Kerrmit the Blog

5 (c)

Question:

What is meant by gene doping? Critically evaluate the use of gene doping as an ergogenic aid (6)

Answer:

Gene doping involves altering a person’s DNA. All performers can benefit from gene doping as it can increase both aerobic and anaerobic power of athletes. 

Gene doping can increase aerobic performance by increasing the number of mitochondria and red blood cells of the athlete.

Gene doping can increase anaerobic performance by increasing the amino acids which will increase the muscle growth, giving the athlete more power.

Gene doping could have a potential negative effect on the health of the athlete due to the lack of control in the gene doping process.

5 (b)

Question: Explain the principle of a coupled reaction using the ATP/PC energy system as your example (4)

Answer:

5(a)

Question:

There are several methods of evaluating aerobic capacity such as the muti-stage fitness test and the PWC170 test. Describe one method of measuring aerobic capacity. Outline one advantage and one disadvantage of this method (5)

Answer:

The Multi stage fitness test is a test which takes to participant to exhaustion and consist of the participant running shuttle between a 20m distance to timed bleeps. The time between the bleeps reduces, thus increasing the speed at which the participant must run. The participant carries on running until they cannot keep up with the bleep. The level and shuttle number predicts a VO2 max value for the participant.

The advantages of the multi stage fitness test are that it is very easy to set up and large numbers of participants can be tested. It also has good levels of validity and reliability

People who have a poor diet and are inactive are at risk of developing coronary heart disease.

Describe the characteristics of coronary heart disease.

Explain how an active healthy lifestyle can help prevent coronary heart disease

The characteristics of coronary heart disease include the blood vessel diseases, arteriosclerosis and arteriosclerosis and the heart related diseases such as angina and heart attack.

The two blood vessel diseases can lead to the two heart related diseases. CHD is the deposit of fatty materials in the coronary arteries of the heart. 

Angina is a chest pain caused by the partial blockage of the coronary artery. A heart attack is a sudden and severe restriction or blockage of oxygen supply to the heart.

Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis that involves changes in the lining of the artery. This leads to the narrowing or blocking of the lumen or blood vessels.

The risk factors of CHD include a sedentary or inactive lifestyle, smoking and being obese. Having high levels of cholesterol and having high levels of stress will also increase the chances of developing CHD.

An active and healthy lifestyle can help prevent CHD by ensuring adults are physically active for at least 30 minutes, 3-5 days a week and that children are active for 60 minutes everyday. This activity should raise the heart rate and leave the individual out of breath.

There is less risk of arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis because physical activity increases the ability to regulate blood pressure and decrease the chances of hypertension. There is also less chance of becoming obese as more calories are burned during exercise.