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@jpnwithme
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[transcript under the cut]
Other advice posts that may be of interest:
How To Study When You Really Don’t Want To
Active Revision Techniques
How To Do Uni Readings
How to Revise BIG Subjects
Keep reading
JPN GRAMMAR: Number (+Counter) (ぐらい・くらい) は / Noun (だけ)は “At least)”
Source: Tobira Lesson 5
1. Meaning
At least
2. Structure
Number +(counter) は
Nだけは
N(ぐらい/くらい)は
3. Examples
1. 一週間に一回はプールで泳ぐようにしている。
2. 仕事が忙しくても、昼ご飯だけは食べて下さい。
3. 30人もパーティーに誘ったから、10人ぐらいは来てくれるだろう。
Image sources: 1, 2 (We Heart It)
hey everyone! it’s been a while since i last posted here. college has been a little crazy since this is my last semester :( how’s everyone doing?
I’m so bummed out, just realized now that I didn’t submit one of the two assignments that was due yesterday because we never have both kanji and grammar assignments due together, so I just assumed that the pages written there was for the former but it was actually referring to the grammar one. Shit. Assignments in this class are a huge percentage of your grade and you can’t submit late homework, not even for partial credit. At least it’s the first time this happens.
I just feel like this semester I’m making a lot of mistakes and maybe it’s just a reflection of my mental state. Or I am finally letting myself relax a little bit after being hard on myself for so long.

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heavens, I have a big Japanese chapter test tomorrow and I need to find the motivation to continue studying for it. send help please.
also, new followers, thanks for following! if you have any questions or post suggestions, please feel free to leave a comment :)
JPN Grammar: 〜など (non-exhaustive list)
Source: Tobira Lesson 2
〜など indicates that the given list is non-exhaustive. When more than one item is listed, や is commonly used to connect them.
1. Structure
N1 や N2 + など + particle(は・も・が・を・に・の・etc)
2. Examples
夏休みはギリシャやイギリスなどに行こうと思っています。
日本の食べ物の中ではすしや天ぷらなどが好きです。
今学期は日本語やアジアの歴史(れきし)などのクラスを取っています。
Image sources: 1, 2 (We Heart It)
JPN Grammar: 〜なければ(ならない・いけない)〜なくては(ならない・いけない)“Must/Have to”
Source: Tobira Lesson 2 and JLPT Sensei
These patterns express the idea of obligation. Although they are interchangeable, there is a subtle difference between ならない and いけない.
ならない: speaker stating their sense of obligation
いけない: sense of obligation directed towards the hearer
Obs.: To express the opposite, you can use 〜てはいけない (written) 〜ちゃいけない・じゃいけない (spoken)
1. Meaning
have to; must; should
2. Structure
verb + ない + 〜ければ・くては(ならない・いけない)
〜なければならない(Formal: なりません Spoken: なきゃならない)
〜なければいけない(Formal: いけません)
〜なくてはならない(Formal: なりません Spoken: なくちゃならない)
〜なくてはいけない(Formal: いけません)
3. Examples
早く寝なければならない。I must go to sleep early.
私も頑張らなければいけない。I have to do my best too.
本当にすぐは行かなくてはいけない。I really have to go soon.
日本語をもっと勉強しなくてはならない。I really need to study Japanese more.
調べなきゃならないことがあるから、図書館に行って来るよ。I'm going to the library because I have something to look up.
A: 今週末、何をしますか?B: 来週の月曜日にテストがありますから、今週末は勉強しなければならない。A: What are you going to do this weekend? B: I have a test next Monday so I have to study this weekend.
A: 週末に、となりの町で伝統的(でんとうてき)な祭り(まつり)があるんですが、行けませんか。B: 面白そうですね。でも、土曜日は教会に行かなければならないんです。日曜日でもいいですか。A: There is a traditional festival on the weekend in the neighboring town. Do you want to go? B: Sounds interesting. But I have to go to church on Saturday. Is Sunday okay?
Image sources: 1, 2 (We Heart It)
JPN Grammar: Adjective-stem + さ
Source: Tobira Lesson 1
The suffix さ is attached to the stem of an い-adjective or な-adjective to form a noun.
1. Meaning
-ness; -ty
2. Structure
adjective-stem + さ
広い→広さ
寒い→寒さ
元気→元気さ
便利→便利さ
(exception) いい→よさ
3. Examples
富士山の高さは3,776メートルです。
日本の携帯(けいたい)電話の便利さには、びっくりした。
この荷物の重さは何キロくらいでしょうか。
この話のよさが分からない人はいないと思います。
Image sources: 1, 2 (We Heart It)
JPN Grammar: noun {で/から}できる “to be made of/from”
Source: Tobira Lesson 1
{〜で/から}できる means “to be made of/from/out of”. から indicates that the material(s) from which something is made is not immediately obvious. できる is used in generic statements while できている is used when describing something specific.
1. Meaning
〜でできる = to be made of/be made out of
〜からできる = to be made from
2. Structure
noun は{で/から} {できる/できている}
3. Examples
チーズやヨーグルトは牛乳からできます。
プラスチックは石油(せきゆ)からできます。
ワインはぶどうからできますが、お酒はお米からできます。
この皿はプラスチックで、そして、このコップは紙でできている。
日本には木でできた家が多いが、その国の家はたいてい石でできている。
Image sources: 1, 2 (via @ellinorlofgren on IG)

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JPN Grammar: 〜回 (Frequency)
Source: Genki II Lesson 13.5, Tofugu
〜回 is a Japanese counter used to describe repetitive actions (“I skipped rope ten times”) and express the frequency of events over a period of time (“I shampoo three times a week”).
1. Structure:
“describe repetitive actions”
number of times + 〜回
“express the frequency of events over a period of time”
period に frequency 〜回
2. Examples:
“describe repetitive actions”
縄跳びを10回跳んだ。I skipped rope ten times.
スクワットを30回します。I'm going to do thirty squats.
“express the frequency of events over a period of time”
毎日2回お風呂に入ります。I take a bath twice every day.
More information: Tofugu
One of the questions I get asked the most often is “How do I make my Japanese more colloquial?” or “How do I sound more like a native?” There’s also a lot of discussion about “Textbook Japanese” versus Japanese you’ll hear while on the train, in line at the store, or out with friends.
This post is quite long and explanatory, so here is a list of what’s covered under the cut!
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Plain form 2. Dropping particles 3. です to だ 4. Sentence ending particle の 5. 〜ています → 〜ている → 〜てる 6. て form does not always equal command 7. じゃない & じゃん 8. と to って 9. さ 10. なんか 11. なんて
Continuar lendo
Expressing Your Emotions || 感情・かんじょう・Emotions Hey guys, today I’m going to list a couple different ways to express your emotions or feelings in conversation in Japanese! Adjectives・形容詞「けいようし」:
Amazing・凄い・すごい
Afraid・こわい
Bad・悪い・わるい
Difficult (emotionally)・辛い・つらい
Embarrassed・恥ずかしい・はずかしい
Fun・楽しい・たのしい
Happy・嬉しい・うれしい
Jealous・羨ましい・うらやましい
Sad・悲しい・かなしい
One adjective which might appear often in conversation is the word 「ヤバい・ヤバイ・やばい」which can be used to express a few different emotions depending on the context. I’ve heard it used to express both positive and negative emotions/feelings/thoughts like: dangerous, terrible, crap, awful, amazing, wow, cool. Nouns・名詞「めいし」:
Anger・怒り・いかり
Delight/Joy・喜び・よろこび
Emotions・感情・かんじょう
Feelings・気持ち・きもち
Feeling/Mood・気分・きぶん
Happiness・幸せ・しあわせ
Sadness・悲しみ・かなしみ
Examples・例「れい」:
Below I’m going to list a few examples of how to express your feelings in Japanese. It’s important to know that you don’t have to use 私は/僕は/俺は/etc. before stating your feeling because it’s obvious in the context that you’re expressing your own emotions!
Angry・Annoyed -
ひどい!・You’re awful/mean OR That’s awful!
ひどーーい!・You’re aaaawful! OR That’s aaaawful!
ムカつく!・むかつく!・I’m pissed off.
イライラする!・I’m irritated!
ウザイ・Annoying!
ちぇっ・チェ・tsk/Dang/Shoot
Confused -
どうしよう?・What am I gonna do?
Difficult -
辛い・つらい・It’s hard.
きつい・It’s hard.
Embarrassed -
あー、恥ずかしい!・あー、はずかしい!・I’m so embarrassed!
Happy -
嬉しい!・うれしい!・I’m happy!
嬉しいなあ!・うれしいなあ!・I’m so happy!
あー幸せ!・あーしあわせ!・I’m so happy!
やった〜!・Yay!
イェーイ!・Yaaay!
楽しい!・ How fun!
楽しすぎる !・Way too fun!
ワクワクする !・I’m getting excited!
わあ!・Wow!
すごい!・Wow/Great!
すごーい!・Woow!
すげえ!・Wow!
Jealous -
羨ましい!・うらやましい!・I’m jealous!
羨ましい―――!・うらやましいーーー!・I’m soooo jealous!
Nervous -
ドキドキする!・I feel nervous!
緊張する!・きんちょうする!・I’m nervous!
不安になる・ふあんになる・I’m anxious
Nostalgic -
懐かしい!・なつかしい!・This brings back memories.
Relieved -
安心した!・あんしんした!・I feel relieved.
よかった!・Whew!
あー、よかった!・I’m relieved!
Sad・Lonely -
悲しい!・かなしい!・I’m sad
泣きたくなる!・なきたくなる!・I feel like crying!
寂しい・さみしい/さびしい・I’m lonely
あーあ…・Oh well…
くすん・ぐすん・Sniffle
Scared -
びくびく・Symbolises being afraid or timid.
こわい!・I’m scared!
Shocked・Surprised -
うそ!・No way!
マジ?・まじ?・Really/No way/Seriously?
マジかー?・まじかー?・Really/No way/Seriously? (a little masculine)
マジで?・まじで?・Really?
えーー!うそ、マジで!?・What? No way!
え!・What?/Really?
えー!・What?/Really?
えーーっ!!・What?/Really?
うわー!・OMG
いや・イヤ・Why?/Oh
いややあー・Whyyy?
ありえない!・No way!/I can’t believe it!
信じられない!・しんじられない!・I can’t believe it!
皆さん、今どんな気持ち? Everyone, how are you feeling right now?
JPN Grammar: 〜なら
Source: Genki II Lesson 13.5
〜なら is used to express “limitation” or “contrast” in a sentence.
1. Structure:
noun (A) なら predicate (B)
B only applies to A
2. Examples:
ブラジルに行ったことがありますか。Have you ever been to Brazil? メキシコなら行ったことがありますが、ブラジルは行ったことがありません。I’ve been to Mexico, but I’ve never been to Brazil.
日本語が分かりますか。Do you understand Japanese? ひらがななら分かります。If it’s in hiragana, I understand.
JPN Grammar: 〜てみる
Source: Genki II Lesson 13.4
〜てみる is used to express the idea of “doing something tentatively” or “trying something”.
1. Structure:
It combines the て-form with みる, conjugated as a る-verb.
て-form + みる
2. Examples:
漢字がわからなかったので、日本人の友達に聞いてみました。Because I could not understand the kanji, I tried asking my Japanese friend about it.
友達があの店のケーキをおいしいと言っていましたから、今度食べてみます。I heard from my friend that the cake from this store is good, so I will go try it someday soon.

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JPN Grammar: 〜そうです (It Looks Like...)
Source: Genki II Lesson 13.3
Intermediate Japanese Review Day 2 & 3/15
Used to express an impression or inference based on direct observation. Equivalent to “it looks like” or “it seems like”.
1. Structure:
い adjectives: おいしい → おいしいそうです・おいしくなさそうです
exception: いい → よさそうです・よくなさそうです
な adjectives: 元気(な) → 元気そうです・元気じゃなさそうです (drop な)
2. Examples:
Affirmative:
このりんごはおいしいそうです。This apple looks delicious.
明日は天気がよさそうです。It looks like the weather will be fine tomorrow.
メアリーさんは元気そうでした。Mary looked fine.
Negative:
この本は難しくなさそうです。This book doesn’t look difficult.
ともこさんはテニスが上手じゃなさそうです。It looks like Tomoko isn’t good at tennis.
3. Qualifying a noun: adjective + そうな
そう can be used after an adjective to qualify a noun. そう is a な adjective, thus it is written as そうな.
暖かそうなセーターを着ています。She is wears a warm-looking sweater.
For more information: PuniPuni Japan
JPN Grammar: 〜し Structure
Source: Genki II Lesson 13.2
Intermediate Japanese Review Day 1/15
から is used to give a reason for something. When you want to express two or more reasons for something, you use the 〜し structure.
(reason 1*) し、(reason 2*) し、 (situation)。
*predicate in short form.
Sentence examples:
1. 日本語はおもしろいし、先生はいいし、私は日本語の授業が大好きです。I really like my Japanese class because Japanese language is interesting and my teacher is good.
2. 家族から手紙を来たし、彼と電話で話したし、昨日はとてもいい日でした。Yesterday was a great day because I received a letter from my family and I talked with my boyfriend on the phone.
Observation: In the present tense, だ is added before 〜し for な adjectives and nouns, but not for い adjectives.
い adjectives: おもしろいし
な adjectives: 好きだし
noun + です: 先生だし
You can also use just one 〜し clause, implying that this is not the only reason for the situation.
Sentence examples:
1. 物価が安いし、この町の生活楽です。Life in this city is easygoing. For one, things are cheap.