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Arnor’s successor kingdoms: Arthedain, Cardolan and Rhudaur

After the tenth king of Arnor died, his sons divided Arnor into three kingdoms: 

Arthedain, the kingdom of the Dúnedain. Largest and longest lasting of the successor kingdoms, the line of Isildur survived only in Arthedain. After it fell, the kings of Arthedain became the Chieftains of the Rangers. 

Cardolan, the hill kingdom. Troubled by orcs and invaded by Angmar, a remnant of the Dúnedain of Cardolan retreated to the Barrow-downs, but finally died out in the Great Plague. 

Rhudaur, the kingdom of the Hill-men. The Dúnedain of Rhudaur were few and the line soon ended. Under the rule of the Hill-men, the land became a vassal of Angmar, until it was annexed and ceased to exist.