EduLesson

Main Ways of Spreading the Infection | What are Communicable Diseases

To prevent infection from entering the wound , first of all, you need to know its sources and ways of spreading. An infection that enters a wound from the external environment is called exogenous . Its main sources are: air with dust particles on which microorganisms settle; discharge from the nasopharynx and upper respiratory tract of patients, visitors and medical staff ; wound discharge from…

Asepsis and Antiseptics – Sepsis and Asepsis Technique

Importance of the topic : Prevention and treatment of infection in the wound and in the body as a whole remains today one of the most pressing problems not only in surgery, but also in various branches of medicine. Despite what has been achieved in the development of methods for the prevention and treatment of infection, there remains a rather high risk of developing infectious postoperative…

Lung Abscess – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

A lung abscess is a nonspecific inflammation of the lung tissue, as a result of which melting occurs with the formation of purulent-necrotic cavities. During the formation of the abscess, fever, thoracalgia, dry cough, intoxication are noted; during the opening of the abscess – a cough with profuse discharge of purulent sputum. The diagnosis is made on the basis of a combination of clinical,…

Abscess Pneumonia – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment || Abscessive Pneumonia

Absolute pneumonia (Abscessive Pneumonia) is a destructive inflammatory process, accompanied by the formation of multiple purulent foci in the lung tissue. Symptoms vary depending on the pathogen. Classic manifestations of abscessed pneumonia include febrile fever, chills, severe intoxication, cough with offensive phlegm, anorexia, and weight loss. Confirmatory diagnostic methods are radiography…

TRALI Syndrome – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment || Blood Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury

TRALI syndrome is an acute lung injury that occurs within 6 hours after a transfusion of blood or blood components, such as fresh frozen plasma, erythrocyte or platelet mass. The clinical picture consists of symptoms of acute respiratory failure – shortness of breath, cough with the discharge of foamy sputum, arterial hypotension. Hyperthermia is sometimes observed. The diagnosis is made on the…

Tracheobronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Tracheobronchitis is a diffuse inflammatory process that covers the lower airways – the trachea and bronchi. The duration and features of the course of tracheobronchitis are closely related to its form; symptoms usually include cough (dry or productive), chest rawness and pain, temperature reaction, malaise, wheezing, shortness of breath. Verification of the diagnosis is facilitated by the…

Recurrent Bronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Recurrent bronchitis is a recurrent, lingering inflammation of the bronchial mucosa, repeated up to 3 or more times throughout the year, but does not lead to irreversible dysfunctions of the respiratory system. Recurrent bronchitis is accompanied by subfebrile condition, moist, rough cough, sometimes bronchospasm and wheezing. The diagnosis is made according to the data of X-ray of the lungs,…

Dust Bronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Dust bronchitis is an occupational disease of the respiratory tract that occurs with prolonged inhalation of industrial dust and leads to atrophic and sclerotic changes in the wall of the trachea and bronchi. The main clinical manifestations include cough, shortness of breath, bronchial obstruction syndrome. To confirm the diagnosis, a connection between bronchitis and professional activity is…

Acute Tracheobronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Acute tracheobronchitis is an acute respiratory disease occurring with inflammatory lesions of the mucous membrane of the trachea and bronchi. Acute tracheobronchitis is characterized by a strong cough (at first unproductive, then with the release of mucopurulent sputum), sore chest pain, subfebrile condition, general weakness. Diagnosis includes physical examination, chest x-ray, and CBC and…

Acute Obstructive Bronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Acute obstructive bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tree, accompanied by a syndrome of bronchial obstruction, mainly of small and medium caliber. The main symptom of acute obstructive bronchitis is expiratory shortness of breath , which occurs against the background of coughing, asthma attacks, fever, wheezing or wet wheezing. In addition to the data of the clinical picture,…

Obstructive bronchitis in children – causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

Obstructive bronchitis in children is an inflammatory lesion of the bronchial tree, occurring with the phenomenon of obstruction, i.e., impaired patency of the bronchi. The course of obstructive bronchitis in children is accompanied by an unproductive cough, noisy wheezing with forced expiration, tachypnea, and distant wheezing. When diagnosing obstructive bronchitis in children, data from…

Obstructive Bronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Obstructive bronchitis is a diffuse inflammation of the bronchi of small and medium caliber, occurring with a sharp bronchial spasm and progressive impairment of pulmonary ventilation. Obstructive bronchitis is manifested by cough with sputum, expiratory dyspnea, wheezing, and respiratory failure. Diagnosis of obstructive bronchitis is based on auscultatory, radiological data, and the results of…

Purulent Bronchitis – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Best Treatment

Purulent bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tree, which occurs with the formation and release of purulent secretions. The etiology of purulent bronchitis is always associated with a layer of bacterial infection. With purulent bronchitis, patients are worried about a wet cough with thick yellow-green sputum, subfebrile condition, sweating, shortness of breath. The diagnosis is…

Bronchitis in Children – Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Best Treatment

Bronchitis in children is a nonspecific inflammation of the lower respiratory tract, which occurs with the defeat of the bronchi of various sizes. Bronchitis in children is manifested by coughing (dry or with sputum of a different nature), fever, chest pain, bronchial obstruction, wheezing. Bronchitis in children is diagnosed on the basis of an auscultatory picture, data on lung radiography,…

Pain in the left hypochondrium: upper left abdominal pain

Pain in the left hypochondrium (upper left abdominal pain) most often develops with pathologies of the abdominal organs: acute and chronic pancreatitis, Payr’s syndrome, splenomegaly, and traumatic injuries of the spleen. Occasionally, a symptom occurs with lung damage (pneumonia and pleurisy), an atypical form of myocardial infarction, intercostal neuralgia. To diagnose the causes of pain, an…

Side Pain – Classification, Symptoms, Types, Diagnostics, and Treatment

Pain in the side (Side Pain) is a nonspecific symptom of many diseases of the abdominal cavity, retroperitoneal space, and small pelvis. To determine the cause of side pain, the location and nature of the pain syndrome, as well as the conditions for its occurrence, and its combination with other symptoms, are important. The diagnosis is established taking into account clinical and physical data,…

Femoral Artery Anatomy || Lower Limb Anatomy || EduLesson

✍️ In Anatomy, Femoral artery (Arteria femoralis) The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery and constitutes the major blood supply to the lower limb. In the thigh, the femoral artery passes through the femoral triangle, a wedge-shaped depression formed by muscles in the upper thigh.  ✍️ Femoral Artery having 6 relations – Anterior relations, Posterior relations, Medical…