn24nqDpZLyIkfZxctCRgwcU-VJ5ZjiE0/?igshid=1xvs3h8tcq1rp