Science World

Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin.

The first word represents genus while the second represents species.

When handwritten, both words have to be separately underlined.

The first word, denoting the genus, starts with a capital letter while all else is in small letters.For example: Panthera leo for lion.

Name of the scientist appears after the specific epithet in abbreviated form. For example: Mangifera indica Linn.

Toutonym

Both the genus and species name are the same. For example: Ratus ratus for rat.

Growth: Increase in mass or number of individuals is termed as growth. But growth cannot be taken as a defining feature of the because specific conditions have to be explained first so that it contains all of the living organisms.

Reproduction: Although it is an all-inclusive characteristic of the living there are those organisms which can not reproduce(for example: mules, sterile worker bees, etc.). Hence, it too can’t be taken as a defining property. 

Metabolism: All of the reactions (anabolic and catabolic) occurring in our body, is metabolism. But reactions performed in the labs is neither living nor non-living.

Cellular organisation: It is a defining feature of life forms. no non-living object has cells.

Consciousness: Each and everyone of the organism, from simple to the most complex, can sense and respond to their surrounding. All organisms are ‘aware’ of their environment. Human beings are the only organisms having self-consciousness. Thus, this becomes a defining property of living organisms.

Thus, summing up, we came with the following defining of living:

Living organisms are self-replicating, evolving and self-regulating interactive systems capable of responding to external stimuli.

But when it comes to human beings, living state becomes all the more difficult to define. Patients in coma, supported by machines replacing heart and lungs, are those living or non-living?

Write down the balanced chemical equation.

Write the relative number of moles and relative masses of the reactants and products below their formulae

In case of a gaseous substance, write down 22.4 litres at STP below the formula in place of 1 mole

Calculate the asked quantity by unitary method

Note that if the reaction takes place in solution, the given molarity/normality must be converted into moles/grams.

Limiting Reagent

The reactant which is present in lesser amount ( in moles) is called the limiting reagent because it gets consumed early and stops the reaction to proceed further. Remember to convert the given amount into moles to identify the limiting reagent.