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High throughput siRNA screens are a powerful approach to study structural and functional relationships of genes and to identify novels parts of signaling pathways. This technology enables researchers to simultaneously screen thousands of loss-of-function genes and identify the association of genes with their corresponding biological phenotypes, such as, identifying novel proteins involved in disease pathways, defining the majority of proteins involved in specific repair pathways and identifying proteins that can be use for therapeutic targets.

There are many algorithms that predict the most effective siRNA and shRNA sequences, however experimental in vitro tests of such sequences usually demonstrate that less than 30% of the constructs tested provide a high level of gene silencing (over 80% target mRNA reduction). Thus, experimental evaluation of the activities of shRNA/siRNA still plays a key role in expanding its application in biomedical and gene therapy fields.

RNA Interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool used to effectively regulate gene expression and is critical in the drug discovery process. Knockdown of target genes with RNAi reagents can be used to facilitate the identification and validation of drug targets and to elucidate biochemical and cell signaling pathways. RNAi is a specific, potent, and highly successful approach for loss-of-function studies in virtually all eukaryotic organisms. RNAi also offers the promise of a new, faster, more cost-effective, and more versatile alternative to current transgenic mouse knockout technologies.

Recent researches reveal that circRNAs are evolutionarily conserved across plants, animals, and human beings, and have important biological functions like miRNA sponge, RBP sponge, alternative splicing, transcriptional/post-transcriptional gene regulation. Therefore, it is especially important to study the function of circRNA.

With the widespread application of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology and bioinformatics prediction, large numbers of circRNAs have been identified. However, the low abundance expression level of circRNA significantly limits the detection efficiency of RNA-seq. Therefore, a high-throughput microarray may act as a more sensitive, efficient, and cost-effective technology for circRNA expression profiling.

Several studies have indicated that circRNA exhibited a powerful potential in regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastasis, suggesting that circRNA may be important target molecule in cancer. Therefore, the discovery of disease related circRNA may provide a new perspective for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

circRNA is an emerging class of widespread, abundant, and evolutionarily conserved noncoding RNA, and generated by non-sequential back splicing of exons, introns, or both. In this century, the vital functions of circRNAs in eukaryotes have increasingly come to light. Recently, with the development of RNA sequencing and microarray, thousands of types of circRNAs have been found to be endogenous in mammalian cells.

It is reported that circRNA acts as miRNA sponge and RBP sponge to function in human diseases. For example, ciR-7 contains more than 70 selectively conserved miRNA target sites that can bind miR-7, facilitate a specific miR-7-AGO2 interaction, and suppress miR-7 activity in diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma, colorectal cancer, and diabetes.

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