Russian soldiers preparing chlorine cylinders for a gas attack on German positions near Ilukste, 1916

Since 1918 he was in the Volunteer Army (White army) and participated in the Ice March. He was serving as Second Lieutenant in the Kornilov shock division, and was wounded twice. In 1919 he returned to his homeland Latvia but was enlistend in the North-Western Army the same year. In December 1919 he transfered to the Rifle Division of the 5th Infantry Division. He survived the civil war and emigrated to Germany. In 1938 he was arrested by Gestapo for criticizing Nazi policies and was imprisoned in the Dachau concentration camp. After the end of the war he stayed and lived in Germany for the rest of his life together with his family.

Estonian soldiers with British 18 pound guns during the Estonian War of Independence / Russian civil war.

The White Guard

Red guards

Banner ceremony for the Czechoslovak Legion, February 22, 1919, Yekaterinburg.

Russian photographers, 1915

The armored train Zaamurets

Cossacks in Kielce during the Russian offensive in Galicia, October 1914.

Brusilov and Kaledin interrogating troops, August 1916

Officers of the White guard during the Russian civil war

39th Tomsk Infantry Regiment

Priest with the Tomsk Infantry Regiment, 1916

Don cossacks fighting for the Red army during the Russian civil war.

Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan

Officers of the White guard

Commander of the Petrograd Military District, General L. G. Kornilov March 13, 1917 at the Winter Palace