FIGURE. Box plots with quartiles (upper values75%,median50%, and lower values 25%) for the attach slope and spectral centroid in each stimulus category. Outliers and extreme values are excluded. Â
Happy music with lyrics had significantly faster attack slopes than sad music with and without lyrics(T >3, p <0.002). However, happy or sad music with lyrics did not differ in attack slopes from happy or sad music without lyrics (p >0.07), and happy music without lyrics did not differentiate in the attacks lopes from sad music with or without lyrics (p >0.1).Â
Brattico, E., Alluri, V., Bogert, B., Jacobsen, T., Vartiainen, N., Nieminen, S., & Tervaniemi, M. 2011. A Functional MRI Study of Happy and Sad Emotions in Music with and without Lyrics. Frontiers in Psychology, 2: 308.Â