Jenmariiah

Hello friends, so my bf stumbled across this resource for grammar recently and I wanted to share it with you all! The pdfs are grouped by levels and they include some exercises too. They’re provided by the VHS Passau and can be downloaded for free.

Here are the direct links to the pdfs:

A1

A2

B1

B2

C1

Their website with some more resources can be found here.

Hope this helps you guys!

If you can`t make your own examples to a grammar rule, you don`t know this grammar rule.

Learning words without context is almost useless. You may repeat something like “road” or “deeply” millions of times and still forgetting them in the most important situations. Memorize phrases instead. e. g. “I crossed the road” and “to be deeply ashamed”.

Prioritize. There are almost 500 000 words in the English language and even more in some non-European languages. If you decide to learn 5 words a day, you`ll need a shitload of time to cover at least the third of the whole vocabulary. So, know precisely what words are the most frequent and the most important for you personally.

No, you won`t learn a language by listening to songs ONLY.

If your level of knowledge is Intermediate or higher, you don`t need the fucking subtitles. Well, in the beginning, you will have a terrible headache and doubts about the whole thing, but every video will be making you a little better. You`ll slowly get used to the accents and intonation. It`ll stop to sound like the endless phrase without any pauses. Just give yourself some time.

Translation from the native language to the target language is useless (if you`re not going to become an interpreter). Write the short texts in your target language instead.

Forget about boring topics from the textbooks. Argue with somebody in the comment section under your fav YouTube videos. Try to persuade me that the Earth is flat (I know it`s insane, but you`ll remember it much better than writing the essay “The current problems of ecology”). Rewrite your own posts. Write down 15 phrases do describe Donald Trump. I mean… Everything is better than a standard way of learning that doesn`t express your inner self. 

Check the pronunciation of ALL the words. ALL the time. Your intuition is a great tool. However, it doesn`t cure all the irregular cases. Just look at English words “daughter” and “laughter”, “head” and “heat”, “though” and “thought”. They look almost similar but they sound in ABSOLUTELY different ways. There`s a possibility that your target language also has a lot of such cases. Just spend few seconds on looking at the transcriptions. It doesn`t hurt, I promise.

hello hello hellooooo! (or bonjour bonjour bonjouuuur, I must say!)

okay, i’ve had a few messages about learning French soooo I’ve created this masterpost on studying foreign languages! I’ve been learning the French language since I was four and I am now studying French at Higher level and hope this post helps a lot of you!

please note!!!!!!: like any other skill, it takes a lot of dedication and effort to learn a language. it won’t be easy but if you practice a little everyday you will be totally fine!! i’m here if anyone needs a hand x 

reasons to learn another wonderful language

∙        you make lovely friends when u go abroad

∙        it’s like speaking a secret language cause you might be the only one in your friendship group/family that know the language

∙        you can curse under your breath without ur parents knowing??? hahaha bonus

∙        uhhhh it’s fun?

∙        u can get a better job

∙        it makes u feel pretty awesome when you go abroad and understand things

∙        improves your first language (grammar etc. etc. etc.)

∙        gain respect for someone elses culture

∙        u can move/live abroad

∙        the opportunity to do more things abroad with ur extra language skill

∙        there are loads more reasons but it would take up the whole post:)))

so u wanna teach yourself??

∙        bbc languages - choose from 40 languages to self-teach

∙        duolingo - good ole’ duolingo is an amazing smartphone app (and u can use it on ur laptop etc) that lets you teach yourself a language

∙        languages online - more grammar based work on languages that you can do yourself

∙        babbel - online lessons on learning a foreign language - there are 14 to choose from (you get a trial but after that i think you have to pay)

∙        hellotalk - an amazing app on your phone that allows you to speak to people in your target language and you can help them learn English etc. it’s a win win situation guys

∙        101languages – amazing site. just visit it. okay thank u!

∙        polyglot club – meet people just like u who are wanting to learn language!! fun right???

∙        youtube – there are loaaaaads of channels on youtube which help you to learn a language. check out some of these :)))

∙        digital dialects – games based activities for over 70+ languages to choose from to begin learning

∙        forvo – basically this is a dictionary but it pronounces the words for u

∙        lyrics training – this is mainly European languages but you are to fill in the gaps from songs :))

∙        babadum – one of my favourite websites! You can pick and choose which languages you learn, it’s great

∙        livemocha – you can learn and teach people languages

∙        memrise – a fun way to learn vocab

  specific languages

-          spanish

∙       udemy – learn spanish (beginners)

∙       spanishdict

∙       mi vida loca – spanish course for beginners – it’s pretty good!

∙       spanish with paul (youtuber)

∙       fluencia

∙       spanish radio stations

  -          french

∙        bonjour – learn french using this site!! it’s brilllll

∙        francolab

∙        français interactif

∙        vogue – read the French edition of Vogue for reading practice

∙        comme le francais (youtuber) – I watch these videos regularly! They are so helpful with grammar and vocab

∙        ls french

∙        french radio stations

  -          german

∙       deutsch lernen- online lessons on German

∙       der die das – phone app which helps you learn noun genders

∙       mission berlin - german adventure game which helps with vocab

∙       german connection – kids vocab games

∙       germanpod101

∙       german  (duolingo) – everyoneeee knows duolingo, its basically a handy little app that lets u learn loads of languages

  -          russian

∙       russian lessons – videos and activities on learning all things russian

∙       dictionary (russian)

∙       quizlet – revision, games, flashcards and tests on russian

∙       master russian - various activities/topics in russian

∙       bbc: a guide to russian – website to teach you the basics of russian

∙       learn russian

  -          chinese

∙       mandarin lessons –audio clips provided to help u learn chinese??

∙       bbc: learn chinese – website to teach you the basics of chinese/mandarin?? (sorry I don’t speak it)

∙       chinese tools

∙       digital dialects (Chinese) – vocab games

∙       hello world – games to help you learn mandarin

  -          arabic

∙       my easy arabic - learn basic Arabic (including alphabet and vocab)

∙       salaam arabic – beginner or intermediate levels of learning :)))

∙       madinah arabic – online courses in Arabic! They also offer a free 1-hour tutoring session via. Skype

∙       Haliae’s Arabic masterpost - @rockinspired.tumblr.com

    other language masterposts

∙        areistotle - omg i am in love with basically all her masterposts but this is her ‘foreign language learning’ one, it is fab-u-lous!

∙        z-co - this is a masterpost and a half!!

∙        romancing the languages – variety of language resources can be found here!!

∙        language adventurer – maaaaaassiiiiiive language resources masterpost :)))))) I loooove this!

∙        les langues sont ma vie – masterpost of helpful websites to use when studying languages! it is huuuuuge

  extras??? Who doesn’t love those??

·          aesthetically pleasing notes- rewrite notes as revision and make them pretty. it makes them easier to read/come back to

·          listen to the radio (in your target language) – to listen to French, I personally listen to Ado FM (it has the right balance between English and French music/speech)

·          take a break – learning a language takes time remember!! u r constantly learning so chill out sometimes :))

∙       word reference – rather than using Google Translate, try using this app because it tends to be more accurate and requires you to put in a little bit more effort. like a dictionary, only its electronic??? if that makes sense

Forget overpriced schools, long days in a crowded classroom, and pitifully poor results.

These websites and apps cover myriads of science, art, and technology topics.

They will teach you practically anything, from making hummus to building apps in node.js, most of them for free.

There is absolutely no excuse for you not to master a new skill, expand your knowledge, or eventually boost your career.

You can learn interactively at your own pace and in the comfort of your own home. It’s hard to imagine how much easier it can possibly be.

Honestly, what are you waiting for?

Take an online course

edX — Take online courses from the world’s best universities.

Coursera — Take the world’s best courses, online, for free.

Coursmos — Take a micro-course anytime you want, on any device.

Highbrow — Get bite-sized daily courses to your inbox.

Skillshare — Online classes and projects that unlock your creativity.

Curious — Grow your skills with online video lessons.

lynda.com — Learn technology, creative and business skills.

CreativeLive — Take free creative classes from the world’s top experts.

Udemy — Learn real world skills online.

Learn how to code

Codecademy — Learn to code interactively, for free.

Stuk.io — Learn how to code from scratch.

Udacity — Earn a Nanodegree recognized by industry leaders.

Platzi — Live streaming classes on design, marketing and code.

Learnable — The best way to learn web development.

Code School — Learn to code by doing.

Thinkful — Advance your career with 1-on-1 mentorship.

Code.org — Start learning today with easy tutorials.

BaseRails — Master Ruby on Rails and other web technologies.

Treehouse — Learn HTML, CSS, iPhone apps & more.

One Month — Learn to code and build web applications in one month.

Dash — Learn to make awesome websites.

Learn to work with data

DataCamp — Online R tutorials and data science courses.

DataQuest — Learn data science in your browser.

DataMonkey — Develop your analytical skills in a simple, yet fun way.

Learn new languages

Duolingo — Learn a language for free.

Lingvist — Learn a language in 200 hours.

Busuu — The free language learning community.

Memrise — Use flashcards to learn vocabulary.

Expand your knowledge

TED-Ed — Find carefully curated educational videos

Khan Academy — Access an extensive library of interactive content.

Guides.co — Search the largest collection of online guides.

Squareknot — Browse beautiful, step-by-step guides.

Learnist — Learn from expertly curated web, print and video content.

Prismatic — Learn interesting things based on social recommendation.

Bonus

Chesscademy — Learn how to play chess for free.

Pianu — A new way to learn piano online, interactively.

ENGLISH & ESSAYS - lit, lang, essays

ap lit

english literature masterpost

english literature tips

ap literature reading list

literature masterpost

ap lang

how to study for the ap lang exam

ap language and composition

another ap lang mp 

essays

a guide to outlining essays

academic writing resources

writing last minute essays ​

SOCIAL SCIENCES - hug, gov, econ, ush, euro, world

ap hug

ap human geography

another ap hug masterpost

ap hug masterpost

tackling ap human geography

ap gov

how to do well in ap gov

ap govt and politics resources

ap gov and politics

ap gov resources

youtube ap gov review

ap econ

ap macro econ sheets

how to survive ap economics

lets get economical

ap ush

how to procrastinate for the apush exam

apush resources

ap us history masterpost

another apush masterpost

all the topics u need to know for apush 

ap world

ap world history

ap world masterpost

how to study ap world history

one more world masterpost

ap euro

ap euro masterpost

ap euro crunch time

european history masterpost

ap euro tips

SCIENCES - comp sci, psych, chem, physics

computer science

pltw masterpost

coding masterpost

typing masterpost

coding online

learn to code

how to study for computer science

psychology

ap psychology: a masterpost

teach urself psychology n neuroscience

more psychology

ap psych resources

masterpost of psych notes

ap psychology

chemistry

how to organic chemistry ​

science resources

another org chem masterpost

ap chemistry

high school chemistry cheat sheet 

chemistry resource masterpost

ap chemistry masterpost 

chemistry resources 

physics

physics links

studying for ap physics

ap physics 1

ap physics c

physics resoures and links

MATHEMATICS - algebra, precalc, calculus, general

algebra

algebra 2

algebra masterpost

precalc

precalculus review

resources for precalc

precalculus masterpost

calculus

how to study calculus ​

mega calculus masterpost

ap calculus formula sheets

general

how to study math

complete math masterpost ​

NON ENGLISH LANGUAGES - specifics, general

specific

spanish resources masterpost

spanish resources

swedish resources masterpost

italian learning

learning turkish masterpost

beginning with japanese

japanese masterpost

german learning tools

romanian masterpost

learn hebrew in 200 words

learning latin

french masterpost

a french masterpost

chinese masterpost

learn korean  

general

languages dictionary masterpost

how to learn languages

languages masterpost

what to do after duolingo

how to learn a language knowing the basics

MASTERPOSTS OF MASTERPOSTS

masterpost of everything

studyblr resources

the really big studying masterpost

masterpost of masterposts

study masterlists

the imperfect guide on ap classes

ap cram packets

MISCELLANEOUS - art, printables, apps, organizing

art

mini art guide

paper recommendations

how to survive ap studio art

fifty ways to improve ur artwork

helpful (art related) websites

useful art masterpost

printables

printables masterpost

another masterpost

how to make a printable

apps / websites

websites u didnt kno

study apps n websites

organization

cleaning out binders

time management stuff 

how to be more organized

close this tab, turn off your phone, pause netflix, put your distractions in another room if possible

get up and jump around a little, stretch your muscles!!

write a to do list (quick and concise- no messing around!)

change your environment if you can

take your earphones out unless they’re absolutely necessary (music is great but it is a distraction!!! this sucks, i know!)

go have a pee, wash your hands with cool water, splash some on your face (cold water, not pee)

get a glass of water, eat a fucking apple

gET OUT YOUR BOOKS

GET A PEN AND SOME PAPER

DO YOUR FUCKING WORK!!!

nobody can stop you from procrastinating except yourself

be PROACTIVE and do it yourself!!

you can stop procrastinating by stopping procrastinating!

rip off the band aid and just do your fucking work

YOU HAVE TO FORCE YOURSELF

you can chill later- you’ll feel 6000000% better about letting yourself relax once you’ve actually done some work

seriously, you just have to do it

Hallo German Study Buddies, I recently completed a topic about Gleichberechtigung zwischen Frauen und Männern (Equality between women and men) and I thought I would share some vocabulary.

This has honestly been the most interesting topic I’ve learnt about in German because I actually got to gain a deeper insight into the oppression of women in developing countries, whilst expanding my German vocabulary to be able to talk about these deep and contemporary issues! 

Enjoy!

Zitat / Quote : Bildung für Frauen bedeutet es wird mit der Menschheit aufwärts gehen. 

Nouns: der Ehrenmord – the honour killing der Aktivist / die Aktivistin – the activist der Mangel an Bildung – the lack of education der Respekt vor Frauen – the respect for women der Sexismus – the sexism die Gleichberechtigung – the equality die Ermächtigung – the empowerment die Diskriminierung gegen Frauen – the discrimination against women die Kinderbetreuung – the care of children die Vergewaltigung – the rape die häusliche Gewalt – the domestic violence die sexistische Einstellung – the sexist attitude die Gewalt gegen Mädchen – the violence against girls die Zwangsehe – the arranged marriage die Ehre – the honour die Unterdrückung – the oppression die klassische Rollenverteilung – the classic sharing of roles die abfälligen Kommentare – the derogatory comments die Aufstiegschancen – the opportunities to be promoted die Mutterrolle – the role as a mother die Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf – the compatibility of family and a career das Frauenrecht – the woman’s right das heikle Thema – a controversial topic das veraltete Rollenbild – the old stereotype das Recht auf Bildung – the right for education 

Adjetives: empörend – outrageous   drigend – urgent  grausam – cruel  alarmierend – alarming  engstirnig – narrow-minded  bedenklich – worrying / questionable  gleichberechtigt – equal der unterschwillige Sexismus – the subtle sexism 

Phrases: Es muss aufhören – it needs to stop mit gutem Beispiel vorangehen – to lead with a good example gegen ihren Willen – against their will   

Sentences / Quotes: Bildung ist der einzige Weg aus der Dunkelheit – education is the only way out of the darkness  Das Rollenbild, das Frauen vor allem verantwortlich nur für die Familie und Kinder, muss noch weiter in der Zukunft überdacht werden – The stereotype that women are responsible above all for the family and the children, needs to be reconsidered in the future. Frauen werden wie Menschen zweiter Klasse behandelt. – Women are treated like second class citizens   Frauen sind genau so geeignet. – Women are just as equiped Frauen werden als Objekte betrachtet. – Women are objectified Frauen werden wertgeschätzt. – Women are valued Frauen werden unterschätzt. – Women are undervalued Frauen könnten neben der Kinderbetreuung eine Karriere schaffen - Women could also have a career alongside taking care of children Wir müssen Leute ermutigen, mehr zu tun und engagierter zu sein. - We need to encourage people to do more and be more engaged

EDITED x Thank you to everyone who’s helped me with edits! 

Folgen Sie uns auf YouTube

Folgen Sie uns auf YouTube

HOW TO WRITE A HIGH-GRADE RESEARCH PAPER

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

The first time I had to write a research paper for university was one of the most stressful experiences I’d ever had - it was so different to anything I’d ever done before and caused me so much anxiety! It turned out that I’m pretty damn good at writing research reports and I’m now looking to pursue a career in psychological research. 

I have never received less than a First (or 4.0 GPA for you American studiers) in my research papers so I thought I’d share my top tips on how to write a kick-ass, high-grade research paper.

*disclaimer: I am a psychology student, my tips are based on my personal experience of writing up psychological research (quantitative and qualitative); therefore, they may require some adaptation in order to be applied to your field of study/research*

These tips will be split up into the different sections a research paper should consist of: abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion.

ABSTRACT

The aim of an abstract is to summarise your whole paper - it should be concise, include key-words, highlight the key points of your paper and be written last.

When I say concise, I mean concise! The abstract is what other students and researchers will read in order to decide whether your research is relevant their own work and essentially determines whether or not they’ll read on - they want to know the key details and don’t want to be overwhelmed with information.

I always aim to keep my abstracts under 250 words. I set myself this limit to stop myself waffling and dwelling on unimportant points, it helps me to be really selective of what I include and ensures I’m gripping the reader from the start.

Your abstract should discuss the research rationale, the methods and designs used, your results and the general conclusion(s) drawn. One or two sentences on each of these topics is enough.

Make sure you’re using key-words throughout your abstract as this will also help the reader decide whether your work is relevant to theirs. You can make key-words super obvious by highlighting them in a key at the bottom of your abstract (see below) or just used jargon consistently. Using key-words is also important if you’re looking to get your work published, these words will help people find your work using search engines.

Finally, write your abstract last! An abstract is a summary of your whole research paper which makes it practically impossible to write well first. After writing the rest of your paper, you will know your research inside and out and already have an idea of what key things you need to highlight in your abstract.

INTRODUCTION

For me, the introduction section is always the most intimidating to write because it’s like painting on a blank canvas - massively daunting and leaving you terrified to make a mistake!

The aim of an introduction is to provide the rationale for your research and justify why your work is essential in the field. In general, your introduction should start very broad and narrow down until you arrive at the niche that is your research question or hypothesis.

To start, you need to provide the reader with some background information and context. You should discuss the general principle of your paper and include some key pieces of research (or theoretical frameworks if relevant) that helps your reader get up to speed with the research field and where understanding currently lies. This section can be pretty lengthy, especially in psychological research, so make sure all of the information you’re including is vital as it can be pretty easy to get carried away.

This background should lead you onto the rationale. If you’ve never written a research paper before, the rationale is essentially the reason behind your own research. This could be building on previous findings so our understanding remains up to date, it could be picking up on weaknesses of other research and rectifying these issues or it could be delving into an unexplored aspect of the field! You should clearly state your rationale and this helps lead into the next section.

You should end your introduction by briefly discussing your current research. You need to state your research question or hypothesis, how you plan on investigating the question/hypothesis, the sample you plan on using and the analysis you plan to carry out. You should also mention any limitations you anticipate to crop up so you can address these in your discussion.

In psychology, references are huge in research introductions so it is important to use an accurate (and modern as possible) reference for each statement you are making. You can then use these same references in your discussion to show where your research fits into the current understanding of the topic!

METHODS

Your methods section should make use of subheadings and tables where necessary and should be written in past tense. This can make the (potentially) lengthy section easier to navigate for the reader. I usually use the following headings: participants, materials, design, procedure.

The participants section should describe the sample that took part in your research. Age, gender, nationality and other relevant demographic information should be provided as well as the sampling technique. Personally, I use a table (see below) alongside my continuous prose as an alternative way of viewing my sample population. Please note, if you’re using a table make sure it adheres to your university guidelines.

The materials section of your methods should include any equipment, resources (i.e. images, books, diagrams) or any other materials used in your data collection. You should also reference the program that helped you conduct your analysis. For example, if you are writing a qualitative research paper, you may want to include Microsoft Word in your materials if you use the program to transcribe interviews.

You should then describe the design used in your research. All variables should be identified in this paragraph, if relevant. You should also discuss whether your research is within-groups or between-groups, again only if relevant.

Last is your procedure section - the most important one! You must write this section with enough detail so that anybody could pick it up, read it and conduct the same experiment with ease. You should describe what participants were required to do, how data was collected and it should be written in chronological order! While it’s important to provide enough information, try not to overwhelm the reader with lengthy sentences and unnecessary information.

RESULTS

Your results section’s sole purpose is to provide the reader with the data from your study. It should be the second shortest section (abstract being first) in your research paper and should stick to the relevant guidelines in regards to reporting figures, tables and diagrams. Your goal is to relay results in the most objective and concise way possible.

Your results section serves to act as evidence for the claims you’ll go on to make during your discussion but you must not be biased in the results you report. You should report enough data to sufficiently justify your conclusions but must also include data that doesn’t support your original hypothesis or research question. 

Reporting data is most easily done through tables and figures as they’re easy to look at and select relevant information. If you’re using tables and figures you should always make sure you’re stating effect sizes and p values and to a consistent decimal place. Illustrative tables and figures should always be followed by supporting summary text consisting of a couple of sentences relaying the key statistical findings in continuous prose.

DISCUSSION

The discussion section should take the opposite approach to your introduction! You should start discussing your own research and broaden the discussion until you’re talking about the general research field.

You should start by stating the major findings of your study and relating them back to your hypothesis or research questions. You must must must explicitly state whether you reject or accept your experimental hypothesis, if you have one. After stating your key findings you should explain the meaning, why they’re important and where they fit into the existing literature. It’s here that you should bring back the research you discussed in your introduction, you should relate your findings to the current understanding and state the new insight your research provides.

You should then state the clinical relevance of your research. Think about how your findings could be applied to real-life situations and discuss one or two practical applications.

After this, discuss the limitations of your research. Limitations could include sample size and general sample population and how this effects generalisability of findings, it could include methodological problems or research bias! These limitations will allow you to discuss how further research should be conducted. Suggest ways in which these limitations could be rectified in future research and also discuss the implications this could have on findings and conclusions drawn.

Finally, you need to give the reader a take-home message. A sentence or two to justify (again) the need for your research and how it contributes to current understanding in the field. This is the last thing your audience will read so make it punchy!

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

That’s it folks! My tips for writing a kick-ass, high-grade research paper based on my personal experience. If you have any questions regarding things I’ve missed or didn’t provide enough detail of, then please just send me an ask!