âIn 1958 Wolf Vostell becomes the first artist who incorporates a television set into one of his works in the installation Black Room Cycle.[2] Transmigracion 1-3, 1958, are also early works with incorpareted television. In 1963 Wolf Vostell exhibited the installation 6 TV DĂŠ-coll/age[3] at the Smolin Gallery in New York. Also in 1963 Wolf Vostell made the video Sun in your head.Nam June Paik had his first exhibition with manipulated TV in 1963 at the Gallery Parnass in Wuppertal.[4] Video art is often said to have begun when Nam June Paik used his new Sony Portapak to shoot footage of Pope Paul VIâs procession through New York City in the autumn of 1965 (although the Sony Rover Portapak was not available until 1967, so Paik clearly used a different machine).[5] That same day, across town in a Greenwich Village cafe, Paik played the tapes and video art was born. The French artist Fred Forest has also used a Sony Portapak since 1967. Both these claims are however often rigorously disputed because the first Sony Portapak, the Videorover did not become commercially available until 1967, first in the US (Fred Forest does not contradict this, saying it was provided to him by the manufacturers[6]) and that Andy Warhol is credited with showing underground video art mere weeks before Paikâs papal procession screening, but here probably made on a pre-portable mains deck.Prior to the introduction of this new technology, moving image production was only available to the consumer (or the artist for that matter) by way of eight or sixteen millimeter film, but did not provide the instant playback that video tape technologies offered. Consequently, many artists found video more appealing than film, even more so when the greater accessibility was coupled with technologies which could edit or modify the video image.The two examples mentioned above both made use of âlow tech tricksâ to produce early video art works. American artist Peter Campusâ Double Vision combined the video signals from two Sony Portapaks through an electronic mixer, resulting in a distorted and radically dissonant image and Jonasâ Organic Honeyâs Vertical Roll involved recording previously recorded material as it was played back on a television â with the vertical hold setting intentionally in error.An early multi-channel video art work (using several monitors or screens) was Wipe Cycle by Ira Schneider and Frank Gillette. Wipe Cycle was first exhibited at the Howard Wise Gallery in New York in 1969 as part of an exhibition titled âTV as a Creative Mediumâ. An installation of nine television screens, Wipe Cycle combined live images of gallery visitors, found footage from commercial television, and shots from pre-recorded tapes. The material was alternated from one monitor to the next in an elaborate choreography.Valie Exportâs groundbreaking video piece, âFacing a Familyâ (1971) was one of the first instances of television intervention and broadcasting video art. The video, originally broadcast on the Austrian television program âKontakteâ February 2, 1971,[11] shows a bourgeois Austrian family watching TV while eating dinner. When other middle-class families watched this program on TV, the television would be holding a mirror up to their experience and complicating the relationship between subject, spectator, and television.[7]At the USAâs San Jose State TV studios in 1970, Willoughby Sharp began the âVideoviewsâ series of videotaped dialogues with artists. The âVideoviewsâ series consists of Sharpsâ dialogues with Bruce Nauman (1970), Joseph Beuys (1972), Vito Acconci (1973), Chris Burden (1973), Lowell Darling (1974), and Dennis Oppenheim (1974). Also in 1970, Sharp curated âBody Works,â an exhibition of video works by Vito Acconci, Terry Fox, Richard Serra, Keith Sonnier, Dennis Oppenheim and William Wegman which was presented at Tom Marioniâs Museum of Conceptual Art, San Francisco, California.Video art became immensely popular in New York City. The Kitchen was founded by Steina and Woody Vasulka assisted by video director Dimitri Devyatkin and Shridhar Bapat in 1971. Video art and electronic music were showcased to an eager public.Meanwhile in the UK David Hallâs âTV Interruptionsâ (1971) were transmitted intentionally unannounced and uncredited on Scottish TV, the first artist interventions on British television.â
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