IOT SENSOR 16

The IoT consists of several technological layers which all play a role in the route from simply connecting ‘things’ and IoT devices to building applications that serve a clear goal, whether it’s for consumer applications or industry-grade IoT projects.

- What is IoT technology? The IoT technology stack

-  IoT devices and connected physical things.

   1. IoT devices : sensors

   2. IoT devices : actuators

  3. ioT gateways : devices on the intersection of devices/data and IoT platforms

Top 15 Sensor Types being used in IoT

ll this collected data makes it possible for devices to autonomously function, and the whole ecosystem is becoming “smarter” every day. By combining a set of sensors and a communication network, devices share information with one another and are improving their effectiveness and functionality.

Bringing IoT intelligence closer to IoT sensors

Before we can begin to see the importance of IoT, it is first necessary to understand the differences between the Internet and the World Wide Web (or web)—terms that are often used interchangeably. The Internet is the physical layer or network made up of switches, routers, and other equipment. Its primary function is to transport information from one point to another quickly, reliably, and securely. The web, on the other hand, is an application layer that operates on top of the Internet. Its primary role is to provide an interface that makes the information flowing across the Internet usable.

IoT as a Network of Networks

Currently, IoT is made up of a loose collection of disparate, purpose-built networks. Today’s cars, for example, have multiple networks to control engine function, safety features, communications systems, and so on. Commercial and residential buildings also have various control systems for heating, venting, and air conditioning (HVAC); telephone service; security; and lighting. As IoT evolves, these networks, and many others, will be connected with added security, analytics, and management capabilities. This will allow IoT to become even more powerful in what it can help people achieve.

The Specifications view

The specifications view captures the final translation of the various viewpoints described above as part of the IoT Reference Architecture into ground-level deployment. It crystallize the functional requirements and specific technology choices identified earlier into detailed specification definitions that describe how all the selected components must be linked to work together. A sample specifications view is shown in figure below. Together, all the myriad viewpoints that comprise the Deloitte IoT Reference Architecture form an end-to-end blueprint for realizing an IoT system from strategy through implementation.

The IoT implementation view

 The implementation view delves deeper into specific technology choices and the vendor solutions that are used to deploy those choices. It leverages the high-level component view from the functional architecture to frame the specific system implementation.

IoT Usage View

The usage view sets up the technical solution by describing the user’s journey through all the steps of the use case being implemented. This view would include the key actors, that may be users and/or machines, and the activities involved. Te usage view also describes the use case from the point of view of user needs and system capabilities. The figure below illustrates a typical IoT use in a brick-and-mortar store.

Factors driving adoption within the IoT

There are three primary factors driving the deployment of sensor technology: price, capability, and size. As sensors get less expensive, “smarter,” and smaller, they can be used in a wider range of applications and can generate a wider range of data at a lower cost.

> Cheaper Sensor

> Smarter sensors

> Smaller Sensors

Temperature sensor

Of course, the choice of a specific sensor is primarily a function of the signal to be measured (for example, position versus motion sensors). There are, however, several generic factors that determine the suitability of a sensor for a specific application. These include, but are not limited to, the following:

1. Accuracy

2. Repeat-ability

3. Range

4. Noise

5. Resolution

6. Selectivity 

Type of sensors 

Sensors are often categorized based on their power sources : active versus passive. Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) is an example of active sensing: A RADAR unit emits an electromagnetic signal that bounces off a physical object and is “sensed” by the RADAR system. Passive sensors simply receive energy (in whatever form) that is produced external to the sensing device. A standard camera is embedded with a passive sensor—it receives signals in the form of light and captures them on a storage device. 

Sensor

What is IoT ?