#1938

Danielle Darrieux

While Nazis were murdering the mentally ill as “life unworthy of life,” one Jewish psychiatrist who treated the most severe cases of schizophrenia fled to America and revolutionized how we care for the mentally ill.

On this day in 1938, German-Jewish psychoanalyst Frieda Fromm-Reichmann arrived in the United States, escaping the Nazis.

In Germany, she had already earned a reputation for compassionately treating some of the most severe forms of mental illness, especially schizophrenia, at a time when many doctors viewed patients as hopeless. She rejected cold, distant methods and instead built deep human connections based on trust and understanding the patient’s inner world.

When the Nazis rose to power, she was forced to flee. Like so many Jewish intellectuals, she brought far more than survival with her.

In America, Fromm-Reichmann became a pioneer at Chestnut Lodge in Maryland. Her innovative, humane approach to schizophrenia influenced generations of therapists and helped shift the field toward more relational and empathetic care.

Meanwhile, back in the Reich, the Nazis were systematically murdering tens of thousands of mentally ill patients in the T4 euthanasia program — the first mass gassing experiments that later served as a model for the Holocaust.

Frieda Fromm-Reichmann turned the horror she escaped into healing.

Some fled with nothing but their minds and their courage. She used both to help heal others.

It's Barbara Stanwyck's birthday today! - she was born July 16, 1907 in New York City as Ruby Catherine Stevens. She was orphaned at the age of four, raised in foster homes, and made her debut on stage in the chorus as a Ziegfeld girl in 1923 at age 16. She was 31 years old when this lovely photo was taken by Ernest Bachrach for RKO Pictures in 1938.

BARBARA STANWYCK as Melsa Manton

Bringing Up Baby

Laurie Lane

In A Promotional Glamour Poortrait For