“The Nature of Biomimicry
The biomimicry movement emerged around Benyus’s (1997) publica- tion of Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature. Although Benyus did not invent the term biomimicry, her book popularized it while articulating the initial principles of a biomimicry method”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry To paraphrase Benyus, if we look at the way living organisms exist, we find that nature has been building, processing cellulose, optimizing packing space, waterproofing, heating, and cooling structures. But unlike us nature has been doing these things with great elegance, minimum energy use, and without fouling the environment. One of the most often cited examples of biomimicry is the emulation of the kingfisher bird’s beak on the front of high-speed trains in Japan as a way of eliminating the buildup of atmo- spheric pressure as the train passes through tunnels”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry But biomimicry is not just about optimizing technological design. It presents itself as a social movement in every sense of the word. It insists that we become “nature’s apprentice,” with the emphasis not only on nature as a source of genuine knowledge of craft but, more importantly, as an ethical system. Biomimicry thus aspires to be not just a technique but also a new science of nature that will inform a novel and ethical political, economic, and social order.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry At the same time, biomimicry distills the central theme of sustainability, which is that there is a “nature” out there that we can learn from, whose so-called intelligent design holds the secrets to the survival and future well-being of the human race.”
“The Nature of Biomimicry Biomimicry is thus not antiscience. Rather, it is against a Science (with a capital S) that Benyus perceives as an expression of Enlightenment thinking in which nature is treated as a field of competition and dominance.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry Biomimicry distinguishes itself from these forms of political ecology in its attempt to develop a conceptual methodology and technological apparatus for discovering and mimicking organic design. Design, in this regard, is understood to encompass three Fisch 801 interrelated dimensions: the functionality of an organism’s morphology, its constitutive processes, and its mode of entanglement with its milieu.”
“The Nature of Biomimicry Benyus describes biomimicry’s object as mimicking an organism’s blueprints, its chemical recipes, and its ecosystem strategies”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry mimicking organic forms and processes does not necessarily guarantee an ethical outcome. Or, as Benyus puts it, one might use the taxonomy to derive an entirely biomimetic solution for producing a new kind of fabric and yet still have “missed the point” by exploiting sweat- shop labor to weave it and then “[load] it onto pollution-spewing trucks and [ship] it long distances.”
“The Nature of Biomimicry While it is hard to find fault with biomimicry’s underlying intentions, its lack of critical reflection on its method and categories make it complicit on many levels with the very structures of dominance (social and natural) that it claims to overcome.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry hile biomimicry reproduces the Cartesian dualisms that it claims to overcome, it conceals this in order to maintain (n)ature as an ontologically distinct and pristine domain divorced from human society— which it can then look to as an alternative source for (intuitive) design concepts and principles.6 Its assertion, in this regard, is that access to this domain must be unmediated by human reason and its corollary constructs of power and knowledge.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry . While building on traditional materialism, the “neo” of neomaterialism denotes a postvitalist proposition whereby what animates matter is explained through theoretical physics rather than attributed to a spirit or essence.8 At the same time, neomaterialism wants to move beyond the social constructivist under- standing of matter offered by Marx as well as think in nondialectics terms that, in opposition to conventional historical materialism, allow for an emergence without the presupposition of a negative force. But at its core, neomaterialism is an ethical project that develops an alternative conceptual premise to civil liberal society that is founded on the valorization of reason and the agency of the autonomous rational subject who organizes nature into civilization”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry After Benyus, Oxman was the second most anticipated speaker at the Bio- mimicry Summit. Combining fashion design with academic sophistication and flair, Oxman embodies her work.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry Oxman described material ecology as an emerging field that treats mate- rials as living organisms. The focus of the field, as she told it, is to under- stand “the relationship between different materials, between matter and the environment, and between objects and other objects.”
“ The Nature of Biomimicry We have the architects or the designers that are forming the form and we have engineers that are doing simulations or analysis, whether structural or environmental, and we have the fabricators or construction workers who are fabricating the actual piece, whether a 3-D printer, laser printer or what not. So the whole process takes place after form has been preconceived and after the engineer has done the calculations.”
Thinking Ethics with the Silkworm
“Oxman began her silk pavilion project with mimicry. The idea, as Oxman relayed it to the Biomimicry Summit audience, was to extract the silkworm cocoon design and reproduce it for a human scale as a concept architecture piece using a 3-D printer. Oxman and her team went about this by gluing a tiny magnet to the head of a silkworm in order to map digitally the pattern of its cocoon spinning process. Once mapped, the pattern was to be translated to the 3-D printer, which would then produce the cocoon for a larger human scale of habitation.”
“The Nature of Biomimicry What this [Oxman’s work] shows is that we are in process of learning from other fabricators and we have other fabricators making things for us. If you are wearing cotton, a plant made it for you. If you had honey in your tea, a bee made it for you. That’s bio assisted technology. If you go out and you harvest wild honey or you harvest wild silk that’s bioutilization. You are using something that something else made for you. The next step is for us in biomimicy is for us to learn to do it ourselves … . I think what you saw there in the silk pavilion is us learning from those organisms how to do that. There has to be a time when we make our own materials. And we learn their patterns, we learn their process. There’s got to be a day when we make those silk pavillions ourselves. But right now we have to be grateful to other organisms. The other thing is that we want to use their genes, in order to make stuff. I think we have to get away from that as well.”
“The Nature of Biomimicry Where mimicry invokes imita- tion, inspiration bespeaks the process of being drawn into a dynamic dialogue. Original, reproduction, authentic, and imitation are terms that have no specific meaning in relation to inspiration. Nature is treated not as an authoritative diagram of relations that one must follow but rather as an ecology of material iterations with which to think”