Alexander Shishman was the eldest son of the Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Shishman (reigned between 1371 and 1395).
Alexander was possibly made co-emperor by his father before the Ottoman conquest of the Tsardom of Tarnovo in 1395.
After the subjugation of Ivan Shishman's kingdom and his execution, Alexander converted to Islam to avoid his father's fate.
He was appointed governor of Samsun, where he remained until 1402. From 1413 to 1418, when he was killed in battle against a local rebel, Alexander was in charge of Smyrna.














