First Ever Human Rights Declaration in human history. It was the 63rd year of the Prophetâs (PBUH) life which coincided with the close of the 10th of Hijra, which in history goes by the name of Khutbatul-Wada. According to Renowned Islamic Scholar Khalid Aalvi: âThe Prophet (S.A.W.) now wanted to give final instructions to his followers because the end of his life was near, towards the end of the 10th Hijra.â
1. Equality of Human Rights: âAll mankind is from Adam and Eve, and Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over black nor, a black has any superiority over white except by piety and good action.â 2. Obedience of Rights. 3. Right of life: âO people just as you regard this month, this day, this city as sacred.â 4. Eradication of Ethnicism. 5. Right to property: âReturn the goods entrusted to you to their rightful owners your capital, however, is yours to keep.â 6. Right of society members: âO people, every Muslim is the brother of the other Muslim, and all the Muslims form one brotherhood.â 7. Right of workers and servants: âAnd your slaves I see that you feed them with such food as you eat selves, and clothe them with the same clothes that you, your selves wear.â 8. Eradication of lawlessness: âBehold! All practices of the days of ignorance are now under my feet. The blood revenge of the days of ignorance is remitted.â 9. Economic Rights: âAll interests and usurious dues accruing from time to time of ignorance stand wiped out.â 10. Right of inheritance: âO people, Allah, the mighty and Exalted has ordained to every one his due share (of inheritance). Hence there is no need for a special testament for an heir (departing from the rules laid down by Shariah). 11. Newborns' Right of Ancestral Sanctity: âThe child belongs to the marriage â bed, and violator of wedlock shall be punished and reckoning of their deeds rests with Allah.â 12. Right of Social Identity: âHe who attributes this ancestry to other than his father claims his clientship to other them his master, the curse of Allah is upon him. 13. Rights to receive the debt: âAll debts must be repaid, all borrowed property must be returned, gifts should be reciprocated and a surety must make good the loss to the assured.â 14. Right of ownership: âHe who (amongst you) has any trust with him, he must return it to the owner.â 15. Womenâs Right want of husbands and wives: âO people, it is true that you have certain rights with regard to your women, but they also have rights over you, remember that you have taken them as your wives only under Allahâs trust and with his permission. If they abide by your rights then to them belongs the right to be fed and clothed in kindness. Do treat your women well and be kind to them for they are your partners and committed helpers. And it is your right that they do not allow anyone to enter your house whom you do not approve of as well as never to be unchaste.â 16. Constitutional Rights: âVerify I have left amongst you that which will never head you astray, the book of Allah and my example, the sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.â 17. Rights of State: âBehold! Worship you lord; and obey your rulers, and you will be admitted to the paradise of your lord.â 18. Right of law observance. 19. Rights of justice: âBeware, no one committing a crime a responsible for it but him, neither the child is responsible for the crime of his father nor the father is responsible for the crime of his child.â 20. Right of Awareness for future generations: âLet him that who is present, convey it unto him who is absent, for many people to whom the message is conveyed may be more mindful of it than the audience.â The Farewell address is equally notable for the universal message it has for mankind as a whole.
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