Learn-Korean

Semester 2 week 2 vocabulary

안녕하세요~

I decided to share the vocabulary I have to learn every week. So if you want to study in Korea, this might be a fun little challenge for you to try and keep up! This is the actual pace, so a great way to get into the Korean study vibes.

All the vocabulary can be found on memrise.

피부 = skin

동그랗다 = to be round

둥글다 = to be smooth

파마 = permanent

응원하다 = to support 

이상형 = ideal type 

첫사랑 = first love

(말을) 걸다 = to talk to someone

줄무늬 = stripe

사연 = story

부끄럽다 = to be shy

글 = writing

이유 = reason 

딱 = suddenly 

다시 = again

내 로봇 엄마 

@studykorean101 ; hjusch

읽어줘서 미리 고마워요~ Thanks in advance for reading!

~ SK101 

안 그래도 

This expression can be a bit hard to translate any one specific way since there are a few different variations in the interpretation depending on tone and context. Some interpretations may include:

Before you do something, I’m already… You don’t have to do that, it’s already… We’re already… This is a shortened version of  그렇지 않아도, so you may see or hear either form being used. Before you called I was already planning on contacting you / I was already planning on calling before you called. 안 그래도 오늘 전화하려고 했어. I already thought it was strange before you mentioned it. 안 그래도 조금 이상하다고 생각했어.

V+죽겠다

This expression is exactly the same as the English expression ‘I’m ____ to death’. Usually in English, we would either say ‘I’m bored to death’ or ‘I’m tired to death’, but in Korean you can actually use a lot of different verbs along with this expression and it would still sound natural. I’m bored to death. 심심해 죽겠어. I’m scared to death. 무서워 죽겠어. I’m hungry to death / I’m starving. 배고파 죽겠네. This is so difficult, I’m gonna die. 힘들어 죽겠어.

아/어/해 지다

Adding 아/어/해 지다 to the stem of an adjective changes the meaning from ‘to be ____’ to ‘to become ____’.  춥다 ㅡ> 추워지다 따뜻하다 ㅡ> 따뜻해지다 크다 ㅡ> 커지다 This grammar principle can only be used with adjectives, not verbs or nouns. It allows you to add other endings onto it that wouldn’t make sense with the plain form of the adjective, such as 고 있다, 고 싶다, and 아/어(요). Here are some examples:

-은/는 vs -이/가

⚠️Disclaimer: I got this info from the lingodeer website. 🚩this is a very complicated concept in Korean and you will not learn it in one sitting. It comes to you with lots and lots of exposure and practice. I'm still not the best at it myself after studying for years, but I've noticed that I can just feel when it seems good or weird to use one over the other. After lots of exposure to the language you start to naturally know when It's best to use one over the other.

Subject Marking Particles 이/가  

To sum it up, 이 and 가 are used to denote the subject of a sentence. 

* 이 is used after a noun that ends in a consonant. (E.g. 선생님이 / 책이 / 이름이 )

* 가 is used after a noun that ends in a vowel. (E.g. 학교는 / 엄마는 / 의자는 )

Let’s look at some example sentences:

신발이 더러워요.
The shoes are dirty.  

날씨가 추워요.
The weather is cold.

민지가 학교에 갔다.
Minji went to school.

강아지가 잠을 잡니다.
The dog is sleeping.

비행기가 공항에 도착했습니다.
The plane has arrived at the airport.

Topic Marking Particles 은/는

은 and 는 are used to denote the topic of a sentence.

은 is used after a noun that ends in a consonant. (E.g. 선생님은 / 책은 / 이름은 )

는 is used after a noun that ends in a vowel. (E.g. 학교는 / 엄마는 / 의자는 )

Here are some examples:

오늘은 날씨가 좋아요.
The weather is nice today.

오늘 = “today”. It is the topic of the sentence.

그는 곧 결혼을 할 거예요.
He’ll get married soon. 

그 = “he”. It is the topic of the sentence.

Four Differences Between 은/는 and 이/가

Difference #1: 

Subject vs Description

이/가 puts the focus on the subject:

누가 이 컵을 깼어요?
Who broke this cup?

가 puts the focus on “who” broke the cup.

제가 깼어요.
I did.

가 puts the focus on the subject “I”, who broke the cup.

은/는 puts the focus on the description:

수진 씨는 지금 뭐 해요?
What is Sujin doing now?

는 puts the focus on what Sujin is  “doing”.

수진 씨는 지금 요리하고 있어요.
Sujin is cooking now.

는 puts the focus on Sujin’s action, which is “cooking”.

Difference #2:

New Information vs. Known Information

이/가 is used to introduce new information:

새로운 친구가 생겼어요. 그 친구는 17살이에요.
I have a new friend. The friend is 17 years old. 

Explanation: In the second sentence, the “friend” is no longer new information,  because the friend was previously mentioned in the first sentence. That’s why you have to use “친구는”, and not “친구가” in the second sentence.

은/는 is used to mention known information:

어제 한국어 시험이 있었어요. 그 시험은 너무 어려웠어요.
I had a Korean language test yesterday. That test was very difficult.

Explanation: Because the “test” is no longer new information, as it was previously mentioned in the first sentence, you have to use “시험은”, and not “시험이” in the second sentence.

Difference #3:

Statements vs. Comparisons

이/가 is used to making broad statements:

드레스가 예뻐요.
The dress is pretty.

시장에 사람이 많았어요.
There were many people in the market.

은/는 is used in comparisons and contrasting:

저는 그림은 잘 그리지만 공부는 못해요.
I’m good at painting, but I’m not good at studying.

철수는 키가 크고 지민이는 키가 작아요.
Cheolsu is tall and Jimin is short.

그 식당은 햄버거는 맛있어요.
That restaurant has good hamburgers.

(This has the nuanced implication “but not the salad” or “but not their service” etc. , compared to their hamburger.)

Difference #4:

Only after subject vs. After any noun

이/가 can be used only after the subject of a sentence:

케이크가 맛있어요. 
The cake is delicious.

고향이 어디십니까?
Where is your hometown? 

부산이 제 고향이에요.
Busan is my hometown. 

은/는 is used after any noun that requires emphasis:

저는 김지민입니다.
I’m Jimin Kim. 

이것은 책이에요.
This is a book.

그것은 의자입니다.
That is a chair.

Conclusions: 이/가 vs 은/는 

Please note that these are some of the most complicated grammar rules in Korean. Even advanced Korean learners often get confused when trying to distinguish the correct use of 은/는 and 이/가.

06.28.21

— Monday, Korean

here's an unfiltered sunrise from 6 AM of today, it was a bit misty as it has been raining for some time within the day these days. It was a pleasant morning, giving me energy for my first water fasting (I'm not excited about it but I feel my body needs to be cleansed once a week).

For Korean, I'm reviewing my notes from Friday before starting with a new lecture as there's a quiz after the second grammar lecture. Here's some notes from Friday's notes!

Verb -아도 / 어도 / 여도 되다

어떤 행위에 대해 허락을 물어보거나 이에 대해 그렇게 하라고 허용함을 나타낼 때. < Used when asking for permission to do something or indicating that it is permitted to do an action. Can be translated to 'can' or 'may' >

아도 되다 - used for verbs ending in 아, 오

ex. 사다 < to buy > = 사도 되다 < (you) can buy >

사도 돼요? < can I buy it? >

사도 돼요. < (you) can buy it.

ex. 보다 < to see/look > = 봐도 되다 < (you) can look/see >

이 앨범을 봐도 돼요? < can I look at this album? >

봐도 돼요. < You can look. >

어도 되다 - used for verbs ending in 어.

ex. 썰다 < to chop, to slice > = 썰어도 되다 < (you) can chop/slice >

그 양파를썰다 돼요? < Can you chop the onion? >

네, 썰다 돼요. < Yes, I can chop it. >

여도 되다 - used for verbs ending in 이.

ex. 찍다 < to take (picture) > = 찍여도 되다 < (you) can take a picture >

이 편지를 찍여도 돼요? < Can I take a picture of this letter? >

아니요, 사진을 찍을 안돼요. < No, you cannot take pictures. >

for -하다 verbs, change 하 to 해도 and add 되다.

ex. 요리하다 < to cook > = 요리해도 되다 < (you) can cook >

라면을 요리해도 돼요 < Can I cook ramen? >

네, 라면을 요리해도 돼요. < Yes, you can cook ramen. >

As usual, if there are any corrections or mistranslations, please do let me know !! I translated the definitions/descriptions from my notes to English with some help from papago to make sure it would be translated into the original meaning from the notes. And as a review, I constructed the sentence by myself, hehe.

(으)ㄹ거예요 vs 겠다

~겠다 means a strong will or intention to perform an action and can only be used in the first person

To emphasise one’s strong will or intention to follow through with an action, use ~겠다 instead of ~(으)ㄹ게.

~겠다 is also used very often in formal and professional settings.

Examples:

앞으로 열심히 일을 하겠습니다. 감사합니다.

I will work hard from now on. Thank you.

와! 진짜 맛있어 보이네. 잘 먹겠습니다.

Wow! This looks really delicious. I will eat well.

*잘 먹겠습니다 is a commonly used phrase at the dinner table as an expression of gratitude for the food and courtesy before eating. It might be in the formal form but it can be used in all casual, polite or formal situations.

오늘 즐거웠습니다. 다음에는 다시 뵙겠습니다.

I enjoyed myself today. See you again next time.

*다시 뵙겠습니다 is the honorific form of 다시 만나요, which essentially means the same thing “see you again/meet you again”.

>>>>>>

~겠다 can be attached to both verbs and adjectives

In this respect, ~겠다 is the same as ~(으)ㄹ 것이다 in that we can attach both verbs and adjectives to both grammar particles to express something that hasn’t yet happened.

Once again, as you will notice, ~겠다 is commonly used in (but not limited to) formal and polite situations.

Examples:

회의가 2시에 끝나겠어요. 잠시 기다려 주세요.

The meeting will end at 2 pm. Please wait for a while.

어제 아주 바빠서 찾지 못했지만 오늘 다시 찾겠어요.

I was very busy yesterday so I couldn’t find it but I will find it again today.

너무나 걱정하지 마세요. 스트레스를 받으면 아프겠어요.

Don’t be overly worried. If you’re stressed out, you will get sick.

>>>>>>

~겠다 implies the speaker’s guess when used on another subject other than him or herself. (I bet / I guess / It seems)

~겠다 can be used if we’re unsure of something and wish to be polite. This is especially true when the speaker is not referring to an action or adjective that applies to him or herself.

Examples:

메뉴판을 봐서 김치찌개가 맛있겠어! 주문해 봐.

I saw the menu and I guess the Kimchi stew will be delicious! Let’s order that.

나중에 그 회사에서 일을 하면 많이 고생하겠어.

When I work at that company in the future, I guess I will suffer a lot.

Use this formula for the second usage:

* [verb / adjective stem] + 겠다 = I guess / I bet / It seems

Let’s see some sample sentences:

* 맛있겠다. = It looks delicious. / It seems delicious.

* 맛있다 = to be delicious

* 맛있 + 겠다 = 맛있겠다 = It seems delicious 

일주일에 책을 다 읽겠어요 = I bet I can read the whole book in a week.

* 다 = all

* 읽다 = to read

* 읽 + 겠어요 = 읽겠어요 = I bet I can read / I think I’ll read 

* Could also mean, in some cases, “I intend to read the whole book in one week” or “I will read the whole book in a week”

그 콘서트 입장권이 비싸겠어. = I bet those concert tickets are expensive. / Those concert tickets must be expensive.

* 입장권 = ticket(s)

* 비싸다 = to be expensive

고 is added onto a verb stem when joining one clause to another. It’s very common and simple to use in ways such as:

여자가 귀엽고 아주 예뻐요 - the girl is cute and quite pretty (attached to a descriptive verb)

저는 먹고 갈 거예요 - I’ll eat and then I’ll go (attached to an action verb and shows chronological order)

The tense in such sentences is indicated by the conjugation of the last verb - as shown in the second example, the 먹 part doesn’t have a specific tense, but 갈 거예요 at the very end is future, therefore the whole sentence is understood as future.

There is a case where the tense can be put onto the first verb as well - when the 2 actions were done far apart in time. Using 고 as above with no tense on the 1st verb indicates that you’re doing the actions right after one another or in the same time frame. However, if you want to join two things that were done far apart in time, you can add the past tense conjugation to the 1st verb e.g.:

고 is added onto a verb stem when joining one clause to another. It’s very common and simple to use in ways such as:

여자가 귀엽고 아주 예뻐요 - the girl is cute and quite pretty (attached to a descriptive verb)

저는 먹고 갈 거예요 - I’ll eat and then I’ll go (attached to an action verb and shows chronological order)

The tense in such sentences is indicated by the conjugation of the last verb - as shown in the second example, the 먹 part doesn’t have a specific tense, but 갈 거예요 at the very end is future, therefore the whole sentence is understood as future.

There is a case where the tense can be put onto the first verb as well - when the 2 actions were done far apart in time. Using 고 as above with no tense on the 1st verb indicates that you’re doing the actions right after one another or in the same time frame. However, if you want to join two things that were done far apart in time, you can add the past tense conjugation to the 1st verb e.g.:

even if you do x, there's no use in

more commonly used in spoken korean

울어 봤자 소용 없어요

there's no use in crying

지금 가 봤자 시간 낭비예요

even if you go now, it'll be a waste of time

자금 공부해 봤자 소용 없어요

DIALOGUE:

1: 아까 뭐 하고 있었어요?

2: 심심해서 그림을 그리고 있었어요.

1: 그림을 자주 그려요?

2: 네, 저는 주로 인물을 그려요. 사람들의 다양한 모습을 그리는 것을 좋아해요.

1: 그럼 저도 그려 줄래요?

2: 네, 예쁘게 그려 줄게요

Detailed Explanations For Everything

Sentence by Sentence Breakdown

*all sentences covered

🤔아까 뭐 하고 있었어요?

아까 = a while ago

뭐 + 하다 = what to do

뭐해요/뭐하고 있어? = what are you doing?

뭐했어요/뭐하고 있었어요? = what were you doing?

고 있다 = present progressive (V-ing)

고 있었다 = past progressive

(was V-ing)

✍️심심해서 그림을 그리고 있었어요.

심심하다 = to be bored

아/어/여/해서 = so; because

그림 = drawing, picture

그리다 = to draw

😯그림을 자주 그려요?

자주 = often

그리다 = 그려요

😃네, 저는 주로 인물을 그려요. 사람들의 다양한 모습을 그리는 것을 좋아해요.

주로 = usually

인물 = character

"사람들의.."

들 = plural particle

> makes a word plural

사람 = person

사람들 = people (more than one person)

의 = possessive particle

shows possession (my phone, his car, their school, etc.)

> adds ('s) example - nina('s) book

"사람들의 다양한 모습.."

The verb describes the noun in this sentence

다양하다 = various, different.

모습 = figure, appearances

다양한 모습 = various figures

What kind of figures?

> Various

사람들의 다양한 모습

People's various figures

Or various appearances[images] of people

-는 것 is attached to a verb to change a verb into a noun clause like ‘-ing’ or ‘to -‘.

것 = thing

그리는 것 = drawing; to draw; the act of drawing; the thing one draws

그리는 것을 좋아해요

= one likes drawing or one likes to draw

Examples:

먹는 것을 좋아해요

= one likes to eat

😊그럼 저도 그려 줄래요?

그럼 = then

저 = me, i

도 = also

아/어/여 주다 = to give; to do for (someone)

ㄹ래(요) = suggesting something to someone, asking for a person's opinion

...그려 줄래요?

Can you draw..?

😇네, 예쁘게 그려 줄게요

네 = yes

예쁘다 = to be pretty

-게 = turns adjectives into adverbs

corresponds to "in a manner, so that.." or sometimes simply can add the "-ly"

EX:

빠르다 = to be fast, quick

빠르게 = quickly

but of course 빨리 is used most commonly instead of this word to mean the same thing

ㄹ게요 = express your intention to do something

> one will -V or one will do

그려 줄게요

I will draw

'예쁘게 그려 줄게요'

I will draw something [in a manner that is] pretty

Vocabulary List 단어장

아까 a while ago

뭐 what

하다 to do

심심하다 to be bored

그림 drawing; picture

그리다 to draw

자주 often

네 yes

저 me; i

주로 usually

인물 looks; features (the appearance of a person)

사람들 people

다양하다 various, diverse, different

모습 figure; appearance; looks

좋아하다 to like

그럼 if so; then

04.07.21

— morning study session (Korean) and days of the week vocabulary in Korean and Japanese

Good morning ! Woke up later than I was supposed to but since it was kind of a gloomy morning, I didn't miss much of the sunrise since the sun was kind of just peeking whenever the clouds would give it space, haha.

Anywho, I went back to ttmik's lessons and got done with level 1, lessons 9-11. I might study again after working out, but here's today's vocabulary that I've been reading the other day due to me being unable to do anything as my wrist was in pain, heh.

days of the week

일요일 | にちょうび | Sunday

월요일 | げつょうび | Monday

화요일 | かょうび | Tuesday

수요일 | すいょうび | Wednesday

목요일 | もくょうび | Thursday

금요일 | きにょうび | Friday

토요일 | どょうび | Saturday

the 일 in Korean and ょうび or 曜日 in Japanese is equivalent to "day" in English.

all 7 days of the week in Korean and Japanese represents an element/meaning based off of their Chinese characters. ex. for もくょうび, もく((木) moku means wood, therefore Thursday, rather もくょうび is the day of wood. On the other hand, in Korean, 수요일 is day of water as 수 means water (examples of words with 수 that is associated with water — 수영 for swimming, 생수 for drinking water). Here are the days with their special meanings:

☀️ 일 = day or sun | にち (日) = sun

🌙 월 and げつ (月) = moon

🔥 화 and か (火) = fire

💧 수 and すい (水) = water

🌲 목 and もく (木) = wood

🏅 금 and きん (金) = gold

🌏 토 = soil | ど (土) = earth

aside from pinterest posts, here are my references for today's post for further reading, if you'd like !!

90 day Korean – Days of the Week

Learn Japanese Adventure – Using Japanese Numbers to Read Days, Months and Days of the Week

It's my first time to post stuff like this so if ever I lacked/misinterpreted anything, please do let me know !!

LIST OF KOREAN HOMONYMS

*words that are spelled the same, but have different meanings

눈 = snow + eye

👀눈❄️

눈이나 코를 손으로 비비지 마세요.

Don’t rub your eyes or nose.

1월에 눈이 오기 시작했습니다.

It started to snow in January.

의사 = doctor + mind, idea; intention

🧑‍⚕️의사 🗣

그는 자라서 의사가 되고 싶어해요.

He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.

의사가 도움이 되었나요?

Was the doctor able to help you?

저는 아직 결혼할 의사가 없습니다

I don't have any intention to get married just yet.

이 문제에 대한 당신의 의사를 내게 말해 주시오

Let me know your mind(opinion) in this matter.

시장 = market + mayor

🏪시장👱‍♀️

오는 길에 시장에 잠깐 들렀었어요.

I stopped off at the market on my way over.

시에서는 오는 11월 새로운 시장선거를 할 것이다.

Next November, the city will vote for a new mayor.

개 = dog + counter (for things)

🦮개

그 개는 맹인을 도와줍니다.

The dog is helping the blind man.

승규는 귤을 좋아해서 자기 혼자 귤 열 개를 다 먹었어

Seunggyu loves tangerines. He ate all ten tangerines by himself.

사탕 한 개 = a piece of candy

여러 개의 가방 = Several bags.

해 = sun + year

☀️해🗓

오늘은 먹구름이 해를 가려서 한낮에도 깜깜했어

The dark clouds covered the sun today, so it was dark even in the middle of the day.

승규는 해가 바뀌면 스물이 된다.

Seung-gyu turns 20 when the year changes.

맞다 = to be hit + to be correct

👊맞다✔️

A가 맞는 답입니다

"A" is the right answer.

그 선수는 공에 머리를 맞았어

The player got hit on[in] the head with a ball.

열 = 10 + fever

🔟열 🤒

지수는 나이가 열이 될 때까지 할머니 댁에 살았습니다

Jisoo lived at her grandmother's house until she turned 10.

내 동생은 감기에 걸려 몸에서 열이 펄펄 났어

My brother's got a cold. He's got a fever.

나는 영어 공부에 열을 올렸어요

I got myself all fired up/excited about studying English.

그 사람 때문에 정말 열 받았어

He made me mad.

이 유리는 열에 강하다

BEGINNER KOREAN CONVO

⚠️comes from naver dictionary app

어디에서 식사를 할까요?

지하철역 앞에 분식집이 있어요. 거기는 어때요?

좋아요. 무엇을 먹을까요?

김밥하고 라면을 먹고 싶어요.

✨Sentence By Sentence Breakdown✨

🚩어디에서 식사를 할까요?

~에서 : to mark a location where a certain action takes place or will take place. For instance, the first person is asking about where they will eat, so the action is eating.

~ㄹ까요? : this ending is used when suggesting something or asking what someone wants to do | Shall; Should

☁️VOCAB☁️

어디 - where

식사 - meal

식사하다 - to eat (instead of 먹다 this is used in this sentence)

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🚩지하철역 옆에 분식집이 있어요. 거기는 어때요?

지하철역 옆에

(The subway station near)

Near the subway station

Prepositions like 앞, 뒤, 옆, etc. are placed after the word they are modifying or the words they are talking about

Example: In front of the house > 집 앞에

어때(요) - added to ask someone's opinion of something

Example: 음식 어때요? > how's the food?

☁️VOCAB☁️

지하철역 - subway station

옆 - side (location); next to; near

분식집 - A store that sells light meals such as gimbap, tteokbokki, instant noodles, etc. (Snack bar)

있다 - to be, to exist

거기 - there

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🚩좋아요. 무엇을 먹을까요?

무엇을 먹을까요?

What SHALL WE eat?

☁️VOCAB☁️

좋다 - to be good

무엇 - what

먹다 - to eat

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🚩김밥하고 라면을 먹고 싶어요.

고/하고 - means 'and' | used to connect multiple things together in a sentence

~고 싶다 - to want

☁️VOCAB☁️

김밥 - kimbap

라면 - ramen

ENGLISH TRANSLATION