short introduction because I donāt really feel like saying too much information about myself :)
ā You can refer to me as Fidelita. My pronouns are she/her and I speak both Spanish and English.
ā Iām still learning about Marxism so any book recommendations are welcome! :)
ā I really like the Cuban revolution and Iām always trying to learn about it. I plan on sharing stuff I find interesting while researching, photos or videos and maybe art (even though I never finish my drawings š). I also edit but Iām very lazy LOL.
ā Iām also interested in Punk history and some of my favorite bands are Black Flag, The Damned and Dead Kennedys, but I also love the Washington D.C. scene from the 80s (Teen Idles, Bad Brains, Minor Threat, S.O.A., Government Issueā¦)
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š Che Guevara had developed asthma, as it ran on his motherās side, and developed it while catching a cold after swimming. Due to his asthma him and his family lived in Alta Gracia-a northern part of Argentina, as it had a dry climate, and many individuals with asthma lived there for that particular reason.
š Che was a very active track and field and rugby athlete. His rugby team, Estudiantes, which Alberto Granado coached. Grando would become an important friend of his as he joined Che during his motorcycle diaries and shared interests in books and medicine!
š Che was in love with his cousinā¦ Carmen Cordova Iturburu de la Serna as they shared an interest in poetry!
Quote: āShe often stayed in the Guevarasā home, where she recalled romantic interludes with Ernesto on the stairwell, talking āof literatureā¦ and of love because, as often happens between cousins, we too had our idyll. Ernesto was so handsome!ā āĀ
š When Che was about 13-14, he and his friends accidentally saw N@z!'s doing secret operations at a hotel.
Quote: āThrough an open window, said Bidlinosd, they caught a glimpse of a couple men busy at āa long table with lots of metal boxes and thingsā But before they could see more, their presence was detected. āThey heard us, someone came out with lanterns, and fired two shots at us. We left and never returned.ā
Source: Che by Jon Lee Anderson
Heyyy Comrades! I hope you liked this post, sooo I've been wondering what the communist community would like to see. Perhaps things such as addressing theory questions or more facts about your favourite revolutionaries!
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I thought this was an interesting fact as it anticipates the fearless comandante Che Guevara that would soon be created during the Cuban Revolution. By demonstrating an interest in a military tatic, mapping, which would later become handy in the Cuban Revolution.
"He had come at Che's request so we would have a cartographer's assistance in the in the final preparations for the capture of Santa Clara. He was planning the best direction which to attack the town."
A los jĆ³venes comunistas Guevara decĆa: āĀ«El estudio, el trabajo y el fusil.Ā» Es decir, mantener siempre como tres banderas esa consigna de tres palabras, porque las tres tienen importancia en cada momento. Y para poder mantener nuestro derecho a vivir y a hablar con la autoridad de paĆs revolucionario, tenemos que tener las tres: el trabajo, dirigiendo la construcciĆ³n del socialismo; el estudio, para ir profundizando cada vez mĆ”s nuestros conocimientos y nuestra capacidad de actuar; y el fusil, obviamente, para defender la RevoluciĆ³n.
Okay this is a very mini piece of writing! It doesn't really go into depth at all and my writing is not very good, so I am sorry.
The Russian Orthodox Church and Stalin
Joseph Vissarionovich Jugashvili āStalinā was born on 18 December 1878 in Gori, Georgia to a working class Georgian Orthodox family. Stalinās mother, Ekaterine Geladze, sent the boy to Gori Church School, with hopes that her son would become a priest. He later attended seminary on a scholarship for five years: from age fifteen to age twenty. The seminary was where Stalin began his revolutionary activities, and according to Stalin himself, he ācould not stand the Jesuitic repression and martinet intolerance of the Orthodox seminary where he spent some years,ā and that was why he became a revolutionary. Stalin was expelled from the seminary for harboring āviews dangerous to Tsardom.ā He remained a staunch atheist for the rest of his life, and once told a childhood friend, āYou know, they are fooling us, there is no Godā¦.Iāll lend you a book to read; it will show you that the world and all living things are quite different from what you imagine, and all this talk about God is sheer nonsense,ā but a complicated relationship with the Russian Orthodox Church remained with him.
Before the Great Patriotic War, Russiaās entry point into the Second World War, āanti-religion propaganda flourishedā in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Under Lenin, the church was fully separated from the state. Religion was forbidden to be taught in schools, but religious subjects could be taught and studied privately. Religion was in no way fully outlawed; in fact religious freedom was declared in Leninās Decree on Separation of Church and State in 1918, and religious practices that did not disturb the rights of other citizens were also allowed. However, religion was still heavily discouraged and many religious leaders were not happy with the Soviet stateās confiscation of the Russian Orthodox Churchās property, which led to a great amount of violence and the suppression of devout Russian Orthodox Christians who disagreed with it. This dynamic continued under Stalin until, as I alluded to, the Great Patriotic War.
In 1941, Operation Barbarossa, the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and its allies, was the Soviet Unionās entry point into the Second World War, or the Great Patriotic War. With it came great suffering for the Soviet people. Nazi Germany began opening churches in occupied territories in an attempt to win over faithful Orthodox Christians. Franklin D. Roosevelt threatened to withdraw economic and military support if Stalin did not grant more religious freedoms to the Soviets. The Allies continuously pushed the Soviet Union on this matter and in 1942, a book called The Truth About Religion in Russia was sent to the Archbishop on Canterbury. It claimed that the Church did lose many members due to the revolution, but only because āall artificial barriers that forced people to remain in the body of the Church were abolished and all nominal churchmen left us.ā Consequently, in 1943, Stalin reinstituted the Russian Orthodox Church. Stalin met with three Russian Orthodox hierarchs and allowed clergy to practice religious services, celebrate Christian holidays, and promised to reopen monasteries that had been confiscated and release imprisoned Russian Orthodox priests. The Russian Orthodox Church was allowed to elect a new Patriarch of Moscow and of All of Russia, a role that had historically been chosen by the Tsar. The new patriarch, Patriarch Sergius I, wrote to Stalin after the meeting, āIn each of your wordsā¦ we felt the heart that burns with paternal love for all his children... The Russian Orthodox Church venerates you feeling with your heart that it lives together with all Russian people, by the will to victory and sacred duty to sacrifice anything for the sake of the Motherland. God save you for years to come, dear Iosif Vissaronovich.ā
Stalin did not reinstitute the Church for any personal reasons or religious convictions of his own. The Soviet Union remained an atheist state. But reinstituting the Church was an important task if he wanted to win the war and defeat Hitlerās Nazi Germany. Many Soviets were already practicing Orthodox Christians and became more loyal citizens as laws on the Church were relaxed, so the Soviet Unionās new position on the Russian Orthodox Church worked to unite the nation and boost war morale. Russian Orthodox leaders now supported the state in its efforts against fascism, and some even referred to the Great Patriotic War as a holy one. Because of this, after Patriarch Sergius I died and a new patriarch, Patriarch Alexy I, was elected, the state tried to combat the Catholic Church and controversially reunited the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church and the Russian Orthodox Church to garner more support for the state as more Russian Orthodox clergy openly supported the Soviet Union and Stalin.
During the war, there spread the image of a deeply religious Stalin, a god-fearing Stalin, so to speak. A rumor spread that at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, Stalin met with Saint Matrona of Moscow, a Russian Orthodox saint and Stalinās contemporary. The legend claims that Stalin asked Matrona for advice, and she blessed him, predicting that the Nazis would not enter Moscow. It also asserts that she asked of him that he fly the icon of the Theotokos of Tikhin over Moscow, leading many Orthodox Christians to believe the fact that the Nazis did not enter Moscow to be a miracle.
Today, there are some who consider Stalin a saint and even call for his canonization. It is not exactly a widespread belief and is mainly an idea amongst the older generation of Russians, but his restoration of the Russian Orthodox Church has led him to be widely venerated and respected. The notion of a god-fearing Stalin survives.
Sources (not put together very formally at all)
Al Jazeera, The case for St Stan - 1 Aug 08
David, Icons and Their Interpretations, Matrona of Moscow
Emelian Yaroslavsky, Landmarks in the Life of Stalin
Kathryn David, Jordan Center for the Advanced Study of Russia, For God and Stalin
Oleg Yegorov, Russia Beyond, How Did the Russian Orthodox Church Survive 70 Years of Atheism in the USSR?
Oleg Yegorov, Russia Beyond, Why Did Stalin Rehabilitate the Russian Orthodox Church?
Orthodox History, Stalin's Revival of the Moscow Patriarchate
Orthodox Wiki, Alexei I (Simanksy) of Moscow
Roland Boer, Political Theology Network, Saint Iosif: Stalin and Religion
Seventeen Moments In Soviet History, Stalin and the Orthodox Church
The Presidential Library, J.V. Stalin Met the Representatives of Russian Orthodox Church
Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, Decree on Separation of Church and State
I'm sorry, but is he seriously stating that Communism is a bigger threat than the Nazis in WWII? Not even just Nazi Germany specifically or, more broadly, the Axis Powers, but the threat of supremacist ideologies in general. That's not a larger, more prevalent threat in America than Communism?
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Residents are trapped beneath rubble of collapsed buildings after two major quakes hit Venezuela, killing at least 235.
Another reminder to keep track of what is happening in Venezuela. Live updates on Al Jazeera. Emergency relief funds are important to donate to if you are able to, along with individual Venezuelans.
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On 11th September 1973, Marxist and democratically elected president of Chile, Salvador Allende was overthrown in a US-backed coup.
Among the many policies which Allendeās government carried out were:
- Efforts to integrate the Indian minority into the educational system (including allocating 3,000 scholarships to Mapuche children)
- Payment of pensions and grants
- The construction of 120,000 residential buildings
- All part-time workers were granted rights to social security
- Withdrawing of a proposed electricity price increase
- Restoration of diplomatic relations with Cuba
- Amnesty to political prisoners
- Fixing of bread prices
- 55,000 volunteers were sent to the south of the country to teach writing and reading skills and provide medical attention to a sector of the population that had previously been ignored
- Establishment of a central commission to oversee a tri-partite payment plan in which equal place was given to government, employees and employers
- Wokrers were granted representational rights on the funding board of the Social Planning Ministry
- Introduction of an obligatory minimum wage for workers of all ages including apprentices
- Free milk was introduced for expectant and nursing mothers and for children between the ages of 7 and 14
- Free school meals
- Rent reductions
- The rescheduling of the Santiago subway so as to serve working-class neighbourhoods first
- Increases in social security payments
- An expanded public works program
- A modification of the wage and salary adjustment mechanism to benefit workers
- Programs distributed free food to the countryās neediest citizens
- Establishment of peasant councils were established to mobilise agrarian workers and small proprietors
- Increase in the minimum taxable income level
- A campaign against illiteracy & expansion of adult education programs
- 18 year-olds and illiterates granted the right to vote
- State-sponsored cultural education initiatives & music festivals/tours including Chilean folklorists and nueva canciĆ³n musicians
- Establishment of the Womenās Secretariat to improve womenās rights, gender equality
- Maternity leave extended from 6 to 12 weeks
- āDemocratisationā of university education, including abolishment of tuition fees
- Co-operative laundries, communal food preparation, expansion of child-care facilities
- The CUT (central labor confederation) was accorded legal recognition and its membership grew from 700,000 to almost 1 million
- In enterprises in the Area of Social Ownership, an assembly of the workers elected half of the members of the management council for each company, these bodies replaced the former board of directors
- The incomes of retirement pensioners were increased by the government from one-third of the minimum salary to the full amount
- Labor insurance cover was extended to 200,000 market traders, 130,000 small shop proprietors, 30,000 small industrialists, small owners, transport workers, clergy, professional sportsmen, and artesans
- Project Cybersyn to aid in the management of the economy
As a result of these policies:
- Purchasing power went up by 28% between October 1970 and July 1971
- Average real wages rose by 22.3% during 1971
- Minimum real wages for blue-collar workers were increased by 56% during the first quarter of 1971, white-collar workersā wages increased by 23%
- An average of 52,000 houses were constructed annually
- Despite the increase in inflation (a long-standing problem in Chile) wages still rose (on average) in real terms during the 1971ā73 period
- From 1971 through to 1973, enrollments in kindergarten, primary, secondary, and postsecondary schools all increased
- An 89% rise in university enrollments between 1970 and 1973, increased enrollment in secondary education from 38% in 1970 to 51% in 1974
- The illiteracy rate was reduced from 12% in 1970 to 10.8% in 1972
- The growth in primary school enrollment increased from an annual average of 3.4% in the period 1966ā70 to 6.5% in 1971ā1972
- Secondary education grew at a rate of 18.2% in 1971ā1972
- The average school enrollment of children between the ages of 6 and 14 rose from 91% (1966ā70) to 99%
- Wage and salary earners increased their share of national income from 51.6% (the annual average between 1965 and 1970) to 65%
- Family consumption increased by 12.9% in the first year of the Allende Government
- Annual increase in personal spending rose from 4.8% in the period 1965ā70, to 11.9% in 1971
- During the first two years of Allendeās presidency, state expenditure on health rose from around 2% to nearly 3.5% of GDP
- The proportion of children under the age of 6 with some form of malnutrition fell by 17%
- Pensions increased by a total of 550%
- There was one healthcare centre for every 40,000 inhabitants
- 4 million square metres of housing & other construction works were completed in 1971ā72, compared to an annual average of two-and-a-half million between 1965 and 1970
- There was 12% industrial growth and an 8.6% increase in GDP, decrease of inflation from 34.9% to 22.1% and unemployment went down to 3.8% by the end of 1971
Just a wip.. but drawing Fidel IS SOOO FREAKING HARDšš but I love Cheās eyes (I hope we see the vision cuz I wanted to put some text that said āeverywhere I go I see those eyesā šš)
