The Rogue Linguist

¡¡Hola a todos!! Pues @leahrning me ha pedido hacer una lista de vocabulario de las razas de perros y gatos. Aunque, no sé nada de los gatos así que mostrará esta lista solo las razas de perros. Espero que disfrutéis esta lista y que podáis usarla en una manera que nunca pensaba de hacer antes de esta lista. Sean preparados, porque esta lista contiene muchos cognados, un dato que a mí me molesta un poco. Recuerdan decir las palabras con una pronunciación española! También, ¿¿¿todos son masculinos??? No lo me gusta jaja. Será una lista de las razas de perros en alemán pronto, pero no está lista ahora mismo. Y a habladores nativos de español, por favor díganme si vieran un error.

EN - ES

in sentences with a conjugated modal verb and one infinitive, the infinitive can be omitted if its meaning can be assumed by the relationship between the subject(s) and object(s) sie will ein glas milch haben. > sie will ein glas milch. kann er deutsch sprechen? > kann er deutsch? wir wollen nach deutschland reisen. > wir wollen nach deutschland. ich will zu dir gehen. > ich will zu dir. das kind muss ins bett gehen. > das kind muss ins bett. das darf ich nicht machen. > das darf ich nicht.

the verb infinitive ending -en can become -’n gehen > geh’n sehen > seh’n wollen > woll’n lecken > leck’n

-e can be removed from the end of conjugated verbs habe > hab’ hätte > hätt’ trage > trag’ wäre > wär’

es can be reduced to -’s on the end of the preceding word du es > du’s ich es > ich’s los geht es > los geht’s was gibt es? > was gibt’s?

the ei- can be removed from the beginning of the indefinite article ein > ’n eine > ’ne einen > ’nen einem > ’nem einer > ’ner irgendeine > irgend’ne etc.

if du proceeds its conjugated verb, it can be reduced to -e on the end of the preceding verb bist du > biste hast du > haste kannst du > kannste warst du > warste

after prepositions, ein/den/einen becomes -’n, dem becomes -’m, das becomes -’s auf dem > auf’m durch das > durch’s für das > für’s für ein/den/einen > für’n hinter dem > hinter’m mit dem > mit’m (> mim) unter das > unter’s etc.

dar- becomes dr- and her- becomes r- darin > drin darauf > drauf heraus > raus herein > rein etc.

in questions with a second or third person singular conjugated verb, “denn” can be moved to directly proceed the verb, where it is reduced to -’n, causing the t sound to be reduced to a glottal stop when pronounced was ist das denn? > was is(t)’n das? wie heißt du denn? > wie heiß(t)’n du?

the above contractions/reductions are often used together das wäre es > das wär’s ich habe es > ich hab’s

some other words that can be reduced/contracted andere > andre besondere > besondre gerade > grade > grad irgendetwas > irgendwas/etwas > was irgendwelche > welche ist > is’ ist so > isso nicht > nich (north) or net/nit (south) nichts > nix mal > ma schonmal > schoma so ist es > so isses

corresponding relative pronouns instead of third person pronouns sie > die / ihr > der er > der / ihn > den / ihm > dem sie > die / ihnen > denen

instead of “ja” jap jepp jo joa ju jupp

instead of “nein” nee/ne nöö/nö

instead of “oder?” at the end of a sentence to make it a question ne? (north) gell? (south) nicht wahr? stimmt’s?

make sure you know how to use these words, they will help make you sound less sharp and robotic aber auch bloß doch eben eh einmal erst etwa gerade halt ja mal na naja nun nur ohnehin schon sowieso vielleicht wohl

fillers/expressions of surprise ach/achso - aha/i see/oh okay alter/digga/mann - dude/man/bro/mate ah/äh/eh/oh - ah/oh ahm/ähm/ehm/öhm - um/erm au/aua/autsch - ow/ouch bäh/igitt/pfui - ew/ugh/yuck boah - wow ey - hey/jeez hä? - huh? och - ach/ugh oha - wow (oh mein) gott - (oh my) god was zur hölle/was zum teufel - what the hell/what the fuck

abbreviations bb - bis bald bd - bis dann bissn/bissl - bisschen/bissel dad - denk an dich eig - eigentlich einf - einfach ev - eventuell gn8 - gute nacht hdf - halt die fresse hdl - hab dich lieb hdgdl - hab dich ganz doll lieb hdgdlfiuebaedwuwz - hab dich ganz doll lieb für immer und ewig bis ans ende der welt und wieder zurück ida - ich dich auch ild - ich liebe dich irgendwann - iwann irgendwo - iwo irgendwer - iwer etc. jz - jetzt ka - keine ahnung kb - kein bock kd - kein ding kp - kein plan/kein problem lg - liebe grüße lw - langweilig mfg - mit freundlichen grüßen mmn - meiner meinung nach vllt - vielleicht wg - was geht? wmds - was machst du so?

laughing haha - normal laugh hihi - giggle hehe - cute/evil/annoying laugh höhö/hühü - cute/annoying/sarcastic/satirical/stupid laugh

-en, -em and -el are pronounced as n m and l respectively

heißen > heißn diesem > diesm vogel > vogl

short i can sound like an unstressed ü or like it has been omitted altogether schwimmen > schwümmn sind > sünt ich habe es > chaps

the combinations ls and ns can sound like there is a t before the s als > alts ich will es > chwüllts eins > eints übrigens > übrignts

-en before d and t is pronounced as n duden > dudn schneiden > schneidn t is reduced to a glottal stop braten > bra’n retten > re’n in the case of words that end in -nden, d is sometimes reduced to a glottal stop finden > findn > fin’n

-en after g and k is pronounced as ng magen > magng flaggen > flaggng k is reduced to a glottal stop packen > pa’ng zocken > zo’ng in the case of words ending in -nken, n is pronounced as ng sinken > sing’ng

hey guys!!! someone asked me if i could tell them some tips for studying a new language so i thought i’d make a masterpost so everyone could see it and use it!!! happy learning ❤️📚 (x)

i wanted to add more things but it was going to be too long, so if you want me to add anything else tell me and i’ll make another masterpost with it!!

general tips

make the most of duolingo! by @leahrning

learning foreign languages by @a-pprendre

how to self-study languages by @e-tudiante

how to learn a new language at home by @laurynstudy​

ace your foreign language class by @cambridgemagic

language learning by @study-well

studying a foreign language by @areistotle

online bilingual dictionaries by @languageramblings

15 tips for language self-study

the complete guide of self-studying a foreign language

5 tips for self-studying a foreign language

tips for learning a new language by @ofminervas 

tips for writing by @moonstruckstudies

another language masterpost by @wonderful-language-sounds​

ten reasons to learn a new language by @thescholarlysquad​

language learning tips and resources by @study-ings

how to study a foreign language by @a-student-life

a faster way to start learning a language by @funwithlanguages 

a new language? tricky but easy! by @underpressurecharlie

how i learn languages by @mickybyrd

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english masterpost by @studyvet

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get litterature notes x x x x

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french masterpost by @organisaticns

french resources masterlist by @nathalliastudies

50 advanced french phrases by @la-linguistique 

12 tips for learning french efficiently

how to improve your french

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french resources

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german capitalisation by @yourfuckingmuse

german emotions by @deutsch-doodles

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guide to learning german by @baernat

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​polish learning masterpost by @areistotle

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tips to read and listen in russian by @wonderful-language-sounds

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spanish oxford dictionary by @productivebuddy​

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swedish resources masterpost by @studyvet

swedish media by @maltese-boy

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best songs for learning a language by @highschoolering 

learn about fillers in different languages by @vinurminn

learn an ancient language

another language masterpost by @z-co

masterpost of language massive open courses by @wonderful-sounds

language resources by @travellingual

a folder with all of the grammar you’ll ever need

notebook set up by @curiousmin-d 

motivation

benefits of being bilingual by @polyglotgirl 

motivation to keep on studying by @rahaflearns 

why you’re a better learner than a child by @languageoclock​

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how to: group work