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The campaign hat (called ‘campaign cover’ in the US Marine Corps) originated in the mid-19th century US military as a practical broad-brimmed felt hat for protection against sun and rain during extended field operations ("campaigns") in the American West.

The style evolved from civilian styles like John B. Stetson's "Boss of the Plains" (1860s) and earlier slouch hats worn during the Mexican-American War and Civil War.

Early versions appeared in the 1870s–1880s with cavalry and troops during the Indian Wars.

A fore-and-aft creased version was used in the Spanish-American War (1898).

The iconic four-dented "Montana peak" crease was officially adopted by the U.S. Army in 1911 as the M1911 service hat.

It saw widespread use in World War I but was phased out for general field service after WWII.

The campaign hat is no longer standard field headgear but remains a symbolic item primarily for drill instructors and training roles across most branches (except the Navy). It represents authority and tradition.

U.S. Marine Corps: Called the "campaign cover," introduced for drill instructors in 1956 (following the Ribbon Creek incident to standardize and professionalize training). Both male and female DIs wear it with a black Eagle, Globe, and Anchor insignia.

U.S. Army: Reintroduced in 1964 for drill sergeants (male version). As of late 2025, female drill sergeants are transitioning to the same flat-brimmed campaign hat starting January 2026 for uniformity.

U.S. Air Force and Space Force: Male military training instructors (MTIs) wear a blue version; females wear a slouch hat variant.

U.S. Coast Guard: Company commanders wear a navy blue version.

U.S. Navy: Recruit division commanders wear standard covers.