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Acute Vs Chronic Pulmonary Embolism on CTPAImage 1: Acute Pulmonary EmbolismAxial CTPA shows centrally located filling defect demonstrating polo mint sign (red arrows).Image source: EPOSImage 2: Chronic Pulmonary EmbolismAxial contrast-enhanced CT scan shows an eccentrically located thrombus with a broad base forming obtuse angles with the vessel wall in the left lower lobe pulmonary artery…

Pulmonary embolismThe stream of contrast is interrupted by a filling defect. This fully obstructs the right pulmonary artery and crosses through the left pulmonary artery—a “saddle” pulmonary embolus.An unenhanced CT cannot be used to identify pulmonary emboli, as the densities of thrombus and liquid blood are nearly identical without the use of injected contrastImage Source: Radiology…

Tension PneumothoraxChest X ray shows massive right-sided tension pneumothorax with almost total collapse of the right lung and shift of the mediastinal structures to the left.Image source:  Case courtesy of Jack Garnham, Radiopaedia, rID: 82478#Radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

Aortic dissectionThe Stanford classification divides dissections by the most proximal involvement:📍Type A involves any part of the aorta proximal to the origin of the left subclavian artery📍Type B arises distal to the left subclavian arteryCT image through the aortic arch demonstrates an aortic dissection. Involvement of the ascending aorta is consistent with a Stanford Type A aortic…

Breast Lesion Description on UltrasoundUltrasound image shows a well circumscribed oval anechoic mass which is parallel-oriented demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement. Features are consistent with a simple cyst (BIRADS 2)S (Shape): OvalO (Orientation): Parallel (wider than tall, aligned with skin)M (Margin): Circumscribed (well-defined, sharp borders)E (Echo pattern): Anechoic (completely…

Sarteschi Grade I VaricoceleUltrasound Images obtained at rest (A) and during Valsalva (B) showing inguinal reflux in non‐enlarging veins in standing position during Valsalva’s manoeuverImage Source: PubMed Central (PMC) Sarteschi Grade II VaricoceleUltrasound Images obtained at rest (A) and during Valsalva (B) showing reflux in supratesticular veins in standing position during Valsalva’s…

Early Appendicitis Dilated, fluid-filled appendix with thickened wall and periappendiceal stranding. Small appendicoliths which are not obstructing. This is consistent with acute uncomplicated appendicitisImage source: Case courtesy of Michael P. Hartung, Radiopaedia, rID: 197373 Suppurative Appendicitis The appendix is diffusely dilated, measuring 16 mm in maximum thickness, associated with…

Ulcerative colitis Overview(A)Supine radiograph. Sigmoid and left colon with “Lead pipe” appearance due to the lacking normal haustral markings.  (B)Axial CT images in the same patient show an ahaustral pattern due to diffuse colonic fibrosis,  appearance engorged blood vessels and ascites indicative of active disease ( arrows in B and C).(D) Perirectal fibrofatty proliferation and narrowing of…

Gastrointestinal Tumor (GIST) on CT ScanAbdomen CT shows a mass with internal cystic/ necrotic changes is seen between the left liver lobe and gastric lesser curvature originating from the stomach wall.Image source: Case courtesy of Mohammad T. Niknejad, Radiopaedia, rID: 97920#radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

Sigmoid Volvulus: The Coffee bean sign on X rayThe image shows markedly dilated loop of colon with a coffee-bean shape. Its apex points toward the right upper quadrant. Lucency at the right edge of the dilated bowel most likely represent compressed ascending colon.Image source: Case courtesy of Wael Nemattalla, Radiopaedia, rID: 10633#radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

The Evans IndexA normal Evans index is between 0.20 and 0.25.An index between 0.25 and 0.30 indicates possible or early ventriculomegaly.A ratio of >0.30 indicates definite ventriculomegaly. The ratio can be higher in a normal healthy elderly individual and varies with age and sex.Image source: Case courtesy of Frank Gaillard, Radiopaedia, rID: 165931#Radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

The Overview of IntussusceptionAn ultrasound showing target sign which is a characteristic finding for intussusception on ultrasound.Doppler ultrasound demonstrates preserved blood flow suggesting presence of viability and can be reduced.Image source: EPOS#Radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

The Humpton Hump SignWedge-shaped peripheral consolidation noted in the right middle zone suggesting pulmonary embolism.There is blunting of the right costophrenic angle consistent with pleural effusion#Radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR

Types of Tracheoesophageal Fistula (TEF)Type A (Pure Atresia)✅️ Gasless abdomen on supine X-ray.✅️ Not a surgical emergency; staged repair is common.Type B (EA + Proximal Fistula)✅️ Air is present in the stomach, but the NG tube stops in the proximal pouch.✅️ High risk of aspiration; keep the infant upright until ligation.Type C (EA + Distal Fistula)✅️ Most common type (85%); bowel air is…

Image source: EPOS

Split Pleura Sign on CT ScanContrast-enhanced transverse CT scan shows empyema between thickened parietal (arrowheads) and visceral (arrow) pleural layers: the split pleura sign.Image source: RSNA#Radiology #FOAMrad #RadEd #RSNA #ACR