Intermediate Korean Grammar Recap
This is a summary of all the intermediate level Korean grammar points I learned this summer, as well as their respective posts (if there is one). Iโll try to make the others as soon as possible and add them as I go.
~(์ผ)ใน ๊ฑธ์: used when the speaker states an unconfirmed assumption or supposition about a future event or something he or she is not sure about.
~(์ผ)ใด/๋ ๋ฐ๋ฉด์/~(์ผ)ใด/๋ ๋ฐ ๋ฐํด: used to express the fact that two things are opposites (โon one handโฆ, on the other handโฆโ).
~๋ ๋ฐ๋์: used when the preceding clause descrives the cause or reason for the statement in the following clause (โdue toโฆโ).
~๋ ํ์: indicates that the preceding clause is the clause or reason why the negative event described in the following clause occured (โbecause ofโฆโ)
~๊ณ ํด์: this expression means that the reason given in the preceding clause is just one if a number of reasons for the behavior described in the following clause (โdue to โฆ among other thingsโ)
~๋ค๊ณ ํ๋๋ฐ: combination of ~๋๋ค๊ณ ํ๋ค (citation) and ๋๋ฐ (recollection), it is used when recalling or confirming something you heard somebody else say previously (โI heard thatโฆโ).
~(์ผ)ใน๊น ํ๋ค : this is used to indicate the speakerโs vague intention or rough plan that has yet to be finalized (โIโm thinking of doingโฆโ).
~(์ผ)๋ ค๋ ์ฐธ์ด๋ค: this expression is used to express the fact that not only had the speaker been intending to do the very thing the other person is suggesting, but that he or she was just about to do it at that very movement or intended to do so very soon (โI was just about toโฆโ).
~(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒธ ~(์ผ)ใน ๊ฒธ (ํด์): this expression is used to indicste the speakerโs intention to do at least two actions or behaviors (โโฆ as well asโฆโ).
~์ง ๊ทธ๋์?: this expression is used to suggest that someone do somsthing, but is a much weaker and softer expression than ~๋๋ก ํ๋ค (โWhy notโฆ ?โ)
~๋๋ผ๊ณ ์: this expression is used to express the speakerโs recollection of something that he or she previously directly saw, heard or felt.
~์/์ด์ง๋ค: this expression is used when the subjectโs action or behavior occurs either because of an action performed by someone else or because of some other indirect action performed by some person or some thing (โHe is closing the doorโ -> โThe door was closedโ).
~๊ฒ ํ๋ค: this expression is used to indicate that the subject makes someone else do some behavior (โI am angryโ -> โHe made me angryโ).
~์/์ด์ผ: in this expression, the preceding clause states the condition(s) necessary to realize the situation stated in the following clause (โIn order toโฆ, you have toโฆโ).
~๊ฑฐ๋ : this expression has a meaning of โif the statement (in the preceding clause) is actually true, thenโฆโ.
~(์ผ)ใด/๋ ๋ฐ๋ค๊ฐ or (์ผ)ใด/๋ ๋ฐ๋ค: this expression indicated that the action or state in the following clause occurs in addition to that stated in the preceding clause (โOn top ofโฆโ).
~์กฐ์ฐจ: this expression is used to express โnot only others but also the most primary oneโ and refers generally to extreme situations that the speaker did not expect or could not anticipate. (Ex: I donโt even know his name -> ๊ทธ ์ฌ๋ ์ด๋ฆ์กฐ์ฐจ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์).
~๋ง ํด๋: this expression is used when providing examples to explain a situstion or statement made previously (โeven justโฆโ)
~๋ง ํ๋ค: used with nouns denoting a size, number or amount, this expression indicates that the noun under discussion is approximately the same in size, amount or degree as the noun (โas โฆ asโ โโฆ is worth โฆโ).
~์๋ฌด + (์ด)๋/์๋ฌด + ๋: the word ์๋ฌด is used to express the not choosing of any specific thing in the sense of โanyโ (eg. anything, anyone).
~(์ด)๋: this expression is used to indicate that although something is not really oneโs first choice, it is fine as the second best option (โโฆ or somethingโ).
~(์ด)๋ผ๋: this expression is used to indicate the speakerโs choosing of something that will suffice even though it is not the best option among the available choices (โat leastโ โevenโ).
~๋ ์ง ~๋ ์ง: this expression is used when expression that any of the stated choices are fine (โwhether itโs โฆ or โฆโ).
~๋ง์: this expression is used to indicate that somthing occured a certain amount of time after a previous event occured (โin (the span of)โ).
~์/์ด ๊ฐ์ง๊ณ : this expression indicated the doing of the action in the following clause based on the result of completing the action in the preceding clause (โbecause ofโฆโ). It also expresses the speakerโs reason for a certain action or state of affairs.
~์/์ด๋ค๊ฐ: this expression indicates that the action in the following clause is done based on the result of first completing the action in the preceding clause (โdoโฆ then (based on that action) doโฆโ).
~๊ณ ์: this expression is used to indicate that the first action completed before the subsequent action stated (โI didโฆ and thenโฆโ).
~๊ณ ๋ณด๋(๊น): this expression is used to indicate that the speaker learned something new, discovered some new piece of information, or found out something was contrary to what was previously thought after some action or even occured (โSeeingโฆ I realized thatโฆโ).
~๋ค(๊ฐ) ๋ณด๋(๊น): this expression is used to indicate that the speaker learned something new after doing some action or behavior continuously from some time in the past, or that a certain situation has occured as a result of that behavior (โAfter doingโฆ (continuously), I realized thatโฆโ).
~๋ค(๊ฐ) ๋ณด๋ฉด: this expression indicates that if the action or behavior in the previous clause continues, then the result in the following clause will occur (โIf you keepโฆโ).
~๋๋: this expression is used when the speaker wants to refer to something directly seen or experimented in the past when describing how that thing has subsequently changed. (โThis wasโฆ but now it isโฆโ).
~์/์๋๋: this expression is used to indicate that something happened as a result of something the speaker did or said previously (โBecause Iโฆ [something happened]โ).
~๋ค๊ฐ๋: this expression is used to express the speakerโs view that if the action in the preceding clause continues, then an adverse result or state of affairs will occur in the future (โIf you keepโฆ [negative result] will occurโ).
~(์ผ)ใด/๋ ์
์ด๋ค: this expression is used when the speaker, after considering a number of possible situations, concludes that something could be considered more or less the same as the topic or subject that has been mentioned (โItโs almost as thoughโฆโ).
~์/์ด ๋๋ค or ~์/์ด ๋๋ค: these expressions are interchangeable and used to indicate either the continuation of a state after doing an action or the maintaining of a previous state of being.
~๋ต๋ค: it is attached to nouns and used to indicate that something has the qualities or characteristics of the noun (โโฆ-likeโ).
~(์ด)์ผ๋ง๋ก: this expression is used to strongly emphasize the meaning of the preceding noun, especially as a prime exemple among a number of other possible choices.
~๊ณ ๋ง๋ค: this expression refers to an unplanned event or action that continued until it was completed or thoroughly finished in a way undesired by the speaker (โ[something] ended upโฆโ).
~๋ ๋ง๋: this expression is used when doing the preceding action is of no value of use (โItโs of no useโฆโ).
~์/์ด ๋ดค์: this expression is used to indicate that thereโs no use even trying what is stated in the preceding clause or that doing so would not live up to expectations (โIt doesnโt matter if youโฆโ).
