λ
μκ΅μ‘μ - reading education
μ§μνλ€ - to support
κ°ννλ€ - to strengthen
μ μ±
μ λ§λ ¨νλ€ - to devise a policy
첫걸μμ λΌλ€ - to take the first step
λ§λΏμμλ€ - to be connected/to be linked to
μ
체μ μΌλ‘ μ΄ν΄νλ€ - to understand from multiple angles/comprehensively
1. -λλ‘ (so that/in order to/to the extent that)
Meaning: This connects two clauses to indicate purpose, result, or the extent of an action. It means "so that (something happens)" or "to the point where." When used with verbs like λλ€ (help) or νλ€ (make/let), it means "to make sure that."
Example from the article: μ±
μ½λ κΈ°μ¨μ΄ μΌμμ΄ λλλ‘ νκ΅ μμ
μ μ€μ¬μΌλ‘... (...so that the joy of reading becomes a daily part of life...)
μμ΄κ° νΌμ μ λ¨Ήλλ‘ λμμ£ΌμΈμ. (Please help the child so that he/she can eat well by himself/herself.)
μΌμ° μΌμ΄λλλ‘ μλμ λ§μ·μ΄μ. (I set the alarm so that I would wake up early.)
λͺ¨λκ° λ€μ μ μλλ‘ ν¬κ² λ§ν΄ μ£ΌμΈμ. (Please speak loudly so that everyone can hear.)
2. -(μΌ)γ΄μ§ / -(μΌ)γΉμ§ (whether/how long it has been since...)
Meaning: This is used in embedded questions (indirect questions). It means "whether/if" or "how long it has been since." When used with time expressions, it means "it has been [time] since [action]." When used alone, it expresses uncertainty about whether something happens.
Example from the article: λ
μμ ν₯λ―Έ μλ μλ
κ° μ΄λ»κ² μ±
μ μ½μμ§μ λν λ΅μ μ°Ύμ κ²½μ°λ λ§μ§ μμ§μ. (There aren't many cases where they've found an answer to how their child will read. β Here μμ§ creates an indirect question.)
κ·Έκ° μ¬μ§ μ μ¬μ§ λͺ¨λ₯΄κ² μ΄μ. (I don't know whether he will come or not.)
μ΄κ±° μ΄λ»κ² μ°λμ§ κ°λ₯΄μ³ μ£ΌμΈμ. (Please teach me how to use this.)
λ²μ¨ 3λ
μ΄ μ§λμ§ λͺ°λμ΄μ. (I didn't know it had already been 3 years.)
3. -λ€λ©΄μ(μ) / -λΌλ©΄μ(μ) (I heard that.../You said that... - seeking confirmation)
Meaning: This is a colloquial ending used to quote something you heard or were told, while simultaneously seeking confirmation or expressing surprise. It's like saying "I heard that... right?" or "You said that..., didn't you?" In the article, it's used to quote the mother's statement.
Example from the article: "μ΄κ² λ§λ μΆλ€"λΌλ©΄μ (saying, "I wonder if this is right" β Here λΌλ©΄μ quotes the mother's direct speech and connects it to the next action.)
κ·Έ μνκ° μ¬λ―Έμλ€λ©΄μμ? (I heard that movie is boring, right?)
λ΄μΌ μνμ΄ μλ€λ©΄μ? (I heard you have a test tomorrow, don't you?)
μΉκ΅¬κ° μ΄ μλΉμ΄ μ λͺ
νλ€λ©΄μ μμ΄μ. (I came because my friend said this restaurant is famous.)
4. -κ±°λ μ (because/you see/I tell you - giving a reason or background)
Meaning: This is a conversational ending used to provide background information, a reason, or new information that the listener may not know. It often implies "you see..." or "because..." and is very common in spoken Korean. In the article, it's used to explain a situation.
Example from the article: λ€λ₯Έ λ
μλ‘ μ΄μ΄μ§λλ‘ νκ±°λ μ. (...because it leads to other reading. β Here κ±°λ μ gives the reason why comparing books is good.)
μ€λμ μ’ νΌκ³€ν΄μ. μ΄μ λ¦κ² μ€κ±°λ μ. (I'm a bit tired today. I went to bed late, you see.)
μ΄ κ°λ°©μ μμ΄μ. λμμΈμ΄ λ§μμ λ€μκ±°λ μ. (I bought this bag. I liked the design, you see.)
λ¨Όμ κ°κ²μ. μ½μμ΄ μκ±°λ μ. (I'll go first. I have an appointment, you see.)