#25p

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A majority of the public have thrown their weight behind plans for a 25p charge levied on all drinks sold in disposable cups, a new poll has shown.

The exclusive survey for The Independent reveals 54 per cent of people support the latte levy, which aims to reduce the worsening environmental impact of the mountain of disposable cups thrown away in the UK every year.

The poll by BMG Research also…

Why would we shoot at 24, 25 or 30 frames per second? 24 frames is an evolved standard. It goes right back to when film was born and very low frame rates were pervasive. 24 frames evolved as a standard because it’s the slowest frame rate at which the human eye no longer discerns the jerkiness of slower frame rates. Driven by the limitations of the time, a best bang for buck was chosen to represent moving pictures. 24 frames was the solution to a problem.

Enter TV and tv standards. TV is electrical and dependent on the frequency of the electricity signal to render its pictures without interference. Electrical frequency 60 Hz (USA, Japan) did not display 24 frames very well, hence 30 frames. The same in Europe for 50 Hz, hence 25 frames.

Human conditioning. 1. Back in the days of Johan Sebastian (Bach) the ears of the public were not used to dissonance as much as we are today. When Bach composed for the “well tempered” tuning there was a lot of criticism that went back to how it felt on the ears. 2. When Digital audio came around the same thing happened. Over the years the public's ears had grown used to listening to vinyl, first on 78's then on 33 rpm. The perception of audio from those media emphasised certain characteristics of sound and ingrained them. When our senses perceive sound our brains complement, this leads to expectations and we call it conditioning. 3. Over time we have become accustomed to viewing video and film at 24 frames per second. Anything that is viewed at a considerably different frame rate than 24, causes our brains to balk for a moment, it needs to reassess. What we see does not comply with what we expect. Conditioning has everything to do with the phenomena as they are before we perceived them and how we experience them after our brains have processed them.

Consuming media causes emotions. Emotions are closely linked to the very details of our perceptions.

A sense of perception: Fantasy and reality In many ways viewing a movie can be seen as a means of escape from reality. The question here is: does escape from reality mean that what we view must seem different from reality. In many games, films, images and soundscapes we try to achieve an as close as possible likeness to reality. Does that mean that our feeling of escape is less? In other words, if the level of reality approaches 100%, does that mean that our ability to escape has decreased? Or in other words … is our feeling of escape from reality dependent on how illusory the video game is. Or in other words … Can we say that the more Virtual reality resembles reality the less we like it?

My answer to the above is a definite No! The more we can emulate reality, the greater the escape. It’s the knowledge that we are emulating, a meta layer of knowing, that makes what we are experiencing, an escape. This is not to say that something abstract can’t evoke feeling. It can! And what if, during our experience, we cross over from VR to R? In other words at some point during the experience, we forget that we are in an emulation of reality…? Then so much the better, the greater the escape. The more we are “born again” when we come out of it.